Helmintos parasitos de anuros brasileiros
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Data
2022-09-22
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O Brasil é o país com a maior riqueza e diversidade de anfíbios, sendo conhecidas atualmente 1.206 espécies válidas. A ordem anura apresenta a maior riqueza com 1.162 espécies. Este grupo taxonômico apresenta uma grande diversidade morfológica e comportamental, sendo considerado importante bioindicador ambiental de áreas prioritárias para conservação. No que diz respeito a parasitologia de animais silvestres, estes hospedeiros são excelentes modelos, pois apresentam uma grande diversidade de habitats e de alimentação. Os anuros são hospedeiros frequentes para diversas espécies de platelmintos, nematoides e acantocéfalos. Apesar disso, o estudo parasitológico desses organismos ainda é incipiente, sendo que aproximadamente 92% das espécies ainda não foram estudadas quanto a sua helmintofauna. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo inventariar a diversidade de helmintos parasitos de anuros em oito estados brasileiros, considerando as análises morfológicas, moleculares e as relações filogenéticas desses parasitos. Durante os anos de 2017 a 2021 foram coletados helmintos de 50 espécies de anuros das famílias: Bufonidae, Hemiphractidae, Hylidae, Hylodidae, Leptodactylidae, Microhylidae e Phyllomedusidae. Foi coletado um total de 28.787 espécimes de helmintos. Destes, 25.172 espécimes representantes de 50 taxa do filo Nematoda, 2.671 espécimes de 10 taxa da classe Trematoda, 64 espécimes de dois taxa da classe Cestoda, 67 espécimes de um taxon do subclasse Acanthocephala e 16 espécimes pertencentes a um taxon da classe Monogenea. Até o presente momento, 15 novas espécies de helmintos foram registradas: 14 espécies de Nematoda e uma espécie de Trematoda. A diversidade de helmintos parasitas deste estudo evidencia a necessidade de se intensificar o estudo da diversidade e análises filogenéticas desses parasitas.
Brazil is the country with the greatest richness and diversity of amphibians, with 1,206 valid species currently known. The anura order has the highest richness with 1,162 species. This taxonomic group presents a great morphological and behavioral diversity, being considered an important environmental bioindicator of priority areas for conservation. Regarding the parasitology of wild animals, these hosts are excellent models, as they present a great diversity of habitats and food. Anurans are frequent hosts for several species of flatworms, nematodes and acanthocephalans. Despite this, the parasitological study of these organisms is still incipient, and approximately 92% of the species have not yet been studied for their helminth fauna. In this context, the present work aimed to inventory the diversity of helminth parasites of anurans in eight Brazilian states, considering the morphological and molecular analyzes and the phylogenetic relationships of these parasites. From 2017 to 2021, helminths were collected from 50 frog species belonging to the families: Bufonidae, Hemiphractidae, Hylidae, Hylodidae, Leptodactylidae, Microhylidae, and Phyllomedusidae. A total of 28,787 helminth specimens were collected. Of these, 25,172 specimens representing 50 taxa of the phylum Nematoda, 2,671 specimens of 10 taxa of the class Trematoda, 64 specimens of two taxa of the class Cestoda, 67 specimens of a taxon of the subclass Acanthocephala and 16 specimens belonging to a taxon of the class Monogenea. To date, 15 new species of helminths have been recorded: 14 species of Nematoda and one species of Trematoda. The diversity of helminth parasites in this study highlights the need to intensify the study of the diversity and phylogenetic analysis of these parasites.
Brazil is the country with the greatest richness and diversity of amphibians, with 1,206 valid species currently known. The anura order has the highest richness with 1,162 species. This taxonomic group presents a great morphological and behavioral diversity, being considered an important environmental bioindicator of priority areas for conservation. Regarding the parasitology of wild animals, these hosts are excellent models, as they present a great diversity of habitats and food. Anurans are frequent hosts for several species of flatworms, nematodes and acanthocephalans. Despite this, the parasitological study of these organisms is still incipient, and approximately 92% of the species have not yet been studied for their helminth fauna. In this context, the present work aimed to inventory the diversity of helminth parasites of anurans in eight Brazilian states, considering the morphological and molecular analyzes and the phylogenetic relationships of these parasites. From 2017 to 2021, helminths were collected from 50 frog species belonging to the families: Bufonidae, Hemiphractidae, Hylidae, Hylodidae, Leptodactylidae, Microhylidae, and Phyllomedusidae. A total of 28,787 helminth specimens were collected. Of these, 25,172 specimens representing 50 taxa of the phylum Nematoda, 2,671 specimens of 10 taxa of the class Trematoda, 64 specimens of two taxa of the class Cestoda, 67 specimens of a taxon of the subclass Acanthocephala and 16 specimens belonging to a taxon of the class Monogenea. To date, 15 new species of helminths have been recorded: 14 species of Nematoda and one species of Trematoda. The diversity of helminth parasites in this study highlights the need to intensify the study of the diversity and phylogenetic analysis of these parasites.
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Palavras-chave
Anfíbio, Parasitologia, Helmintofauna, Taxonomia, Biologia Molecular, Helmintos, Zoologia