Direct Analysis of Doping Agents in Raw Urine Using Hydrophobic Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry
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In this study, the direct analysis of doping agents in urine samples with no sample preparation by a modified paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) methodology has been demonstrated for the first time. We have described a paper surface treatment with trichloromethylsilane using a gas-phase reaction to increase the ionization of target compounds. This approach was applied for the analysis of two classes of banned substances in urine samples: anabolic agents (trenbolone and clenbuterol) and diuretics (furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide). Under optimized conditions, the developed methods presented satisfactory repeatability, and an analysis of variance showed linearity without lack-of-fit. Highly sensitive detections as low as sub-nanogram per milliliter levels, which is below the minimum required performance levels proposed by the World Anti-Doping Agency, have been reached using the hydrophobic PS-MS analysis without any preconcentration and cleanup step.
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anabolic agent, analytical methods, diuretic, doping, paper modification, paper spray ionization
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Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, v. 31, n. 6, p. 1212-1222, 2020.
