Herbicide 2,4-D: A Review of Toxicity on Non-Target Organisms

Abstract

The intensive use of pesticides has increased exponentially in Brazil and worldwide due to the need to meet the food demands of a growing population. If the management/monitoring of the use of pesticides is adequately performed, it would not compromise the expected benefits or have negative effects on the environment as a whole. In order to examine the information available on herbicide use in Brazil and worldwide, this paper presents a review of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and its chemical properties, action on target organisms, environmental fate, and toxicity to non-target organisms. This herbicide is a synthetic auxin used to control broad-leaved weeds, and the action in target organisms is well known. Although 2,4-D has been widely used worldwide, many studies have shown that this herbicide induces alterations in non-target organisms. Therefore, ecotoxicology studies are important to assess the risk the herbicides can be to different ecosystems. Thus, it is advised to use this herbicide and other pesticides with caution.