Estado nutricional, produtividade e qualidade tecnológica da cultura da cana-de-açúcar adubada com fertilizante nitrogenado revestido
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Data
2022-06-29
Autores
Coutinho, Loriane Lourdes Guaresi
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Na produção de cana-de-açúcar diversos fatores podem interferir, sendo os fatores positivos de solo, clima e sanidades, fundamentais para respostas na forma de produtividade. Solos de textura arenosa com baixo teor de matéria orgânica, como ocorrem no Oeste Paulista, apresentam características físicas muito favoráveis para produção agrícola, no entanto, quimicamente apresentam limitações, que podem ser superadas com estratégias de adubação adequada. Mediante o grande potencial de utilização de fertilizantes nitrogenados com tecnologia de liberação do nutriente de forma diferenciada no sistema de produção de cana-de-açúcar, a presente proposta avaliará a resposta desta tecnologia na produção sucroenergético. A adubação nitrogenada na cana-de-açúcar é uma das premissas para atingir altas produtividades e sustentabilidade do sistema de produção. O presente estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da adubação nitrogenada com ureia revestida com polímero no estado nutricional das plantas, teores e fracionamento do nitrogênio no solo e, qualidade tecnológica e produtividade de colmos de cana-de-açúcar. O experimento foi realizado com a cultura da cana-de-açúcar, variedade RB86-7515, terceiro corte. O solo da área foi classificado como Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo, distrófico. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial (2x4)+1. Foram avaliadas duas fontes de nitrogênio (nitrato de amônio e ureia revestida com polímero) e quatro doses de nitrogênio (60, 90, 120 e 150 kg N ha-1) e um controle (sem nitrogênio). Os resultados foram submetidos a ANOVA, constatado significância, as médias das fontes de N foram comparadas entre si pelo teste F. Adotou-se significância a 1 e 5% de probabilidade. A adubação nitrogenada não influenciou os teores foliares de nitrogênio, fósforo potássio, cálcio e enxofre, o teor de amônio no solo na camada de 0 – 0,10 m, o número de colmos por metro linear, produção de colmos, a concentração de açúcar total recuperável por tonelada de cana e os teores de Brix, de Pol, de Pureza e de Fibra. Os teores foliares de magnésio apresentaram respostas diferenciadas em função das doses e fontes de nitrogênio. A adubação nitrogenada aumentou o teor de N-nítrico do solo na camada de 0-10 cm, com os maiores teores com a utilização de nitrato de amônio. A produtividade média de colmos aumentou com a adubação nitrogenada, até 92,6 t ha-1 com a dose de 74,3 kg ha-1 de N. A ureia revestida com polímero apresentou maior eficiência na produção de açúcar total recuperável por unidade de nitrogênio fornecida em relação ao nitrato de amônio. A ureia revestida com polímero apresentou características de fertilizante de eficiência aumentada, proporcionando maior produção de ATR por hectare com menor dose de nitrogênio em relação ao nitrato de amônio.
In the sugarcane production, several factors can interfere, being the positive factors of soil and climate, fundamental for answers in the form of productivity. Soils with a sandy texture with low organic matter content, as they occur in West of the São Paulo State, present very favorable physical characteristics for agricultural production, however, chemically they present limitations, which can be overcome with adequate fertilization strategies. Due to the great potential of using nitrogen fertilizers with technology to release the nutrient in a differentiated way in the sugarcane production system, the present proposal will evaluate the response of this technology in the sugarcane production. Nitrogen fertilization in sugarcane is one of the premises to achieve high productivity and sustainability of the production system. The present study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effect of nitrogen fertilization with polymer-coated urea on the nutritional status of plants, levels and fractionation of nitrogen in the soil, and technological quality and productivity of sugarcane stalks. The experiment was carried out with sugarcane, variety RB86-7515, third cut. The soil of the area was classified as Ultisol dystrophic. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with four replications, in a factorial scheme (2x4)+1. Two nitrogen sources (ammonium nitrate and polymer-coated urea) and four nitrogen rates (60, 90, 120 and 150 kg N ha-1) and a control (no nitrogen) were evaluated. The results were submitted to ANOVA, and significance was found, the means of the N sources were compared by the F test. Significance was adopted at 1 and 5% probability. Nitrogen fertilization did not influence the foliar contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and sulfur, the soil ammonium content in the 0 - 0.10 m layer, the number of stalks per linear meter, stalk production, sugar concentration total recoverable per ton of cane and the levels of Brix, Pol, Purity and Fiber. The foliar contents of magnesium showed different responses depending on the doses and sources of nitrogen. Nitrogen fertilization increased the N-nitric content of the soil in the 0-10 cm layer, with the highest levels with the use of ammonium nitrate. The average productivity of stems increased with nitrogen fertilization, up to 92.6 t ha-1 with a dose of 74.3 kg ha-1 of N. The polymer-coated urea showed greater efficiency in the production of total recoverable sugar per unit of nitrogen supplied in relation to ammonium nitrate. The polymer-coated urea showed increased efficiency fertilizer characteristics, providing higher ATR production per hectare with a lower nitrogen dose compared to ammonium nitrate.
In the sugarcane production, several factors can interfere, being the positive factors of soil and climate, fundamental for answers in the form of productivity. Soils with a sandy texture with low organic matter content, as they occur in West of the São Paulo State, present very favorable physical characteristics for agricultural production, however, chemically they present limitations, which can be overcome with adequate fertilization strategies. Due to the great potential of using nitrogen fertilizers with technology to release the nutrient in a differentiated way in the sugarcane production system, the present proposal will evaluate the response of this technology in the sugarcane production. Nitrogen fertilization in sugarcane is one of the premises to achieve high productivity and sustainability of the production system. The present study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effect of nitrogen fertilization with polymer-coated urea on the nutritional status of plants, levels and fractionation of nitrogen in the soil, and technological quality and productivity of sugarcane stalks. The experiment was carried out with sugarcane, variety RB86-7515, third cut. The soil of the area was classified as Ultisol dystrophic. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with four replications, in a factorial scheme (2x4)+1. Two nitrogen sources (ammonium nitrate and polymer-coated urea) and four nitrogen rates (60, 90, 120 and 150 kg N ha-1) and a control (no nitrogen) were evaluated. The results were submitted to ANOVA, and significance was found, the means of the N sources were compared by the F test. Significance was adopted at 1 and 5% probability. Nitrogen fertilization did not influence the foliar contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and sulfur, the soil ammonium content in the 0 - 0.10 m layer, the number of stalks per linear meter, stalk production, sugar concentration total recoverable per ton of cane and the levels of Brix, Pol, Purity and Fiber. The foliar contents of magnesium showed different responses depending on the doses and sources of nitrogen. Nitrogen fertilization increased the N-nitric content of the soil in the 0-10 cm layer, with the highest levels with the use of ammonium nitrate. The average productivity of stems increased with nitrogen fertilization, up to 92.6 t ha-1 with a dose of 74.3 kg ha-1 of N. The polymer-coated urea showed greater efficiency in the production of total recoverable sugar per unit of nitrogen supplied in relation to ammonium nitrate. The polymer-coated urea showed increased efficiency fertilizer characteristics, providing higher ATR production per hectare with a lower nitrogen dose compared to ammonium nitrate.
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Palavras-chave
Adubação, Dióxido de nitrogênio, Polímeros, Saccharum spp., Fertilizing, Nitrogen dioxide, Polymers