Avaliação dos impactos às atividades das cooperativas de catadores de materiais reutilizáveis e recicláveis em decorrência da Covid-19: estudo de caso no município de Bauru - SP
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2023-12-15
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Nos últimos anos a atividade de reciclagem se fortaleceu, não só sob a ótica econômica, mas também pela importância e benefícios ambientais associados à reciclagem, uma vez que ela evita uma série de problemas até para o processo produtivo. Por outro lado, com a pandemia de COVID-19, em 2020, foram acarretados inúmeros problemas de cunho econômico e social, no mundo e no Brasil. Diversos fatores contribuíram para esse cenário, tais como fechamento de atividades não essenciais, queda do consumo, colapso da saúde pública e aumento do desemprego. Esta pesquisa objetivou identificar os impactos decorrentes da COVID-19 nas atividades de catadores associados à cooperativas de materiais reutilizáveis e recicláveis do município de Bauru, quanto a sua situação socioeconômica e de saúde. A pesquisa exploratória realizada a partir de entrevistas estruturadas com os gestores de cooperativas e seus membros, permitiu a caracterização da infraestrutura e dos processos produtivos das cooperativas, investigação do perfil socioeconômico de seus membros e da percepção do impacto gerado pela pandemia de COVID-19. A partir do uso do questionário Self-Report-Questionnaire (SRQ-20) foi também avaliado o indício de transtorno mental comum (TMC) dos membros das cooperativas. Entre os resultados mais significativos dessa pesquisa verificou-se que das três cooperativas analisadas, as duas que apresentaram as condições de infraestrutura mais precárias foram aquelas em que os cooperados experimentaram as maiores quedas de renda durante a pandemia. Apenas nessas cooperativas foram observadas respostas positivas quanto à TMC por parte de seus membros. Vale ressaltar que, embora os percentuais de catadores com TMC não sejam elevados, existem sintomas recorrentes que impactam esses trabalhadores em três das dimensões avaliadas a partir desse instrumento, a saber: humor deprimido – ansioso, sintomas somáticos e decréscimo de energia vital.
In recent years, recycling activities have strengthened not only due to their economic benefits but also because of the increasing importance of environmental issues worldwide. The environmental benefits associated with recycling can manifest in various dimensions, as it prevents a range of problems, even within the production process. However, with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, numerous economic and social problems emerged globally and in Brazil. Factors such as the closure of non-essential activities, decreased consumption, public health system collapse, and increased unemployment contributed to this scenario. This research aimed to investigate the situation of waste pickers in recycling cooperatives in the municipality of Bauru. The exploratory research conducted through structured interviews with cooperative managers and their members allowed for the characterization of the infrastructure and production processes of the cooperatives. It also delved into the socio-economic profile of their members and the perception of the impact generated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20), the research also assessed the indication of common mental disorders (CMD) among cooperative members. Among the most significant findings of this research, it was observed that, of the three cooperatives analyzed, the two with the most precarious infrastructure conditions were the ones where members experienced the greatest income drops during the pandemic. Only in these cooperatives were positive responses regarding CMD observed among their members. It is worth noting that, although the percentages of waste pickers with CMD are not high, there are recurring symptoms affecting these workers in three of the dimensions evaluated through this instrument, namely: depressed anxious mood, somatic symptoms, and decreased vital energy
In recent years, recycling activities have strengthened not only due to their economic benefits but also because of the increasing importance of environmental issues worldwide. The environmental benefits associated with recycling can manifest in various dimensions, as it prevents a range of problems, even within the production process. However, with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, numerous economic and social problems emerged globally and in Brazil. Factors such as the closure of non-essential activities, decreased consumption, public health system collapse, and increased unemployment contributed to this scenario. This research aimed to investigate the situation of waste pickers in recycling cooperatives in the municipality of Bauru. The exploratory research conducted through structured interviews with cooperative managers and their members allowed for the characterization of the infrastructure and production processes of the cooperatives. It also delved into the socio-economic profile of their members and the perception of the impact generated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20), the research also assessed the indication of common mental disorders (CMD) among cooperative members. Among the most significant findings of this research, it was observed that, of the three cooperatives analyzed, the two with the most precarious infrastructure conditions were the ones where members experienced the greatest income drops during the pandemic. Only in these cooperatives were positive responses regarding CMD observed among their members. It is worth noting that, although the percentages of waste pickers with CMD are not high, there are recurring symptoms affecting these workers in three of the dimensions evaluated through this instrument, namely: depressed anxious mood, somatic symptoms, and decreased vital energy
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Coleta de resíduos sólidos; Catadores; COVID-19, Materiais Reutilizáveis e Recicláveis, Self-Report-Questionnaire., Sólidos, Catadores, COVID-19, Materiais reutilizáveis, Recicláveis, Self-report-questionnaire.
Como citar
Maia, F. B.; Pinto. Avaliação dos impactos às atividades das cooperativas de catadores de materiais reutilizáveis e recicláveis em decorrência da COVID-19: estudo de caso no município de Bauru-SP. 2023. 74 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Civil e Ambiental) - Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Bauru, 2023.