Fisiologia da brotação e do florescimento e produção de pessegueiros cultivados em região subtropical
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2021-01-29
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A baixa disponibilidade de frio durante o inverno compromete o desenvolvimento do pessegueiro, ocasionando sintomas que reduzem a capacidade produtiva das plantas. Nestas condições, é necessária a utilização de produtos químicos que estimulem a brotação das plantas. Embora existam diversos produtos com potencial de utilização, ainda há poucos estudos que demonstrem sua eficiência na cultura do pessegueiro. Além disto, os mecanismos de ação destes compostos no metabolismo das plantas ainda não foram devidamente esclarecidos. Diante disto, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o desempenho agronômico de pessegueiros submetidos à aplicação de indutores de brotação, bem como o efeito dos produtos no conteúdo de compostos nitrogenados, nas gemas das plantas, em Botucatu – São Paulo. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por 3 indutores de brotação: Cianamida Hidrogenada (CH) (0,6%); Fertilizante Foliar Nitrogenado (2,5%) + Nitrato de Cálcio (4%) (FFN + NC); Nitrato de Cálcio (NC) (4%) e a testemunha (água). Foram avaliados os cultivares de pessegueiro Douradão, durante dois ciclos produtivos (2017 e 2018), e BRS Kampai, durante um ciclo produtivo (2017). Avaliaram-se as seguintes variáveis: conteúdo de compostos nitrogenados nas gemas; fenologia da floração, porcentagem de florescimento, porcentagem de brotação, frutificação efetiva, número de frutos, produção, produtividade e a eficiência produtiva das plantas; massa fresca, diâmetro, comprimento, formato, teor de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, pH, compostos fenólicos totais, flavonoides totais e a atividade antioxidante dos frutos. Em relação ao cultivar Douradão, a aplicação da CH (0,6%) aumenta, antecipa e concentra a florada das plantas. Além disto, o produto incrementa a frutificação efetiva e a produção. O FFN + NC e a CH promovem incrementos no conteúdo de polifenóis e da atividade antioxidante dos frutos, atributos de qualidade interessante ao consumo. A aplicação da CH promove aumento dos níveis de espermidina nas gemas vegetativas e floríferas das plantas do cultivar BRS Kampai, o que refletiu no aumento da brotação e do florescimento nos ramos das plantas. Entretanto, o tratamento com CH apresentou produção (kg planta-1 ) semelhante ao FFN + NC. A utilização de NC (4%) como indutor de brotação não promove aumento do florescimento e da produção de frutos dos dois cultivares de pessegueiro avaliados, em Botucatu – SP.
The low occurrence of cold during the winter harm the development of peach trees, providing to decrease in the plant yield. In these conditions, some compounds are necessary, as they induce sprouting on the plant branches. Many products can be used to induced sprout, however, there are few studies that showed its efficiency in peach trees. Furthermore, the action of this compounds in the plant’s metabolism are unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of peach cultivars induced to sprouting, and the effect to the compounds on the nitrogen compounds production on vegetative and reproductive buds of the plants, in Botucatu, state of São Paulo. In this study, we used 0.6% hydrogen cyanamide (HC); 2.5% foliar nitrogen fertilizer + 4% calcium nitrate (FNF + CN); 4% calcium nitrate (CN); and control. Were evaluated the peach cultivars Douradão, during two evaluation years (2017 and 2018), and BRS Kampai, during one evaluation year (2017). Furthermore, the following variables were evaluated: nitrogen compounds on vegetative and reproductive buds; flowering phenology; percentage of flowering, percentage of bud emergence, percentage of fruit fixation, number of fruits, production and efficiency per plant and yield; fresh weight, diameter, length, fruit shape, soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, sugar content, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids and the antioxidant activity of the fruits. For the Douradão cultivar, results showed that 0,6% HC increased, anticipated and concentrated the flowering of the plants; besides enhancing fruit set and production. The HC and FNF + CN increased in the contents of phenolic compounds in fruits and, consequently, their antioxidant activity, which are interesting attributes for fresh market consumption. The application of HC increased the levels of spermidine on vegetative and reproductive buds in the BRS Kampai cultivar. These results reflected in the increased on sprout and flowering percentage in the branches of the peach trees. However, the plants that received HC treatment showed production (kg tree-1 ) similar that the FNF + CN treatment. The CN treatment don’t promote increased on flowering percentage and production of fruits on both peach trees cultivars analyzed, in Botucatu, state of São Paulo.
The low occurrence of cold during the winter harm the development of peach trees, providing to decrease in the plant yield. In these conditions, some compounds are necessary, as they induce sprouting on the plant branches. Many products can be used to induced sprout, however, there are few studies that showed its efficiency in peach trees. Furthermore, the action of this compounds in the plant’s metabolism are unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of peach cultivars induced to sprouting, and the effect to the compounds on the nitrogen compounds production on vegetative and reproductive buds of the plants, in Botucatu, state of São Paulo. In this study, we used 0.6% hydrogen cyanamide (HC); 2.5% foliar nitrogen fertilizer + 4% calcium nitrate (FNF + CN); 4% calcium nitrate (CN); and control. Were evaluated the peach cultivars Douradão, during two evaluation years (2017 and 2018), and BRS Kampai, during one evaluation year (2017). Furthermore, the following variables were evaluated: nitrogen compounds on vegetative and reproductive buds; flowering phenology; percentage of flowering, percentage of bud emergence, percentage of fruit fixation, number of fruits, production and efficiency per plant and yield; fresh weight, diameter, length, fruit shape, soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, sugar content, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids and the antioxidant activity of the fruits. For the Douradão cultivar, results showed that 0,6% HC increased, anticipated and concentrated the flowering of the plants; besides enhancing fruit set and production. The HC and FNF + CN increased in the contents of phenolic compounds in fruits and, consequently, their antioxidant activity, which are interesting attributes for fresh market consumption. The application of HC increased the levels of spermidine on vegetative and reproductive buds in the BRS Kampai cultivar. These results reflected in the increased on sprout and flowering percentage in the branches of the peach trees. However, the plants that received HC treatment showed production (kg tree-1 ) similar that the FNF + CN treatment. The CN treatment don’t promote increased on flowering percentage and production of fruits on both peach trees cultivars analyzed, in Botucatu, state of São Paulo.
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Prunus persica (L.) Batsch., Indução de brotação, Cianamida hidrogenada, Dormex, Fertilizante foliar nitrogenado, Erger, Nitrato de cálcio, Aminas biogênicas, Triptofano, Compostos nitrogenados, Qualidade de frutos, Compostos bioativos