Host immune responses to enzootic and invasive pathogen lineages vary in magnitude, timing, and efficacy

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dc.contributor.authorMcDonald, Coby A.
dc.contributor.authorBecker, C. Guilherme
dc.contributor.authorLambertini, Carolina
dc.contributor.authorToledo, L. Felipe
dc.contributor.authorHaddad, Célio F. B. [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorZamudio, Kelly R.
dc.contributor.institutionCornell University
dc.contributor.institutionThe Pennsylvania State University
dc.contributor.institutionUniversidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
dc.contributor.institutionUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
dc.contributor.institutionThe University of Texas at Austin
dc.date.accessioned2023-07-29T13:44:41Z
dc.date.available2023-07-29T13:44:41Z
dc.date.issued2023-05-01
dc.description.abstractInfectious diseases of wildlife continue to pose a threat to biodiversity worldwide, yet pathogens are far from uniform in virulence or host disease outcome. Within the same pathogen species, virulence can vary considerably depending on strain or lineage, in turn eliciting variable host responses. One pathogen that has caused extensive biodiversity loss is the amphibian-killing fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), which is comprised of a globally widespread hypervirulent lineage (Bd-GPL), and multiple geographically restricted, enzootic lineages. Whereas host immunogenomic responses to Bd-GPL have been characterized in a number of amphibian species, immunogenomic responses to geographically restricted, enzootic Bd lineages are less clear. To examine lineage-specific host immune responses to Bd, we exposed a species of pumpkin toadlet, Brachycephalus pitanga, which is endemic to Brazil's Southern Atlantic Forest, to either the Bd-GPL or the enzootic Bd-Asia-2/Brazil (hereafter Bd-Brazil) lineage. Using temporal samples from early, mid, and late infection stages, we quantified functional immunogenomic responses over the course of infection using differential gene expression tests and coexpression network analyses. Host immune responses varied significantly with Bd lineage. Relative to controls, toadlet responses to Bd-Brazil were weak at early infection (25 genes significantly differentially expressed), peaked by mid-stage infection (414 genes), and were nearly fully resolved by late-stage infection (nine genes). In contrast, responses to Bd-GPL were magnified and delayed; toadlets significantly differentially expressed 111 genes early, 87 genes at mid-stage infection, and 726 genes by late-stage infection relative to controls. Given that infection intensity did not vary between mid- and late-stage disease in either Bd-Brazil or Bd-GPL treatments, this suggests that pumpkin toadlets may be at least partially tolerant to the enzootic Bd-Brazil lineage. In contrast, late-stage immune activation against Bd-GPL was consistent with immune dysregulation previously observed in other species. Our results demonstrate that both the timing of immune response and the particular immune pathways activated are specific to Bd lineage. Within regions where multiple Bd lineages co-occur, and given continued global Bd movement, these differential host responses may influence not only individual disease outcome, but transmission dynamics at the population and community levels.en
dc.description.affiliationDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University
dc.description.affiliationDepartment of Biology The Pennsylvania State University
dc.description.affiliationLaboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros (LaHNAB) Departamento de Biologia Animal Instituto de Biologia Unicamp Campinas
dc.description.affiliationDepartamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP) Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista
dc.description.affiliationDepartment of Integrative Biology The University of Texas at Austin
dc.description.affiliationUnespDepartamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP) Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista
dc.description.sponsorshipCollege of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University
dc.description.sponsorshipCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
dc.description.sponsorshipFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
dc.description.sponsorshipConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
dc.description.sponsorshipIdFAPESP: 2016/25358-3
dc.description.sponsorshipIdFAPESP: 2019/18335-5
dc.description.sponsorshipIdCNPq: 300896/2016-6
dc.description.sponsorshipIdCNPq: 302834/2020-6
dc.format.extent2252-2270
dc.identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.16890
dc.identifier.citationMolecular Ecology, v. 32, n. 9, p. 2252-2270, 2023.
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/mec.16890
dc.identifier.issn1365-294X
dc.identifier.issn0962-1083
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85149364766
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11449/248462
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofMolecular Ecology
dc.sourceScopus
dc.subjectBatrachochytrium dendrobatidis
dc.subjectenzootic
dc.subjectepizootic
dc.subjectimmune response
dc.subjectresistance
dc.subjecttolerance
dc.titleHost immune responses to enzootic and invasive pathogen lineages vary in magnitude, timing, and efficacyen
dc.typeArtigo
unesp.author.orcid0000-0001-8291-6087[1]
unesp.author.orcid0000-0002-4929-9598[4]

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Jaboticabal - CAUNESP - Centro de Aquicultura da Unesp