Capacidade de suporte ambiental de propriedade rural produtora de pescado na região de Mata Atlântica no Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo
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Data
2023-06-28
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os estudos da capacidade de suporte ambiental são ferramentas modernas e úteis para
estabelecer medidas e cenários confiáveis na implantação e gerenciamento de empreendimentos
aquícolas, visando promover a sustentabilidade dos recursos naturais e gestão do capital natural.
Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a capacidade de suporte ambiental
(CSAp) baseada no lançamento de fósforo total (P) em uma represa rural na região de Mata
Atlântica, no Vale do Ribeira, município de Sete Barras, São Paulo. Foram analisados diferentes
cenários de temperatura da água e teor de fósforo na alimentação de peixes, a fim de determinar
a produção máxima de pescado que pode ser sustentada em conformidade com os limites
impostos pela capacidade de carga ambiental em relação ao P na água. Para atingir esse
objetivo, foram coletados dados referentes à carga máxima da represa rural, produção máxima
de peixes, retenção e liberação de fósforo na água. Com base nesses dados, estabelecemos três
cenários com diferentes temperaturas da água (21°C, 25°C e 29°C) e teores de 0,8% de P total
e 0,49% de P-digestível na ração. A produção máxima de pescado foi calculada para cada
cenário, levando em consideração os limites impostos pela capacidade de carga ambiental em
relação ao P na água. Adicionalmente, foram analisadas as quantidades de fósforo retidas nos
peixes e lançadas na água, a fim de avaliar os potenciais impactos ambientais oriundos da
piscicultura. Os resultados mostraram que a carga máxima de fósforo que a represa rural suporta
ao ano é de aproximadamente 445 kg de P na água. Além disso, os resultados indicaram que,
para manter o ambiente aquático dentro dos limites da CSAp, é possível produzir de 36 até 56
toneladas por hectare de tilápia por ano, considerando as temperaturas de 21°C a 29°C. Foi
observado que a produção de O. niloticus em diferentes temperaturas da água pode reduzir em
até 65% o lançamento de fósforo no ambiente aquático, resultando no incremento da capacidade
de suporte ambiental. Esses achados fornecem novos limites e informações para a compreensão
da CSAp, permitindo a implementação de práticas sustentáveis em represas rurais com
produção de pescado em baixa escala realizada na região do Vale do Ribeira, na Mata Atlântica,
ou em condições similares.
Environmental carrying capacity studies serve as modern and useful tools to establish reliable measures and scenarios for implementing and managing aquaculture ventures, aiming to promote the sustainability of natural resources. In this context, the objective of this study was to assess the environmental carrying capacity (CSAp) based on the release of total phosphorus (P) in a rural reservoir. Specifically, different scenarios of water temperature and phosphorus content in fish feed were analyzed to determine the maximum fish production that can be sustained within the limits imposed by the environmental carrying capacity regarding waterborne P. To achieve this objective, data related to the maximum reservoir load, maximum fish production, and retention and release of phosphorus in the water were collected. Based on these data, three scenarios were established with different water temperatures (21°C, 25°C, and 29°C) and phosphorus contents of 0.8% total P and 0.49% digestible P in the feed. The maximum fish production was calculated for each scenario, considering the limits imposed by the environmental carrying capacity regarding waterborne P. Additionally, the amounts of phosphorus retained in the fish and released into the water were analyzed to assess the potential environmental impacts of fish farming. The results showed that the maximum phosphorus load that the rural reservoir can support annually is approximately 445 kg of total phosphorus in the water. Furthermore, the results indicated that, to maintain the aquatic environment within the limits of the CSAp, it is possible to produce between 36 and 56 tons of tilapia per hectare per year, considering temperatures ranging from 21°C to 29°C. It was observed that the production of O. niloticus at different water temperatures can reduce phosphorus release into the aquatic environment by up to 65%, thereby increasing the environmental carrying capacity. These findings provide new limits and insights for understanding the CSAp, enabling the implementation of sustainable practices in small-scale fish farming in rural reservoirs in the Vale do Ribeira region of the Atlantic Forest or under similar conditions.
Environmental carrying capacity studies serve as modern and useful tools to establish reliable measures and scenarios for implementing and managing aquaculture ventures, aiming to promote the sustainability of natural resources. In this context, the objective of this study was to assess the environmental carrying capacity (CSAp) based on the release of total phosphorus (P) in a rural reservoir. Specifically, different scenarios of water temperature and phosphorus content in fish feed were analyzed to determine the maximum fish production that can be sustained within the limits imposed by the environmental carrying capacity regarding waterborne P. To achieve this objective, data related to the maximum reservoir load, maximum fish production, and retention and release of phosphorus in the water were collected. Based on these data, three scenarios were established with different water temperatures (21°C, 25°C, and 29°C) and phosphorus contents of 0.8% total P and 0.49% digestible P in the feed. The maximum fish production was calculated for each scenario, considering the limits imposed by the environmental carrying capacity regarding waterborne P. Additionally, the amounts of phosphorus retained in the fish and released into the water were analyzed to assess the potential environmental impacts of fish farming. The results showed that the maximum phosphorus load that the rural reservoir can support annually is approximately 445 kg of total phosphorus in the water. Furthermore, the results indicated that, to maintain the aquatic environment within the limits of the CSAp, it is possible to produce between 36 and 56 tons of tilapia per hectare per year, considering temperatures ranging from 21°C to 29°C. It was observed that the production of O. niloticus at different water temperatures can reduce phosphorus release into the aquatic environment by up to 65%, thereby increasing the environmental carrying capacity. These findings provide new limits and insights for understanding the CSAp, enabling the implementation of sustainable practices in small-scale fish farming in rural reservoirs in the Vale do Ribeira region of the Atlantic Forest or under similar conditions.
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Palavras-chave
Aquicultura sustentável, Capacidade de suporte, Economia circular, Resíduos aquícolas, Sustainable aquaculture, Carry capacity, Circular economy, Fish farm waste