Search for fundamental physics on table top experiments with dirac-weyl materials
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2019-03-29
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Understanding nature's deepest secrets is the ultimate goal of Particle Physics. Leaving gravity aside, the fundamental interactions among the basic degrees of freedom in the celebrated Standard Model are elegantly described through gauge symmetry arguments via exchange of bosons. A natural unification of the electromagnetic and weak interactions, as two features of the same electroweak interaction, is the cornerstone of Particle Physics. Higgs mechanism and the corresponding boson have been recently discovered at the Large Hadron Collider. Special consideration deserves the description of strong interactions in this field. These are responsible for maintaining the nuclei together and exhibit two opposite and complementary features, namely, asymptotic freedom at large energies, contrasted in the low-energy regime with a highly non-linear behavior which, among other things, via the emergent phenomena of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking and confinement, explains the origin of 98% of the mass of the visible Universe. Many of these features have been and continue being tested in several colliders and other intricate experiments around the globe which along several decades have scaled both in energy and precision measurements. Efforts to make further progress in this field necessarily involve the participation in large collaborations of theorist and experimentalists which, besides the budget restrictions, have to disentangle complicated signals in huge machinery and data storage to detect ephemeral signals of new phenomena. On the other hand, material science is experiencing a tremendous revolution ever since the first isolation of graphene flakes and the consequent emergence of a variety of 2D materials in which the collective excitation resemble the behavior of quarks and leptons at high energies inasmuch as their dispersion relations are linear at low energies. A number of relativistic effects are enhanced up to two orders of magnitude in such systems, and thus become natural candidates to explore several aspects of fundamental physics. In this chapter, we describe the scenarios where important features of quantum chromodynamics can be highlighted with Dirac-Weyl Materials, presenting a dictionary where the different parameters can be recognized in one or the other system. Among others, the traits of confinement and chiral symmetry breaking are discussed and new phenomena proposals like the pseudo-chiral magnetic effect are discussed. The possibility to manipulate pseudospin gives the opportunity to test some particle physics phenomena in table top experiments, and, at the same time, realize new effects in condensed matter environments.
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Handbook of Graphene, v. 8, p. 431-466.
