Rio Claro - IPBEN - Instituto de Pesquisa em Bioenergia
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PublicaçãoCapítulo de livro Methods for hemicellulose deconstruction aiming to xylose recovery: Recent progress and future perspectives(2022-08-18) Almeida, Sâmilla G. C.
; Silva, Veronica T. F. ; Souza, Jonas P. ; Prado, Cleiton D. ; Oliveira, Débora K. S. ; Silva, Débora D. V. ; Dussán, Kelly J. ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) Lignocellulosic biomass currently represents the most significant potential to produce biofuels and biochemical compounds because of its abundance and cost savings. For using these materials, pretreatment is one of the essential steps in the biomass conversion process. However, the physical and chemical barriers from the main constituents (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin) and their interactions form a hardheaded structure, creating a barrier to recover the fermentable sugars. Hemicellulose hydrolysis results in a xylose-rich hydrolysate that can be converted to high add-value chemicals, like xylitol. Each type of pretreatment will affect most downstream processes and represent a portion of the costs of the bioprocess. In this way, the selection of one pretreatment cost-effective and viable is a significant challenge. Moreover, each specific pretreatment will act differently in the lignocellulosic matrix; therefore, the choice must consider the configuration of the process used and the characteristics of the subsequent fermentation. This chapter aims to provide an overview and critically about hemicellulose deconstruction techniques aiming at xylose recovery, approach the perspectives, and show promising methods for disrupting the lignocellulosic matrix.PublicaçãoCapítulo de livro Brazilian efforts in technical analytical standards applied to the quality control of bioethanol(2018-01-01) Gandini Panegossi, Ana Carolina ; Sequine, Rodrigo ; Antoniosi, Luciana ; Imaculada Maintinguer, Sandra; Flumignan, Danilo Luiz ; Science and Technology ; Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) ; University of Araraquara The search for renewable energy sources, especially for bioethanol, has attracted a lot of attention from researchers, businesses, and governments, due to economic, geopolitical, and environmental reasons. In the global market, the demand for bioethanol is increasing and being stimulated by public policies aimed at the modernization of the global energy matrix through the use of alternative kinds of fuel derived from petroleum, and which lead to a reduction in CO2 emissions. To maintain the leading position in production and marketing, ethanol was formally introduced in the Brazilian energy matrix in 2005, by the federal law no. 11.097, and to ensure it is commercialized in a highly globalized and competitive market, quality and price are decisive. The quality of bioethanol in Brazil is supported by three federal agencies: the Brazilian Technical Standards Association (ABNT), responsible for technical standardization; the National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas, and Biofuels (ANP), responsible for the definition of standardized specifications and quality control; and the National Institute of Metrology, Quality, and Technology (Inmetro), responsible for metrology standards. In this paper, the fundamental aspects of bioethanol’s quality assurance through standardized specifications, the official technical standards analysis, the analytical methods and the certified reference materials from regulatory authorities have been minutely described. Quality control should be implemented in order to reduce the cost of non-quality products, increase product reliability, reduce the rates of nonconformities, and assuage the technical barriers to commercialization of ethanol worldwide.PublicaçãoCapítulo de livro Biohydrogen generation: Concepts and applications on brazilian agro-industrial wastewaters(2017-01-01) Rodrigues, Caroline V.; Santana, Kamili O. ; Pires, Lorena O. ; Brienzo, Michel ; Maintinguer, Sandra I. ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) ; Post-Graduation on Regional Development and Environment - Araraquara Some agro-industries activities, such as biodiesel, ethanol, citrus, and cassava production represent a significant share of the Brazilian economy. Associated with these productions, large amounts of wastewater are generated from these processes, representing a serious environmental risk. The waste conversion into energy, such as hydrogen, is considered a promising alternative to overcome organic waste accumulation. Cassava is a native plant from South America and it can be used to produce starch and flour and both processes generate solid and liquid wastes with bioenergy potential. The bagasse produced during the starch process can be used as a substrate by anaerobic microorganisms for the production of value added products, such as organic acids and ethanol, for example. The starch process generates a kind of wastewater that is rich in organic matter however, its discharge in a water body without pretreatment causes a serious drop in the oxygen levels, representing a polluting potential that can be a dramatic threat to the local fauna. Thus, the anaerobic treatment is the most convenient option for this waste, making these substrates suitable for hydrogen production. Besides that, millions of tons of orange biomass are generated per year due to the production of orange juice. Therefore, citrus waste can also be used for biofuel production. Significant amounts of vinasse are generated from the production of second-generation ethanol from citrus bagasse. Vinasse is a wastewater that contains large amounts of organic matter and nutrients, but it needs to be pretreated before being discarded due to the harmful impact it can have in the environment. Thus, the promising use of the vinasse consists of hydrogen generation through dark fermentation process. Biodiesel can be produced from virgin vegetable oils or from used cooking oil. In both cases, high concentrations of crude glycerol are generated as co-product (about 10kg of glycerol per each 100 kg of biodiesel produced). Some Brazilian government programs encourage biodiesel production. Thereby, Brazil stands out for being the country which is most responsible for the current production of this biofuel in the global context. However, glycerol has been becoming an environmental tendency, what compromises the sustainability of the biodiesel process. In this scenario, the agro-industrial products that have a significant productivity are the ones that generate more wastewaters. Therefore, this chapter will contribute with a theoretical view about the biologic processes of hydrogen production and their application on researches that have been done about the H2-generation at low costs which, at the same time, promote these wastes degradation, combining agroindustrial growth with sustainable practices for clean energy generation.PublicaçãoCapítulo de livro Spent coffee ground properties and application in bioenergy and bioproducts(2016-01-01) Brienzo, Michel; García-Aparicio, María ; Görgens, Johann ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) ; Stellenbosch University Coffee is one of the most popular beverages (almost 9 million tons of coffee was consumed in 2014) and the second largest commodity traded worldwide. Coffee beans have long been used for human consumption, in the last centuries, producing coffee brews and instant coffee. About 50% of the coffee produced is directed for the production of soluble coffee generating spent coffee grounds (SCG) as a byproduct that is rich in carbohydrates, protein, lipids and bioactive molecules. SCG has found application as compost (soil conditioner), animal feed (poultry and ruminants), mushroom production, a substrate for fermentation (enzymes) and energy (biogas, liquid biofuel and bioelectricity). SCG composition and structure depends on the coffee beans used in the coffee production, as well as the industrial extraction process. The instant coffee manufacturing uses several hot water extraction steps with different temperature and its severity influences in the soluble solids extraction from the roasted beans and the characteristics of the generated SCG. The industrial process impacts on the amount of SCG generated and soluble compounds extraction, in average 4 kg of wet SCG per kilogram of instant coffee produced. Moreover, the structure of the remained polysaccharides in SCG, cellulose, galactomannan and arabinogalactan, can be more recalcitrant to further use. The SCG still contain extractable compounds (flavor and oil) in a lignocellulosic matrix formed by cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. These structural compounds are organized in the cell wall as a recalcitrant structure to the biological conversion process. Moreover, SCG is resistant to degradation and may need a pretreatment to make the material suitable for biotechnological conversion. The pretreatment disrupts the cellulose-hemicellulose-lignin structure, changing its properties and allowing a complex of cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes breaking down polysaccharides into fermentable sugars. The factors responsible for SCG recalcitrance is related to its chemical composition, structural and physicochemical properties that influence the pretreatment response end requires a complex pool of enzymes to its hydrolysis. This review will focus on discuss the recalcitrance properties of the SCG, based on its composition and structural organization, and the complex enzyme necessary for its conversion, highlighting its impact on biotechnology and bioenergy process.