Trabalhos de Conclusão de Curso - IQ

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://hdl.handle.net/11449/132957

Navegar

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 34

Estudo fotocatalítico de filmes e pós de TiO2 e derivados
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2018) Iani, Isabela Marcondelli ; Bertochi, Maria Aparecida Zaghete ; Amoresi, Rafael Aparecido Ciola ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Not available
Estudo de parâmetros cinéticos e físico-químicos envolvidos na precipitação de difenilfosfinato de európio(III)
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2018) Santos, Leticia Bueno dos ; Cebim, Marco Aurélio ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Not available
Fenilpropanoides de folhas de Aristolochia warmingii Mast
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2018) Antonio, Paulo Vinícius Garcia de ; Nascimento, Isabele Rodrigues ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Not available
Efeito da dopagem e termo-oxidação nas propriedades estruturais, elétricas e ópticas de materiais híbridos siloxano-poliéter
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2017) Oliveira, Paulo Henrique Xavier de ; Santilli, Celso Valentim ; Palácio, Gustavo ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Not available
Ensino de funções exponenciais e logarítimicas: explorando a cinética Química e situações cotidianas
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2017) Costa, Guilherme Gonçalves ; Nascimento, Érica Regina Filletti ; Barrozo, Sidineia ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Not available
Carbono orgânico dissolvido e aldeídos na água de chuva de Araraquara
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2017) Fonseca, Fauller Henrique da ; Nogueira, Raquel Fernandes Pupo ; Campos, Maria Lúcia Arruda de Moura ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Not available
Resolução cinética enzimática em síntese orgânica: desenvolvimento de mini biorreatores
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2017) Januário, Gabriel Oliveira ; Milagre, Humberto Márcio Santos ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Not available
Novas bases para cálculos de estruturas eletrônicas e parâmetros espectroscópicos de compostos inorgânicos
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2017) Marchiori, Leonardo ; Cebim, Marco Aurélio ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Not available
Avaliação da geração de metano por biomassa anaeróbia utilizando surfactante como substrato
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2018) Shimura, Leonardo Gonçalves ; Pires, Lorena Oliveira ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Not available
Avaliação do consumo de substrato em diferentes meio suportes visando a biodessulfurização de biogás
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2016) Santos, Jessyka Lima ; Bevilaqua, Denise ; Palmieri, Mauricio Cesar ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
The growth of the atmospheric pollution is a big problem since the Industrial Revolution. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the atmospheric pollution has caused the death of more than 7 million people in the world in 2012. Nowadays, 88% of the world's energy demand is provided by fossil fuels. The biogas, a gas generated from the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter by bacteria, has been a great substituent, due to its renewable source of energy and less polluting. The presence of contaminants restricts the use of the biogas. Among them, the hydrogen sulfide, a toxic, corrosive and extremely flammable gas is included. One of the forms to remove the H2S is by biotrickling filters The biodessulfurization can be executed by chemolithotrofic bacteria that oxidizes sulfide or thiosulfate, which uses NO3- as electrons final acceptor and grows in anoxic conditions. This paper has scrutinized PET as a alternative support material to this technology, comparing its efficiency with the one obtained by polyurethane foam, aiming a more economic favorable technology. The reactors, with a useful volume of 3.17.10-3 m3 each, were operated for 40 days, in which happened 6 cycles (needed time for consuming the thiosulfate, it is consumed proportionally to the sulfide by the microbiota), the 3 firsts cycles with 2,5 g L-1 of sodium thiosulfate and 1,0 g L-1 of potassium nitrate and the last 3 ones with 5,0 g L-1 sodium thiosulfate and 2,0 g L-1 of potassium nitrate of concentration. The speed of consuming of thiosulfate observed in the reactor filled with PET was superior than the polyurethane foam in most of the monitored time, showing the medium consume of 1,22 g[S-S2O32-].m-3.h-1 and the PU de 1,12 g[S-S2O32-].m-3.h-1. In all of the monitored cycles the amount of sulfide produced was bigger than the amount of thiosulfate consumed and the medium factor of conversion of the thiosulfate to sulfate in PET 80,90 % and in PU 81,53 %. There was...
