Botucatu - CERAT - Centro de Raízes e Amidos Tropicais

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://hdl.handle.net/11449/253746

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Citrus crop performance and fruit quality in response to different scion-rootstock combinations
(2023-05-31) Martins, Rafaelly C. ; Leonel, Sarita ; Souza, Jackson M. A. ; Leonel, Magali ; Putti, Fernando F. ; Züge, Patrícia G. U. ; Ferreira, Rafael B. ; Silva, Marcelo S. ; Filho, Jaime Duarte ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) ; Faculty of Higher Education and Integral Training (FAEF) ; Dept. of Agriculture and Supply
Aim of study: To address diversification of citrus cultivars to increase the variety and profitability of orchards to adapt them to environmental changes. Area of study: State of São Paulo, a subtropical region of southeastern Brazil. Material and methods: The study evaluated the phenological intervals, thermal sum, vegetative and productive per-formance, and fruit quality of the sweet orange cultivars ‘Rubi’ (R), ‘Lue Gin Gong’ (LGG) and ‘Valencia Delta Seed-less’ (VDS) grafted onto 'Rangpur' lime (RL) and 'Swingle' citrumelo (SC). The field experiment was conducted over consecutive growing seasons 2018-2021. Main results: The duration of the phenological intervals was little influenced by the rootstocks. The harvest time was approximately 245 days after anthesis (DAA) for R, 402 DAA for LGG, and 407 DAA for VDS, regardless of rootstock. Scion cultivars grafted onto RL showed larger canopy volumes and greater weight, length, and diameter of fruits than those of SC trees, and the combinations with SC were more productively efficient than RL due to lower canopy volume. The R scion cultivar presented superior yield performance and fruit colouration than LGG and VDS. The physicochem-ical quality of the fruits showed improved results with the combinations of LGG/RL, LGG/SC, VDS/RL, and VDS/SC. Research highlights: These results may be useful when planning the diversification of scion/rootstock combinations for new orchards, identifying dual-market orange cultivars for industrial processing and natural consumption, and determining the combinations that are better adapted to undesirable climatic conditions.
Sweetpotato responses to potassium rate and timing in tropical sandy soils
(2023-01-01) Figueiredo, Ricardo T. ; Fernandes, Adalton M. ; Garreto, Francisca G. S. ; Silva, Jéssica A. ; Nunes, Jason G. S. ; Vargas, Pablo F. ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The response of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] to potassium (K) can vary based on soil K availability and the rate and timing of K application. This study evaluated the effects of K application rate and timing on leaf K concentration and yield attributes of sweetpotatoes grown in tropical sandy soils with different K availabilities. Treatments had three rates (60, 120, and 240 kg ha−1 K2O) and four timings (pl, the full rate at planting; pl-1.3, 1/2 rate at planting plus 1/2 at 1.3 months after planting [MP]; pl-3, 1/2 rate at planting plus 1/2 at 3 MP; pl-1.3–3, 1/3 rate at planting plus 1/3 each at 1.3 and 3 MP), including a control (without K application). The benefits of K timings and application rates on sweetpotato yield were greater in K-deficient soils with the maximum yield of sweetpotato (25.8–34.3 Mg ha−1) at the estimated rate of 153–179 kg ha−1 K2O in three application times. In soil with medium exchangeable K, the maximum total root yield (28.5–34.2 Mg ha−1) occurred at an optimum estimated rate of 113–122 kg ha−1 K2O. In soils with high exchangeable K, K application rates reduced the yield of roots or starch, and no K deficiency occurred in the unfertilized K treatments. To obtain high storage root and starch yields in sweetpotatoes grown in K-deficient tropical sandy soils, there should be three K applications, and K application rates should be based on K levels already available in the soil.
