Tratamentos de sementes em soja e a influência em condições de défice hídrico
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2023-04-14
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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A interação entre tratamentos de sementes e o metabolismo devido ao estresse hídrico necessita ser melhor compreendida na cultura da soja. Sob a hipótese de que sementes tratadas atenuam os efeitos do estresse hídrico em fase inicial do estabelecimento de plantas e influenciam os componentes de produção e a qualidade das sementes, objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho de sementes de soja semeadas com diferentes tratamentos de sementes, cultivadas a campo em ambiente com e sem irrigação. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial, com dois cultivares de soja (Foco IPRO e Aporé IPRO), seis tratamentos de sementes e dois ambientes de cultivo (irrigado e sequeiro), repetidos em cinco blocos. Foram avaliados a campo o estande inicial de plântulas, assim como a velocidade de estabelecimento de plântulas. Posteriormente, foram avaliados os componentes de produção como a altura de plantas, altura da inserção da primeira vagem, número de grãos, número de vagens, massa de cem grãos e produtividade. Em laboratório foram avaliados o potencial fisiológico mensurados através dos testes de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência, condutividade elétrica, envelhecimento acelerado, comprimento e massa seca de plântulas e tetrazólio. A partir dos resultados obtidos afirma-se que as condições de umidade do solo em condições adequadas permitem o rápido estabelecimento de plantas sem grandes oscilações comportamentais como o ocorrido no ambiente de sequeiro. A suplementação de água em decorrência de défice hídrico, incrementa todos os componentes de produção, independente da característica genética da cultivar. Os tratamentos a base de Bacillus subtillis + Bacillus megaterium e a base de CoMo, P2O5, N e K2O são os que apresentam maiores impactos na produtividade. A utilização de bioestimulantes promove maior resistência ao défice hídrico, além de proporcionar proteção à planta, o que demonstra capacidade de suporte em períodos de défice hídrico em início de cultivo. O desempenho e metabolismo das sementes variam entre cultivares, embora o ambiente, manejo e as condições de cultivo também tenham influência na tomada de decisão de produção de sementes de qualidade.
The interaction between different chemical treatments of seeds and the relationship with water stress metabolism needs to be better understood in the soybean crop. Under the hypothesis that treated seeds attenuate the effects of water stress in the initial phase of plant establishment and influence the production components and seed quality, the objective was to evaluate the performance of soybean seeds sown with different treatments of chemical seeds. and biological, cultivated in the field in an environment with and without irrigation. The design was in randomized blocks in a factorial scheme, with two soybean cultivars (Foco IPRO and Aporé IPRO) and six seed treatments cultivated in two cultivation environments (irrigated and rainfed), replications in five blocks. In the field, the initial seedling stand was evaluated, followed by plant height, height of insertion of the first pod, number of grains, number of pods, weight of one hundred grains and productivity. In the laboratory, physiological tests of germination, first germination count, emergence, emergence speed index, electrical conductivity, accelerated aging, length and dry mass of seedlings and tetrazolium were evaluated. Based on the results obtained, it can be stated that soil moisture conditions in adequate conditions allow the rapid establishment of plants without large behavioral oscillations as occurred in the rainfed environment. Under irrigated conditions, there is better use and increment in all evaluated production components, regardless of the genetic trait of the cultivar. The treatments based on Bacillus subtillis + Bacillus megaterium and based on CoMo, P2O5, N and K2O are the ones that present the greatest productivity stimuli, regardless of the cultivar used. However, when evaluating the physiological parameters for the production of quality seeds, contradictory results were found. The use of biostimulants promotes greater resistance to water deficit, in addition to providing protection to the plant, which demonstrates support capacity in periods of water deficit at the beginning of cultivation. The performance and metabolism of seeds vary between cultivars, although the environment, management and growing conditions have also influenced the decision to produce quality seeds.
The interaction between different chemical treatments of seeds and the relationship with water stress metabolism needs to be better understood in the soybean crop. Under the hypothesis that treated seeds attenuate the effects of water stress in the initial phase of plant establishment and influence the production components and seed quality, the objective was to evaluate the performance of soybean seeds sown with different treatments of chemical seeds. and biological, cultivated in the field in an environment with and without irrigation. The design was in randomized blocks in a factorial scheme, with two soybean cultivars (Foco IPRO and Aporé IPRO) and six seed treatments cultivated in two cultivation environments (irrigated and rainfed), replications in five blocks. In the field, the initial seedling stand was evaluated, followed by plant height, height of insertion of the first pod, number of grains, number of pods, weight of one hundred grains and productivity. In the laboratory, physiological tests of germination, first germination count, emergence, emergence speed index, electrical conductivity, accelerated aging, length and dry mass of seedlings and tetrazolium were evaluated. Based on the results obtained, it can be stated that soil moisture conditions in adequate conditions allow the rapid establishment of plants without large behavioral oscillations as occurred in the rainfed environment. Under irrigated conditions, there is better use and increment in all evaluated production components, regardless of the genetic trait of the cultivar. The treatments based on Bacillus subtillis + Bacillus megaterium and based on CoMo, P2O5, N and K2O are the ones that present the greatest productivity stimuli, regardless of the cultivar used. However, when evaluating the physiological parameters for the production of quality seeds, contradictory results were found. The use of biostimulants promotes greater resistance to water deficit, in addition to providing protection to the plant, which demonstrates support capacity in periods of water deficit at the beginning of cultivation. The performance and metabolism of seeds vary between cultivars, although the environment, management and growing conditions have also influenced the decision to produce quality seeds.
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Produtividade, Desempenho de plântulas, Nutrientes, Yield, Initial establishment, Nutrients