Estudo químico e atividade antirradicalar da fração acetato de etila das folhas de Actinocephalus divaricatus (Koern.) Sano (Eriocaulaceae)
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2016) Souza, Thaís Pezza de ; Santos, Lourdes Campaner dos ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
The Eriocaulaceae family has 1.400 species divided into 10 genera, with many plants being endemic in Brazil. One of these genera is the Actinocephalus, which until 2004 was a subsection of the genre Paepalanthus and, because of cladistic studies and morphological analyzes of several species, was elevated to genus Actinocephalus. Therefore this genus currently has 49 species and the specie studied in this work was Actinocephalus divaricatus. The aerial parts of A. divaricatus were separated into scapes, capitula and leaves. A methanolic extract was made with the leaves, and after a partition with wather and ethyl acetate was made and with the aqueous fraction a partition with n-butanol was made. The ethyl acetate fraction was studied, mainly due to its high yield, and then a fractioning in sephadex LH-20 was made. With the obtained fractions was made a TLC, providing the fraction 24 (1,5 mg) that, by presenting only one spot, was analyzed by NMR of 1H, and was identified like 6-hydroxy-7-methoxiquecertin (AdFa1). The fraction 12 (129,5 mg) was also obtained and was purified and separated by HPLC-PDA preparative, resulting in four other substances that, after analysis, were identified like being: 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (AdFa2), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (AdFa3) e 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid (AdFa4) and a flavonoid derivated from quercetin: 6-hydroxy-7-methoxyquercetin-3-O-β-D-glicopyranoside (AdFa5). With AdFa5 was made the quantification by HPLC-PDA, being determined in the sample 25,65 ± 0,43 mg g-1 of flavonoid (AdFa5) in the ethyl acetate fraction. In addition, the antiradicalar test was performed using standard gallic acid, which showed IC50 of 30,69 ± 4,9 μg mL-1, and with the standart quercetin, it showed a IC50 of 50,96 ± 5,6 μg mL-1, while the fraction IC50 was 440,66 ± 24,27 μg mL-1. The total phenol content in the ethyl acetate fraction was 274,61 μg mg-1, while the total flavonoids content was 13,14 μg mg-1 of ethyl...
Perfil químico de mudas de Inga marginata usadas em reflorestamento
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2016) Galavotti, Joana Souza Oliveira ; Cavalheiro, Alberto José ; Silva, Alene Côrtes de Queiroz e ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Inga marginata Willd., popularly known as ingá-feijão, is a native plant from Mata Atlântica (Atlantic Forest) found in all national territory. It is used for reforestation of riparian buffers, because of this plant's adaptive capacity in humid environment and waterlogged soil, and for urban reforestation. This work proposed the identification of the components present in the ethanolic extract from Inga marginata Willd. seedling's leaves through analytical technics such as liquid chromatography, mass spectroscopy, one and two-dimensional magnetic resonance, ultraviolet and infrared as well as comparing with the literature, which permitted clarify four flavonoids from the flavonols class: myricetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (C5), myricetin-3-O-(2'-O-galloyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (C10), quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (C9) and myricetin 4'-methylether-3-O-rhamnoside (C8). This is the first report in the C8 genus, since the C9 and C10 substances were firstly identified in Inga marginata seedling's leaves while the substance C5 had already been reported in leaves from the adult plant.
