Anti-Angiogenic Effects of the Superantigen Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Immunotherapy for Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

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dc.contributor.authorReis, Leonardo O.
dc.contributor.authorFerreira, Ubirajara
dc.contributor.authorBillis, Athanase
dc.contributor.authorCagnon, Valeria H. A.
dc.contributor.authorFavaro, Wagner J. [UNESP]
dc.contributor.institutionUniversidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
dc.contributor.institutionUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
dc.date.accessioned2014-05-20T15:33:23Z
dc.date.available2014-05-20T15:33:23Z
dc.date.issued2012-02-01
dc.description.abstractPurpose: We compared and characterized the effects of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin and/or staphylococcal enterotoxin B for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer.Materials and Methods: A total of 75 female Fisher 344 rats were anesthetized. of the rats 15 received 0.3 ml saline (control) and 60 received 1.5 mg/kg MNU (N-methyl-n-nitrosourea) intravesically every other week for 6 weeks. The rats were divided into 5 groups. The MNU and control groups received 0.3 ml saline. The bacillus Calmette-Guerin group received 10(6) cfu bacillus Calmette-Guerin. The staphylococcal enterotoxin B group received 10 mu g/ml staphylococcal enterotoxin B. The bacillus Calmette-Guerin plus staphylococcal enterotoxin B group received the 2 treatments simultaneously. Each group was treated intravesically for 6 weeks. At 15 weeks all bladders were collected for histopathological and immunological evaluation, and Western blot.Results: Papillary carcinoma (pTa) and high grade intraepithelial neoplasia (carcinoma in situ) were more common in the MNU group. Papillary hyperplasia was more common in the bacillus Calmette-Guerin and enterotoxin groups. Flat hyperplasia was more common in the bacillus Calmette-Guerin plus enterotoxin group. No significant toxicity was observed. The apoptosis and cellular proliferation indexes decreased in the bacillus Calmette-Guerin, enterotoxin and bacillus Calmette-Guerin plus enterotoxin groups compared to the MNU group. Intensified vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase-9, Ki-67 and insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 immunoreactivity was verified in the MNU group, moderate in the bacillus Calmette-Guerin and enterotoxin groups, and weak in the bacillus Calmette-Guerin plus enterotoxin and control groups. In contrast, intense endostatin immunoreactivity was verified in the control and bacillus Calmette-Guerin plus enterotoxin groups.Conclusions: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and staphylococcal enterotoxin B showed similar anti-angiogenic effects. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin plus enterotoxin treatment had additional activity compared to that of monotherapy. It was more effective in restoring apoptosis and balancing cellular proliferation, and it correlated with increased endostatin, and decreased vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase-9, Ki-67 and insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 reactivity.en
dc.description.affiliationUniv Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Dept Anat, Campinas, SP, Brazil
dc.description.affiliationUniv Estadual Campinas, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Campinas, SP, Brazil
dc.description.affiliationUniv Estadual Campinas, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Campinas, SP, Brazil
dc.description.affiliationUniv Estadual Paulista, Inst Biosci, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
dc.description.affiliationUnespUniv Estadual Paulista, Inst Biosci, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
dc.format.extent438-445
dc.identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2011.10.022
dc.identifier.citationJournal of Urology. New York: Elsevier B.V., v. 187, n. 2, p. 438-445, 2012.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.juro.2011.10.022
dc.identifier.issn0022-5347
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11449/42027
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000299070400016
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherElsevier B.V.
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Urology
dc.relation.ispartofjcr5.381
dc.relation.ispartofsjr2,297
dc.rights.accessRightsAcesso restrito
dc.sourceWeb of Science
dc.subjecturinary bladderen
dc.subjecturinary bladder neoplasmsen
dc.subjectBCG vaccineen
dc.subjectenterotoxin B, staphylococcalen
dc.subjectmethylnitrosoureaen
dc.titleAnti-Angiogenic Effects of the Superantigen Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Immunotherapy for Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Canceren
dc.typeArtigo
dcterms.licensehttp://www.elsevier.com/about/open-access/open-access-policies/article-posting-policy
dcterms.rightsHolderElsevier B.V.

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