Human chromosome telomeres

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dc.contributor.authorBarbé-Tuana, Florencia
dc.contributor.authorGrun, Lucas Kich
dc.contributor.authorPierdoná, Vinícius
dc.contributor.authorde Oliveira, Beatriz Cristina Dias [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorPaiva, Stephany Cacete [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorShiburah, Mark Ewusi [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorda Silva, Vítor Luiz [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorMorea, Edna Gicela Ortiz [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorFontes, Verônica Silva [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorCano, Maria Isabel Nogueira [UNESP]
dc.contributor.institutionPontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)
dc.contributor.institutionPUCRS
dc.contributor.institutionFederal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)
dc.contributor.institutionUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
dc.date.accessioned2023-07-29T14:02:51Z
dc.date.available2023-07-29T14:02:51Z
dc.date.issued2021-06-07
dc.description.abstractTelomeres are specialized sequences at the end of linear chromosomes. Its conserved structure and function among eukaryotic cells suggest important evolutionary functions. Telomere dynamics play major roles in chromosomal integrity, stability, cellular replication and aging, performing crucial genome protective functions. In the majority of somatic cells, telomeres shorten in each round of cell replication. Whereas short telomeres are a trigger for apoptosis, accelerated attrition is a hallmark of aging, present in senescent and tumoral cells. Compensation for erosion in germinal and progenitor cells is accomplished by the telomerase enzyme, composed of a catalytic (TERT) and a RNA template (TR) subunits. Telomerase activity is tightly controlled with reactivation central for tumoral transformation. Clinical evidence suggests that telomeres' shortening that causally contributes to the establishment of specific progeria syndromes phenotypes are telomeropathies. In other cases, aging is accompanied by an abrupt telomere shortening in the context of chronic diseases, proposing telomeres length as an important biological pace marker for progression of various pathologies and aging. Because cancer cells reactivate TERT to compensate for telomeric loss, in the last decades, telomerase and the telomeres biology field have been subject to intense research in search for therapeutical targets for cancer. This chapter mainly focuses on basic telomere description and synthesis accomplished by the reverse transcriptase telomerase and its regulation. A final section addresses the understanding of telomeres in health and its contribution to cancer with therapeutic potentials for targeted inhibition.en
dc.description.affiliationPostgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology School of Health Sciences and Life Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)
dc.description.affiliationLaboratory of Immunobiology School of Sciences Life and Health PUCRS
dc.description.affiliationPostgraduate Program in Pediatrics and Child Health School of Medicine Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)
dc.description.affiliationPostgraduate Program: Biochemistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)
dc.description.affiliationDepartment of Chemical and Biological Sciences Biosciences Institute Sao Paulo State University
dc.description.affiliationUnespDepartment of Chemical and Biological Sciences Biosciences Institute Sao Paulo State University
dc.format.extent207-243
dc.identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73151-9_7
dc.identifier.citationHuman Genome Structure, Function and Clinical Considerations, p. 207-243.
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/978-3-030-73151-9_7
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85118979361
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11449/249116
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofHuman Genome Structure, Function and Clinical Considerations
dc.sourceScopus
dc.subjectAging
dc.subjectCancer, senescence, Shelterin complex
dc.subjectTelomerase
dc.subjectTelomeres
dc.subjectTelomeropathies, TERT, TERRA
dc.titleHuman chromosome telomeresen
dc.typeCapítulo de livro

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