Desenvolvimento e validação de método analítico para estudo da remoção de sulfametoxazol e trimetoprima em águas residuárias após tratamento em biorreator anaeróbio de leito fixo ordenado
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2016) Cotrim, Nicole Maria Mendes Cuenca ; Gomes, Paulo Clairmont Feitosa de Lima ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
The occurrence, the destination and the effects of the drugs in environmental matrices has been studied recently. It points out, among these drugs, the antibiotics in sewers, surface waters and other environmental matrices. Amid them, the sulfamethoxazole (SMTX) and trimethoprim (TMP) are in the magnitude of ng L -1 and μg L -1. In this study it was developed and validated an analytical method, using online extraction in solid phase and high efficiency liquid chromatography attached on a mass spectrometer, to determinate the drugs SMTX and TMP in samples of lab-made sewer. The developed method was effective to determine the compositions of interest, bearing in mind the parameters of validation: selectivity, precision, detection and quantification limit and linearity. The method showed 75 to 500 ng L-1 of concentration. The analyses of variance were applied to prove linearity and the lack of verification in adjust of the mathematical model. It was obtained low limits between 25 e 75 ng L -1 of detection (LD) and quantification (LQ) for both of the analytes, respectively. The intra-dia precision was lower than 19% for both of the compounds in all levels of concentration. The method was applied for the determination of these analytes in affluent and effluent samples for evaluating the removal after treatment using ABFSB reactor.
Química computacional: um estudo multidisciplinar dentro das subáreas da química através do modelo de Hartree-Fock
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2016) Nicholson, Melany Isabel Garcia ; Feliciano, Gustavo Troiano ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Schrödinger's equation was a great advance in science at the time it was published, making it possible for quantum mechanics to develop and transform itself into a field of knowledge in which many researchers still work today. However, the Schrödinger method has its limitations, the most important one being the fact that is does not exactly resolve problems involving more than one electron. So, right after the publication of Erwin Schrödinger's work, another scientist, called Douglas R. Hartree, started working on a theoretical method in which he and another scientist called Vladimir Fock inserted approximations in a way as to allow the Schrödinger equation to be solved numerically. In the current work, the objective was to deepen and detail the Hartree-Fock method to then apply it to certain cases to see in which systems it would work and in which systems it would not, and then define the reasons for that behavior. In this way, the ionization energy and electron affinity were calculated for lithium, sodium and potassium, applying Koopmans' theorem to both of these situations. Calculations were also made to determine the bond distance for H2, N2 and O2, the ground state and dissociation energies for the H2 molecule and lastly, calculations were made to determine how the electrons distribute themselves in the N2 and O2 molecules, situation in which we tried to predict the fundamental state for these two molecules, with the possibilities being either singlet or triplet. We also studied, in a simplified way, the influence of different base sets for the ionization energy and electron affinity calculations, using the 6-31G and cc-pVTZ base sets. The results showed that the method worked well for the determination of the ionization energies for lithium, sodium and potassium, even though error cancelling occurs while the calculations are in process. In this manner, Koopmans' theorem can
Preparação de copolímeros PEG-PCL modificado com ácido fólico para liberação controlada de metotrexato
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2016) Brandt, João Victor ; Marques, Rodrigo Fernando Costa ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Several drugs have low solubility within the human body, decreasing its bioavailability. Currently, several liberation platforms have been studied in order to overcome this limitation. Among the carriers employed, functionalized block copolymers have the advantage of interacting with the drug both hydrophilic and hydrophobically. Thus, the study of these platforms is fundamental for the encapsulation of hydrophobic drugs, allowing a greater time of circulation in the organism. The efficiency of incorporation and controlled release is dependent on the size, morphology and interactions of the copolymer blocks. The study focused on the physico-chemical properties of these materials (colloidal stability and micelle size, polymer chain length and micelle-drug affinity) in order to obtain better incorporation results. The use of these carriers is promising in the development of drug delivery systems. The reduction of the side effects, due to the use of these carriers, will allow the patient a less aggressive and more efficient treatment, improving the quality of life. In this work, the formation of micelles of PEG-co-PCL diblock copolymers with and without folic acid functionalization with varying chain size was evaluated and the efficiency of methotrexate incorporation was evaluated. The synthetic method, in which the monomers were added in the presence of catalyst in an inert atmosphere to a round bottom flask, allowed obtainingsamples with low polydispersity index. The samples were characterized by several techniques, such as: infrared transmittance spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry andX-ray diffraction. The micellar stability determined from the influence of the pH and temperature on the zeta potential and the hydrodynamic diameter of the micelles, in which the micelles were not influenced by temperature and added at pH values close to 4...
