Avaliação e monitoramento da qualidade da água na microbacia do córrego Caçula no Município de Ilha Solteira-SP
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Data
2013-12-13
Autores
Manoel, Letícia de Oliveira [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O homem vem ocupando de forma cada vez mais desordenada as bacias hidrográficas, através de atividades de desmatamentos, queimadas, práticas agrícolas perniciosas, atividades extrativistas agressivas, ocupações urbanas generalizadas gerando a impermeabilização dos solos, lançamento de esgotos industriais e domésticos nos rios e lagos. Todas essas atuações impactantes ao meio ambiente têm gerado uma deterioração da qualidade das águas naturais, com riscos de propagação de doenças de veiculação hídrica ao próprio ser humano. A avaliação da qualidade da água pode subsidiar a formulação de planos de manejo e gestão de sistemas aquáticos. Neste trabalho, foram avaliadas a qualidade da água da microbacia do Córrego Caçula, no município de Ilha Solteira-SP, utilizando-se o Índice de Qualidade da Água (IQA) e o seu estado de degradação associado à utilização da área de entorno. As amostragens de água e a aplicação do questionário socioeconômico e ambiental foram realizadas entre maio/2012 e abril/2013, em cinco pontos de amostragem e na área de entorno dos córregos. As amostras foram analisadas quanto aos parâmetros físicos, químicos e microbiológicos. Constatou-se que na época das chuvas houve uma queda no IQA, devido ao grande aumento da turbidez e sólidos totais da água, resultante do carreamento de partículas sólidas pelo escoamento superficial, indicando falta de práticas de conservação de solo. A qualidade das águas variou de ruim a boa para o período em estudo, onde alguns parâmetros excederam os limites estabelecidos pela Resolução CONAMA n° 357/05. Portanto, devido à forma de uso da terra, a microbacia apresenta fragilidade ambiental com risco potencial de contaminação de seus recursos hídricos, além da falta de informação ou conscientização dos moradores a respeito dos problemas ambientais. Assim, diante do monitoramento realizado na microbacia do Córrego Caçula, fica
The man comes to occupying an increasingly disordered watershed, through the activities of deforestation, fires, harmful agricultural practices, extractive activities aggressive urban occupations generating generalized soil sealing, release of domestic and industrial sewage into rivers and lakes. Anyway, all these actions impacting the environment have caused deterioration in the quality of natural waters, with risk of spread of waterborne diseases to human being. The assessment of water quality can support the formulation of management plans and management of aquatic systems. In this study, we evaluated the water quality of the watershed’s stream youngest, using the Water Quality Index (IQA) and its state of degradation associated with the use of the surrounding area. Samples of water and the application of environmental and socioeconomic questionnaire were conducted between May/2012 and April/2013 in five sampling points and the area surrounding streams. The samples were analyzed for physical, chemical and microbiological. It was found that in the rainy season there was a drop in IQA, due to the large increase in turbidity and total solids of the water resulting from entrainment of solid particles by runoff, indicating lack of soil conservation practices. The water quality ranged from poor to good for the period under study, where some parameters exceeded the limits established by Resolution CONAMA N°357/05. Therefore, due to the form of land use, watershed presents the environmental fragility with potential risk of contamination of water resources, and the lack of information or awareness of residents about the environmental problems. Thus, before the monitoring conducted in the watershed of the stream youngest, it is evident that the area needs special attention, especially in the headwaters of the stream ponds, since this showed disturbing result, mainly due to reduction of OD and pH making it impractical the survival of many ...
The man comes to occupying an increasingly disordered watershed, through the activities of deforestation, fires, harmful agricultural practices, extractive activities aggressive urban occupations generating generalized soil sealing, release of domestic and industrial sewage into rivers and lakes. Anyway, all these actions impacting the environment have caused deterioration in the quality of natural waters, with risk of spread of waterborne diseases to human being. The assessment of water quality can support the formulation of management plans and management of aquatic systems. In this study, we evaluated the water quality of the watershed’s stream youngest, using the Water Quality Index (IQA) and its state of degradation associated with the use of the surrounding area. Samples of water and the application of environmental and socioeconomic questionnaire were conducted between May/2012 and April/2013 in five sampling points and the area surrounding streams. The samples were analyzed for physical, chemical and microbiological. It was found that in the rainy season there was a drop in IQA, due to the large increase in turbidity and total solids of the water resulting from entrainment of solid particles by runoff, indicating lack of soil conservation practices. The water quality ranged from poor to good for the period under study, where some parameters exceeded the limits established by Resolution CONAMA N°357/05. Therefore, due to the form of land use, watershed presents the environmental fragility with potential risk of contamination of water resources, and the lack of information or awareness of residents about the environmental problems. Thus, before the monitoring conducted in the watershed of the stream youngest, it is evident that the area needs special attention, especially in the headwaters of the stream ponds, since this showed disturbing result, mainly due to reduction of OD and pH making it impractical the survival of many ...
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Palavras-chave
Recursos hídricos - Desenvolvimento, Bacias hidrograficas, Água - Qualidade, Water quality
Como citar
MANOEL, Letícia de Oliveira. Avaliação e monitoramento da qualidade da água na microbacia do córrego Caçula no Município de Ilha Solteira-SP. 2013. 167 f. Dissertação (mestrado) Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, 2013.