Estudo fitoquímico dos frutos de Senna spectabilis e análise comparativa do perfil alcaloídico de S. spectabilis e Cassia leptophylla
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Data
2005-12-01
Autores
Pivatto, Marcos [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho objetivou o estudo fitoquímico dos frutos de Senna spectabilis e o estudo comparativo do perfil alcaloídico entre S. spectabilis e Cassia leptophylla, outra espécie vegetal relatada como fonte de alcalóides piperidínicos. O estudo fitoquímico dos frutos de S. spectabilis forneceu 4 alcalóides piperidínicos: cassina (1), 3-O-acetil-cassina (20), 3-O-feruloil-cassina (18) e um estereoisômero da cassina (19), cujas configurações, ralativa e absoluta, ainda não foram determinadas. Dentre estes, somente a cassina (1) já era conhecida e foi isolada, em nosso grupo de pesquisa, como o alcalóide majoritário das flores da mesma espécie. Estes alcalóides foram avaliados quanto às atividades seqüestradora de radicais livres (DPPH) e inibidora da enzima acetilcolinesterase. As substâncias 1, 2 e 4 apresentaram forte atividade anticolinesterásica, com concentração inibitória mínima semelhante à galantamina, utilizada como padrão positivo. Quanto à atividade seqüestradora de radicais livres, o único que apresentou leve estabilização do radical foi o derivado feruloil piperidínico (18), quando comparado com a rutina, utilizada como padrão positivo. Entretanto, a maior concentração do alcalóide não atingiu a concentração inibitória de 50% (IC50), observada para a rutina. O estudo do perfil químico entre as espécies S. spectabilis e C. leptophylla foi inicialmente baseado em experimentos comparativos de cromatografia em camada delgada e ressonância magnética nuclear de hidrogênio. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que somente os extratos das flores e frutos de S. spectabilis apresentavam substâncias alcaloídicas como metabólitos detectáveis. Por outro lado, a análise por espectrometria de massas permitiu evidenciar metabólitos alcaloídicos piperidínicos em ambas as espécies estudadas, levando-nos a concluir sobre a importância desta técnica na bioprospecção de metabólitos minoritários.
The present work aimed the phytochemical study of the fruits of Senna spectabilis and a comparative analysis of the alkaloid profile between S. spectabilis and Cassia leptophylla, another species reported as a source of piperidine alkaloids. The phytochemical study of the fruits of S. spectabilis furnished 4 piperidine alkaloids: cassine (1), 3-O-acetyl-cassine (20), 3-O-feruloyl-cassine (18) and a stereoisomer of cassine (19), whose absolute and relative configurations were not stablished yet. Among these, only cassine (1) was already known and it had been previously isolated as the major alkaloid of the flowers in the same species. These alkaloids were evaluated for their potential as free radical scavengers towards DPPH and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Substances 1, 2 and 4 showed strong activity in inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, with a minimum inhibitory concentration similar to galantamina, used as a reference compound. In the free radical scavenger assay, compound 18 was the only active, showing a slightly radical stabilization, when compared with the rutina, used as a reference compound. However, the largest concentration of the alkaloid didn't reach the inhibitory concentration for 50% (IC50), obtained by rutina. The chemical profile study between S. spectabilis and C. leptophylla species was initially based on comparative experiments using thin layer chromatography, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. The results indicated that alkaloidal metabolites were present only in the S.spectabilis extracts. On the other hand, analysis by tandem mass spectrometry revealed the presence of piperidine alkaloids in both species, leading us to conclude the relevance of this technique in bioprospecting of minority metabolites.
The present work aimed the phytochemical study of the fruits of Senna spectabilis and a comparative analysis of the alkaloid profile between S. spectabilis and Cassia leptophylla, another species reported as a source of piperidine alkaloids. The phytochemical study of the fruits of S. spectabilis furnished 4 piperidine alkaloids: cassine (1), 3-O-acetyl-cassine (20), 3-O-feruloyl-cassine (18) and a stereoisomer of cassine (19), whose absolute and relative configurations were not stablished yet. Among these, only cassine (1) was already known and it had been previously isolated as the major alkaloid of the flowers in the same species. These alkaloids were evaluated for their potential as free radical scavengers towards DPPH and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Substances 1, 2 and 4 showed strong activity in inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, with a minimum inhibitory concentration similar to galantamina, used as a reference compound. In the free radical scavenger assay, compound 18 was the only active, showing a slightly radical stabilization, when compared with the rutina, used as a reference compound. However, the largest concentration of the alkaloid didn't reach the inhibitory concentration for 50% (IC50), obtained by rutina. The chemical profile study between S. spectabilis and C. leptophylla species was initially based on comparative experiments using thin layer chromatography, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. The results indicated that alkaloidal metabolites were present only in the S.spectabilis extracts. On the other hand, analysis by tandem mass spectrometry revealed the presence of piperidine alkaloids in both species, leading us to conclude the relevance of this technique in bioprospecting of minority metabolites.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Alcalóides (Fitoquímica), Quimica organica, Senna spectabilis, Piperidine alkaloids
Como citar
PIVATTO, Marcos. Estudo fitoquímico dos frutos de Senna spectabilis e análise comparativa do perfil alcaloídico de S. spectabilis e Cassia leptophylla. 2005. 135 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Química, 2005.