Estudos de modelagem molecular de compostos bioativos frente ao receptor nicotínico de acetilcolina do subtipo alfa4beta2
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2016) Batista, Victor de Sousa ; Nascimento Júnior, Nailton Monteiro do ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are pentameric transmembrane ion channels located in the central nervous system (CNS) that open and allow the flow of some ions through the action of the endogenous neurotransmitter acetylcholine or exogenous molecules, such as nicotine. They are involved in several CNS disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, epilepsy, schizophrenia, among other highly debilitating diseases, as well as mediating the mechanism of nicotine addiction. Given the great number of diseases in which they are involved, it is clear the importance of the rational design of novel compounds that target them. The nAChRs present a great structural diversity, with several subunits that can be combined in different ways to form an ion channel with different properties. The nAChRs subtypes more expressed in the CNS are the α3β4, α7 and α4β2 subtypes, the latter being the focus of this work. Until recently, there were no defined crystallographic structures for nAChRs of the α4β2 subtype of the human species, so studies aimed for the planning of new drug candidates were performed using homology models that are not always able to predict the real interactions between the ligands and their receptor. With the recent elucidation of the receptor's three-dimensional crystal, the process of rational design of these bioactive substances becomes more effective. In this context, we used the crystallographic structure of α4β2 subtype nAChRs for molecular docking studies using the GOLD® program and a set of ligands obtained from the literature in order to better understand the interactions involved in the ligand-receptor complexes formed and evaluate the predictive capability of the computational model.
Desenvolvimento de métodos analíticos para determinação de sulfito livre em bebidas
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2015) Francisco, Karen Cristina Almeida ; Cardoso, Arnaldo Alves ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Filmes híbridos PMMA-siloxano modificados com nanotubos de carbono para proteção de materiais metálicos contra corrosão
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2012) Harb, Samarah Vargas ; Hammer, Peter ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Using the sol-gel process, organic-inorganic hybrid coatings were synthesized by incorporation of different concentrations of functionalized carbon nanotubes, to improve their mechanical strength and thermal resistance without changing its passivation character. The siloxane-PMMA hybrids were prepared by radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with 3-methacryloxipropiltrimethoxisilane (MPTS) using the thermal initiator benzoyl peroxide (BPO), followed by acid catalyzed hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). The analysis of pristine and functionalized carbon nanotubes was carried out using Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Raman Spectroscopy. Structural analysis of hybrids was performed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Atomic Force Microscopy and Raman Spectroscopy. For analysis of mechanical strength and thermal stability were performed mechanical compression tests and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy was used to evaluate the corrosion resistance in saline environment. The results showed an effective functionalization of carbon nanotubes with carboxyl groups and conservation of its structure. The hybrids showed high siloxane network connectivity and roughness of approximately 0.3 nm. The incorporation of carbon nanotubes in the hybrid matrix did not change significantly their thermal stability. Samples containing carbon nanotubes exhibit good corrosion resistance (on the order of MΩ in saline environment), but the lack of complete dispersion of carbon nanotubes in the hybrid, resulted in a loss of mechanical and corrosion resistance compared to hybrid matrix.
