Assessing the replacement of lead in solders: effects on resource use and human health

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dc.contributor.authorAlmeida, C. M. V. B. [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorMadureira, M. A. [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorBonilla, S. H. [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorGiannetti, B. F. [UNESP]
dc.contributor.institutionUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
dc.date.accessioned2014-12-03T13:08:52Z
dc.date.available2014-12-03T13:08:52Z
dc.date.issued2013-05-01
dc.description.abstractHuman health and environmental concerns are not usually considered at the same time. Tin-lead solders are still widely used in several countries, including Brazil, by manufacturers of electronic assemblies. One of the options to reduce or eliminate lead from the manufacturing environment is its replacement with lead-free alloys. This paper applies emergy synthesis and the DALY indicator (Disability Adjusted Life Years) to assess the impact of manufacturing soft solder using tin, lead and other metals on the environment and on human health. The results are presented together with the company's financial results and the results calculated from the Brazilian statistical value of life. The calculation of emergy per unit showed that more resources are used to produce one ton of lead-free solders than to produce one ton of tin-lead solders, with and without the use of consumer waste recovered through a reverse logistics system. The assessment of air emissions during solder production shows that the benefits of the lead-free solution are limited to the stages of manufacturing and assembling. The tin-lead solder appears as the best option in terms of resource use efficiency and with respect to emissions into the atmosphere when the mining stage is included. A discussion on the influence of the system's boundaries on the decision-making process for materials substitution is presented. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.en
dc.description.affiliationUniv Estadual Paulista, Programa Posgrad Engn Prod, BR-04026002 Mirandopolis, SP, Brazil
dc.description.affiliationUnespUniv Estadual Paulista, Programa Posgrad Engn Prod, BR-04026002 Mirandopolis, SP, Brazil
dc.description.sponsorshipVice-Reitoria de Pos-Graduacao e Pesquisa da Universidade Paulista
dc.format.extent457-464
dc.identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.08.002
dc.identifier.citationJournal Of Cleaner Production. Oxford: Elsevier Sci Ltd, v. 47, p. 457-464, 2013.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.08.002
dc.identifier.issn0959-6526
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11449/111657
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000319178200046
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherElsevier B.V.
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Cleaner Production
dc.relation.ispartofjcr5.651
dc.relation.ispartofsjr1,467
dc.rights.accessRightsAcesso restrito
dc.sourceWeb of Science
dc.subjectEmergyen
dc.subjectTin-leaden
dc.subjectLead-freeen
dc.subjectReverse logisticsen
dc.subjectDALYen
dc.subjectHuman healthen
dc.titleAssessing the replacement of lead in solders: effects on resource use and human healthen
dc.typeArtigo
dcterms.licensehttp://www.elsevier.com/about/open-access/open-access-policies/article-posting-policy
dcterms.rightsHolderElsevier B.V.
unesp.author.orcid0000-0002-2337-4457[4]
unesp.author.orcid0000-0002-0473-906X[1]

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