Capacidade de disponibilização de macronutrientes de fertilizantes orgânicos no Vale do Ribeira
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Data
2023-07-11
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os preços dos fertilizantes químicos aumentaram mundialmente nos últimos anos, afetando a agricultura brasileira. Isso ocorreu devido a problemas como a pandemia da COVID-19, demanda global, guerra na Ucrânia e falta de investimentos na produção nacional. Os produtores têm buscado alternativas, como fertilizantes orgânicos, para reduzir os custos de produção. No Vale do Ribeira, os fertilizantes orgânicos são amplamente usados na cultura da banana. Este estudo compara quatro dos fertilizantes orgânicos mais utilizados na região em termos de valores e capacidades de fornecimento de macronutrientes, preenchendo uma lacuna de estudos comparativos existentes. O experimento foi conduzido uma propriedade rural denominada Fazenda Lagoa Nova, no município de Registro, Estado de São Paulo. Foram testados os tratamentos (T)/fertilizantes orgânicos: Cama e esterco de galinha poedeira (T1); composto termofílico de resíduos Orgânicos urbanos, industriais e Agroindustriais (T2); Composto de colágeno de couro bovino (T3); Cama e esterco de peru (T4). Os tratamentos foram colocados em sacos de TNT (tecido não tecido), e após serem identificados foram colocados ao solo, na área de adubação da bananeira. As coletas foram realizadas aos 32, 61 e 94 dias, e após esse período foram colocadas em estufa a 65°C por 24 horas, pesadas e levadas para análise. Os tratamentos apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os nutrientes. O fertilizante orgânico composto a base de colágeno de couro bovino pode ser utilizado na fase de crescimento inicial da planta e após o primeiro corte da cultura da banana, por disponibilizar mais N e S, de forma mais rápida que os demais, precisando ser complementado com P e K, enquanto os fertilizantes orgânicos a base de esterco ou cama de aviário podem ser utilizados nas demais fases, com liberação mais lenta, durante todo o ciclo.
In recent years the prices of chemical fertilizers have increased significantly worldwide, consequently interfering in Brazilian agriculture. This increase was due to problems such as the COVID-19 pandemic, global demand, the War in Ukraine and the lack of investments in increasing domestic production. As it is considered an indispensable input for agricultural production, the increase in the cost of fertilizers has significantly impacted the financial control of producers. In this way, producers have been looking for new alternatives to reduce the cost of production, and among them are organic fertilizers. In the Ribeira Valley, organic fertilizers are widely used in banana cultivation, and thus the present study involves four of the most used organic fertilizers in the region, in order to compare the macronutrient values, as well as the macronutrient supply capacities in each period since there are no comparative studies with the fertilizers studied. The objective of this work was to compare the availability capacities of macronutrients in a period of 90 days, in conditions of a banana plantation located in a rural property called Fazenda Lagoa Nova, in the municipality of Registro, State of São Paulo. The treatments used (Simple Organic Fertilizer, Class A (Bran), bed and laying hen manure; Organic Compound Fertilizer, Class B (Bran), Thermophilic composting of urban, industrial and agro-industrial organic waste; Organic Compound Fertilizer, Class B (powder ), bovine leather collagen; Simple Organic Fertilizer, Class A (Granulated), bed and turkey manure) were placed in TNT (non-woven fabric) bags, and after being identified they were placed on the ground, in the banana fertilization area . The collections were carried out at 32, 61 and 94 days, and then they were placed in an oven at 65°C for 24 hours, weighed and taken for analysis. The treatments showed significant differences between the variable nutrients. The organic fertilizer composed of bovine leather collagen can be used in the initial growth phase of the plant and, after the first cut of the banana crop, as it provides more N and S, more quickly than the others, needing to be supplemented with P and K, while organic fertilizers based on manure or poultry litter can be used in the other phases, with slower release, throughout the cycle.
In recent years the prices of chemical fertilizers have increased significantly worldwide, consequently interfering in Brazilian agriculture. This increase was due to problems such as the COVID-19 pandemic, global demand, the War in Ukraine and the lack of investments in increasing domestic production. As it is considered an indispensable input for agricultural production, the increase in the cost of fertilizers has significantly impacted the financial control of producers. In this way, producers have been looking for new alternatives to reduce the cost of production, and among them are organic fertilizers. In the Ribeira Valley, organic fertilizers are widely used in banana cultivation, and thus the present study involves four of the most used organic fertilizers in the region, in order to compare the macronutrient values, as well as the macronutrient supply capacities in each period since there are no comparative studies with the fertilizers studied. The objective of this work was to compare the availability capacities of macronutrients in a period of 90 days, in conditions of a banana plantation located in a rural property called Fazenda Lagoa Nova, in the municipality of Registro, State of São Paulo. The treatments used (Simple Organic Fertilizer, Class A (Bran), bed and laying hen manure; Organic Compound Fertilizer, Class B (Bran), Thermophilic composting of urban, industrial and agro-industrial organic waste; Organic Compound Fertilizer, Class B (powder ), bovine leather collagen; Simple Organic Fertilizer, Class A (Granulated), bed and turkey manure) were placed in TNT (non-woven fabric) bags, and after being identified they were placed on the ground, in the banana fertilization area . The collections were carried out at 32, 61 and 94 days, and then they were placed in an oven at 65°C for 24 hours, weighed and taken for analysis. The treatments showed significant differences between the variable nutrients. The organic fertilizer composed of bovine leather collagen can be used in the initial growth phase of the plant and, after the first cut of the banana crop, as it provides more N and S, more quickly than the others, needing to be supplemented with P and K, while organic fertilizers based on manure or poultry litter can be used in the other phases, with slower release, throughout the cycle.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Esterco, Lodo de esgoto, Cama de frango, Peru, Couro bovino, Manure, Sewage sludge, Chicken litter, Turkey, Beef hide
Como citar
ROSA JÚNIOR, Euclides Francisco da. Capacidade de disponibilização de macronutrientes de fertilizantes orgânicos no Vale do Ribeira. 2023. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Bacharelado em Engenharia Agronômica) - Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias do Vale do Ribeira, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Registro, 2023.