Soil and leaf phosphorus thresholds for modern potato production systems in tropical Oxisols
(2023-08-01) Soratto, Rogério P. ; Sandaña, Patricio ; Fernandes, Adalton M. ; Calles, Tassiane S. ; Yagi, Renato ; Souza, Emerson F.C. ; Job, André L.G. ; Martins, Jéssyca D.L. ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidad Austral de Chile ; Rural Development Institute of Paraná - IAPAR-EMATER (IDR-Paraná) ; University of Minnesota ; McCain Brasil
Precise diagnosis and prognosis of phosphorus (P) nutrition are essentials to improve P use efficiency and sustainability in potato cropping systems. Here, variable potato crop responses of 13 field experiments (2011–2022) were assessed to determine critical soil P-resin (SPresin) and potato leaf P (LP) concentrations to achieve maximum tuber yield in tropical Oxisols. The study comprised four experiments with the factorial design of potato cultivars in response to P fertilization rates and nine experiments with P fertilization rates as fixed effects. Relationships between initial SPresin test, LP measured at the third or fourth expanded leaf stage (i.e., 29–37 days after emergence, DAE), and relative total fresh tuber yield (RY) (yield of control/yield at highest P rate) were analyzed using linear-plateau, Mitscherlich, and quadratic-plateau regression models. A wide range of total fresh tuber yield (3.2–59 Mg ha-1) and LP (1.3–5.7 g P kg-1) were observed across experiments. The LP values in control plots was positively related with initial SPresin, reaching a maximum LP of 3.8 g P kg-1 at an initial SPresin of 80 mg P dm-3 (averaged across models). The relationship between RY and initial SPresin was significant in the three regression models (p < 0.05; R2 = 0.71–0.74). Maximum tuber yield was reached with the SPresin value of 93 mg P dm-3 (averaged across models). Across experiments and P fertilization rates, relationships between RY and LP were significantly described in the three regression models (p < 0.05; R2 = 0.55–0.67). The critical LP of 4.5 g P kg-1, obtained from the average across models, is proposed as the optimum indicator of potato P nutritional status to achieve maximum tuber yields in tropical Oxisols. These are the first critical P thresholds on a soil and environmental-specific conditions base available for tropical conditions in Brazil, timely informative in terms of optimization of P management to maximize tuber yield and P use efficiency, and minimize the risk of environmental P contamination.
Seasonal Variations in the Starch Properties of Sweet Potato Cultivars
(2023-03-01) dos Santos, Thaís Paes Rodrigues ; Leonel, Magali ; de Oliveira, Luciana Alves ; Fernandes, Adalton Mazetti ; Leonel, Sarita ; da Silva Nunes, Jason Geter ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA)
Starch is widely used in the food and non-food industries, and this is related to its physicochemical characteristics. In the coming years, climate changes will become unpredictable, and these conditions may affect the process of starch biosynthesis and polymer properties. The sweet potato starch market has grown substantially in recent years and understanding the environmental impacts on starch characteristics will contribute to advances for the sector. Herein, the effects of the growing season on the structural, morphological, and physicochemical properties of sweet potato starches were evaluated. Sweet potato trials with two Brazilian cultivars (Canadense and Uruguaiana) were installed in the dry season (planting in March and harvesting in July) and rainy season (planting in October and harvesting in March). Regardless of the cultivar, starches isolated from plants grown in the rainy season have a more ordered structure, with higher gelatinization temperatures, thermal stability, and resistant starch content. Starches from plants grown in the dry season have a higher percentage of small granules with lower crystallinity and lower gelatinization temperatures. These findings can be useful as early knowledge of these changes can help the supply chain to better plan and target suitable markets for naturally modified sweet potato starches.
Profile of Bioactive Compounds in Orange Juice Related to the Combination of Different Scion/Rootstocks, Packaging and Storage
(2023-03-01) Martins, Rafaelly Calsavara ; Leonel, Sarita ; Souza, Jackson Mirellys Azevedo ; Lima, Giuseppina Pace Pereira ; Leonel, Magali ; Putti, Fernando Ferrari ; Monteiro, Gean Charles ; Züge, Patrícia Graosque Ülguim ; Napoleão, Gabriel Maluf ; Figueira, Ricardo ; Filho, Jaime Duarte ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) ; Regional Development Coordination
Citrus scion/rootstock combinations alter the concentration of bioactive compounds in orange juice. The shelf life of freshly squeezed juice can be maximized through packaging and storage. The profiles of ascorbic (AA), dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), and phenolic compounds were analyzed in juices of four sweet orange scions, Sanguínea de Mombuca (SM), Rubi (R), Lue Gin Gong (LGG), and Valência Delta Seedless (VDS), grafted onto ‘Rangpur’ lime (RL) and ‘Swingle’ citrumelo (SC) rootstocks. The juices obtained from the combination of the ‘Rubi’ orange in both rootstocks stood out by their higher concentration of ascorbic acid (AA) and dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA). Overall, all SC-grafted scions showed higher AA and DHAA and some phenolic compound concentrations. In all combinations, phenolic compounds showed the highest concentrations in the juices at the time of fruit extraction and decreased during storage. Dark packaging provided higher bioactive compounds in juices stored for longer periods. These findings can contribute to the diversification of scion/rootstock cultivars in order to increase the variety of orchards by choosing the best combinations for pasteurized orange juice with higher nutritional value.
