Neoichnology of mygalomorph spiders: Improving the recognition of spider burrows in the geological record

dc.contributor.authorNascimento, Diego Luciano [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorNetto, Renata Guimaraes
dc.contributor.authorIndicatti, Rafael Prezzi [UNESP]
dc.contributor.institutionUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
dc.contributor.institutionUniversidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
dc.contributor.institutionUnisinos Univ
dc.contributor.institutionInst Butantan
dc.date.accessioned2021-06-25T15:06:09Z
dc.date.available2021-06-25T15:06:09Z
dc.date.issued2021-06-01
dc.description.abstractThe female Mygalomorphae spiders are sedentary and long-lived organisms that spend most of their lives inside their burrows. Neoichnological studies provide relevant information that can help the recognition of these structures in paleosols. Body fossils of spiders are known since the Carboniferous and burrowing is a primitive behavior in Mygalomorphae spiders. However, trace fossils attributable to ground-dwelling spiders are still poorly documented in the geological record. In this work, we examine the burrows and burrowing behavior of Rachias intermedius Soares, 1944 (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Nemesiidae) in its natural environment and discuss the characteristics that can be used as ichnotaxobases for recognition of fossil spider burrows. Three major architectures, straight shaft with a terminal ovoid chamber, J-shaped winding shaft with the terminal chamber, and Y-shaped with a terminal teardrop-shaped chamber, are described and compared to morphologically similar ichnogenera, like Capayanichnus, Loloichnus, Macanopsis, and Psilonichnus. Differences in burrow shape and architecture are linked with the spider's sex and ontogenetic stage. Pedipalps, chelicerae, and fangs are used for soil excavation, forming a variety of burrow wall ornaments represented by delicate sub-horizontal parallel ridges, irregular knobby micro-relief surface with soil structures attached to the wall, rounded pits, and millimeter-scale vertical striations along the burrow length. A thick inorganic clay lining covers the inner burrow wall, a feature that has not been described for spider burrows yet. These characteristics allow distinguishing spider burrows from burrows produced by other soil-dwelling arthropods. They should be used for spider burrow recognition in paleosols, mainly the millimeter-scale vertical striations that had not been documented before. The data discussed herein improve the knowledge about spider burrowing behavior and the mechanism that play the main role in preserving these burrows' features in the fossil record.en
dc.description.affiliationSao Paulo State Univ Julio de Mesquita Filho, Inst Geosci & Exact Sci, Ave 24-A,1515, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
dc.description.affiliationUniv Estadual Campinas, Inst Geosci, BR-13083855 Campinas, SP, Brazil
dc.description.affiliationUnisinos Univ, Geol Grad Program, Ave Unisinos 950, BR-93022750 Sao Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
dc.description.affiliationInst Butantan, Lab Colecoes Zool, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
dc.description.affiliationUniv Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
dc.description.affiliationUnespSao Paulo State Univ Julio de Mesquita Filho, Inst Geosci & Exact Sci, Ave 24-A,1515, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
dc.description.affiliationUnespUniv Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
dc.description.sponsorshipConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
dc.description.sponsorshipFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
dc.description.sponsorshipIdCNPq: 303863/2016-1
dc.description.sponsorshipIdCNPq: 141062/2007-0
dc.description.sponsorshipIdFAPESP: FAPESP 2015/17632-5
dc.description.sponsorshipId: 2012/18287-1
dc.description.sponsorshipId: 2017/11985-9
dc.format.extent16
dc.identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103178
dc.identifier.citationJournal Of South American Earth Sciences. Oxford: Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd, v. 108, 16 p., 2021.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103178
dc.identifier.issn0895-9811
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11449/210366
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000654448700001
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherElsevier B.V.
dc.relation.ispartofJournal Of South American Earth Sciences
dc.sourceWeb of Science
dc.subjectContinental ichnology
dc.subjectNemesiidae
dc.subjectBurrow architecture
dc.subjectIchnogeny
dc.subjectPaleosol taphonomy
dc.titleNeoichnology of mygalomorph spiders: Improving the recognition of spider burrows in the geological recorden
dc.typeArtigo
dcterms.licensehttp://www.elsevier.com/about/open-access/open-access-policies/article-posting-policy
dcterms.rightsHolderElsevier B.V.
unesp.campusUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claropt
unesp.departmentZoologia - IBpt

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