Projeto de experimentos em rodas ferroviárias fundidas em aço, com o uso da técnica de Taguchi
Data
2008-09-18
Autores
Ribeiro, Carlos Barbosa [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Aplicou-se experimentos em rodas ferroviárias tipo D-38 (38 polegadas de diâmetro), fundidas em aço, obtidas pelo processo de pressão controlada. Estudou-se a influência de 15 fatores (variáveis de entrada), com o objetivo de minimizar ou eliminar a descontinuidade interna denominada “microrechupe”, a qual apresentou-se como variável de saída constante em todas as rodas experimentadas, na região do aro das rodas (região de contato com os trilhos da ferrovia). As descontinuidades internas foram detectadas por ensaio ultrassônico, através do método indireto de avaliação, com o auxílio do diagrama AVG, e uso de transdutor normal. Em função da quantidade e tamanhos diferenciados das descontinuidades internas detectadas em todas as rodas experimentadas, foi criado um método específico para mensurá-las, estabelecendo desta forma, respostas diferenciadas que possibilitaram a análise da influência dos fatores (variáveis de entrada). Para estudo e análise da influência das variáveis de entrada e suas respectivas interações, foi utilizado o método de Taguchi, com um Arranjo Ortogonal L-16. Os fatores (variáveis de entrada) operaram em dois níveis com uma razão sinal / ruído para a função “maior é melhor”, sendo utilizada a análise de variância ANOVA para testar a significância dos efeitos. Os resultados demonstraram que as variáveis “posição relativa da roda na corrida de vazamento” e “tempo de cura dos massalotes radiais” tiveram maior significância para a redução da descontinuidade microrechupe (output).
It was applied experiments in railroad wheels, casting in steel, D-38 type (38- inches- diameter), produced by controlled pressure process. It was studied influence of the 15 factors (entrance variables) with objective to minimize or to eliminate a internal discontinuity, called microshrinkage, which was presented as constant output in all tried wheels, inside the rim wheels (region of contact with railroad tracks). The internal discontinuities had been detected by ultrasonic test, through the indirect method of evaluation, with aiding of AVG diagram, with the use of normal transducer. In function of the amount and different sizes of the internal discontinuities detected in all the tried wheels, a new method was created to measure them, establishing different answers, in such a way that make possible the factors influence analysis. For study and analysis of the factors and its interactions, the Taguchi approach was used, with L-16 Ortogonal Array. The process factors had operated in two levels with a signal-to-noise ratio called “bigger is better” function and it was used variance analysis by ANOVA to determine the main significance of the effects. The results had demonstrated that, the factors “relative position of the wheel in the production line” and “cure time of radial risers” had greater significance for the reduction of the discontinuity microshrinkage (output)
It was applied experiments in railroad wheels, casting in steel, D-38 type (38- inches- diameter), produced by controlled pressure process. It was studied influence of the 15 factors (entrance variables) with objective to minimize or to eliminate a internal discontinuity, called microshrinkage, which was presented as constant output in all tried wheels, inside the rim wheels (region of contact with railroad tracks). The internal discontinuities had been detected by ultrasonic test, through the indirect method of evaluation, with aiding of AVG diagram, with the use of normal transducer. In function of the amount and different sizes of the internal discontinuities detected in all the tried wheels, a new method was created to measure them, establishing different answers, in such a way that make possible the factors influence analysis. For study and analysis of the factors and its interactions, the Taguchi approach was used, with L-16 Ortogonal Array. The process factors had operated in two levels with a signal-to-noise ratio called “bigger is better” function and it was used variance analysis by ANOVA to determine the main significance of the effects. The results had demonstrated that, the factors “relative position of the wheel in the production line” and “cure time of radial risers” had greater significance for the reduction of the discontinuity microshrinkage (output)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Fundição, Rodas de vagões, Taguchi, Railroad wheels
Como citar
RIBEIRO, Carlos Barbosa. Projeto de experimentos em rodas ferroviárias fundidas em aço, com o uso da técnica de Taguchi. 2008. 98 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguetá, 2008.