Desenvolvimento de sistema de análise para valerato de estradiol baseado em polímeros biomiméticos
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2011) Staboli, Thalita Maschk ; Sotomayor, Maria Del Pilar Taboada ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Abstracts : The development of analytic methods more selective and sensitive is of great importance for a better quality in the determination of chemical species, therefore increasing the reliability of the results. In this way, the optimization of separation/concentration is still necessary. The use of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers - MIPs have demonstrated to be an efficient tool of analysis with a great potential in minimizing limitations of separation/concentration techniques traditionally employed. In general, the MIPs are obtained by polymerization in the presence of a template to be imprinted so that a polymeric skeleton is formed around the future analyte. In the present work, the template used is Estradiol Valerate (EV), compound used in the hormone replacement therapy (HRT) during climacteric. After the polymerization in bulk and in an anaerobic environment using MAA, EGDMA, AIBN, acetonitrile and VE, the obtained MIP was powdered, sifted (<120 μm) and placed in a soxhlet system containing ethanol at 60 °C, in order to remove the imprinted molecule through six successive washes in periods of 24 hours. The water used in the washings was analyzed using HPLC and spectrophotometry UV/Vis. Then, the obtained MIP was dried at room temperature and 150 mg was inset in SPE cartridges in order to evaluate the polymer's efficiency in the analyte pre-concentration and extraction. To do so, 100,0 mL of VE standard solution (2mg L-1) were pre-concentrated at 4,0 mL min-1 and eluted with 10,0 mL ethanol at 1,0 mL min-1, obtaining recoveries of 53%. Additionally, a NIP (non-imprinting polymer) was prepared to compare the obtained results, in which the recovery was 80%. In the same way, studies were conducted using commercial Strata™-X cartridges, obtaining 53% recovery. Since, the results did not reflect that than was expected, in relation with the MIP efficiency in the recovery, a computational ...
Uma nova abordagem analítica sobre teores de 'Zn' por HR-CSAAS em plantas medicinais voltadas ao emagrecimento
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2011) Ishikawa, Fabio Genhiro ; Gomes Neto, José Anchieta ; Moraes, Mercedes de ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
The following research project deals with the development of new analytical procedures aimed at the identification and quantification of the element zinc in different fractions of vegetable drugs used for weight loss, using the high-resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry in flame. The determination of the levels of zinc was made in an AnalytikJena ContrAA 300 spectrometer in the principal line of Zn at 213.857 nm and wavelength integrated absorbance equal to 3 pixels. Calibration curves were obtained with linear dynamic range from 0.10 to 1.00 mg L-1, correlation coefficient equal to 0.9991 and limit of detection equal to 0.020 mg L-1. The total Zn content in the samples obtained after microwave-assisted acid digestion system were: 28.06 mg kg-1 (Artichoke), 31.49 mg kg-1 (Chamomile), 77.16 mg kg-1 (Gorse), 105.38 mg kg-1 (Horsetail), 32.37 mg kg-1 (Fennel) and 5.00 mg kg-1 (Senna). The extraction in aqueous environment assisted by microwave radiation produced extracts containing: 5.40 mg kg-1 (Artichoke), 10.65 mg kg-1 (Chamomile), 14.83 mg kg-1 (Gorse), 18.90 mg kg-1 (Horsetail), 7.80 mg kg-1 (Fennel), 3.24 mg kg-1 (Senna), corresponding to 19%, 34%, 19%, 18%, 24% and 64% of their total content of Zn, respectively. The amounts of Zn in the extracted samples from some plants indicate that this metal was strongly bounded to the plant's matrix. The sequential extraction using solvents and mixtures with different polarities (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, propanol, methanol, ethanol-water 1:1 (v/v), water) aimed the separation of different Zn containing species and water was considered the most efficient extractor. The Zn contents extracted were: 14.82 mg kg-1 (Artichoke), 16.82 mg kg-1 (Chamomile), 34.09 mg kg-1 (Gorse), 4.75 mg kg-1 (Senna), corresponding to 53% in the first two samples, 44% and 95% for the last two, respectively. It was observed that Zn is found complexed under

Navegar

Submissões Recentes