Growth and Nitrogen Uptake by Potato and Cassava Crops Can Be Improved by Azospirillum brasilense Inoculation and Nitrogen Fertilization
(2023-03-01) Fernandes, Adalton Mazetti ; da Silva, Jessica Aparecida ; Eburneo, Juliana Aparecida Marques ; Leonel, Magali ; Garreto, Francisca Gyslane de Sousa ; Nunes, Jason Geter da Silva ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Nitrogen (N) is the nutrient most taken up by potato and cassava crops and Azospirillum brasilense may contribute to the growth of these crops. Pot experiments evaluated A. brasilense and mineral N application on leaf N concentration, plant growth, and N uptake by potato and cassava grown under natural and disinfected soil. The rates of 2.8 × 108 colony-forming units mL−1 of A. brasilense combined with 0, 75, 150, and 300 mg dm−3 N or 0, 50, 100, and 200 mg dm−3 N were used for potato or cassava grown. At low N supply in natural soil, A. brasilense inoculation increased N concentration in potato leaves by 23–38%, without benefits to plant growth or N uptake. At unfertilized N treatments of both soils, A. brasilense inoculation increased cassava leaf N concentration by 25–33%, but an 11–32% increase in shoot biomass occurred in treatments inoculated and N supplied. Potato crops responded positively to mineral N supply, but cassava responded to fertilization only in disinfected soil. In disinfected soil fertilized with N, A. brasilense inoculation increased cassava N uptake by 27–40%. In contrast, in natural soil, A. brasilense minimized the negative effect of N excess on the tuber development of cassava. These results show that the use of A. brasilense is a more interesting alternative to improve N status and growth in cassava than in potatoes.
Sweet potato yield and quality as a function of phosphorus fertilization in different soils
(2023-01-01) Cordeiro, Carlos F. Dos S. ; Echer, Fábio R. ; Batista, Guilherme D. ; Fernandes, Adalton M. ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for growth and yield of sweet potatoes; in sandy soils, sweet potato yield and quality may be limited by application of low P doses, mainly in degraded areas. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of P doses on yield and quality of sweet potato root tubers grown in tropical sandy soils with different initial P availabilities: 23.2 mg dm-3 (high P-crop rotation) and 3.7 mg dm-3 (low P-post degraded pasture). Two experiments were carried out in a randomized block design, with four replicates. The treatments consisted of P doses (0, 22, 44, 88, and 176 kg ha-1) applied to the planting bed. Tuber yield, number and mean weight of tubers, P concentration in leaves and tubers, exported P, as well as the percentage of starch, reducing sugars, total sugars, and sucrose in the tubers were evaluated. P concentration in the soil was evaluated at the end of the experiment. In the area with high P availability (> 20 mg dm-3-resin), increasing P doses did not increase root tuber yield and decreased root starch concentrations. In the area with low P availability (< 3.7 mg dm-3-resin), root tuber yield and starch concentration peaked when applying 68 and 33 kg ha-1 of P, respectively. In areas after degraded pasture, with low initial soil P concentration, P fertilization for sweet potato crops should be carried out with a P dose of 68 kg ha-1. In areas with crop rotation and adequate soil P concentration, P fertilization should be carried out to replace the amount of P exported by the harvested root tubers to avoid decreases in soil fertility.
Green banana and ora-pro-nóbis mixed flours: nutritional and technological characteristics
(2022-01-01) Cândido, Hebert Teixeira ; Leonel, Magali ; Leonel, Sarita ; dos Ouros, Lucas Felipe ; de Jesus, Paulo Ricardo Rodrigues ; Izidoro, Maiqui ; Molha, Nicholas Zanette ; Domiciano, Vinícius Martins ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The constant need for innovation in the food industries to meet the demands of consumers and the growing market for gluten-free and high-protein products have driven studies of mixed flour. In this study, 'BRS Platina' banana fruits were processed to obtain Whole Green Banana Flour (WGBF) and Green Banana Pulp Flour (GBPF) as well as leaves of Ora-pro-nóbis Flour (OPNF). Mixed flours were prepared by blending banana flours (WGBF or GBPF) with increasing levels of OPNF (from 5 to 25%). Flours were analyzed for physicochemical characteristics, mineral contents, Water Absorption Index (WAI), Water Solubility Index (WSI), and color. The main component of banana flours was starch, in which GBPF has the highest content. The WGBF had a higher mineral content, and in both flours, the potassium was at a greater level. OPNF showed the highest protein and mineral contents. Independent of the type of banana flour, mixed flours were darker, and had higher WAI and considerable increases in Mg, Fe, and Zn than no mixed ones. The blend of banana flours and Ora-pro-nóbis leaf flour can be a viable combination for preparing a variety of food products, due to its nutritional and technological properties.
The corewood of 25-year-old Hevea brasiliensis from two rubber plantations has high starch content
(2023-01-01) Cherelli, Sabrina Galetti ; Bellasio, Chandra ; Marcati, Carmen Regina ; Rodrigues dos Santos, Thaís Paes ; Rodrigues, Sergio Augusto ; Leonel, Magali ; Ballarin, Adriano Wagner ; Botucatu ; University College Dublin ; University of the Balearic Islands ; Australian National University ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
In Brazil after 25 to 30 years of rubber production, when yield starts to drop, rubber trees are felled and destined for firewood and charcoal, despite the good mechanical properties and workability of the wood, and relatively low production costs. Wood with low starch content could be destined for the production of higher added-value products with potential to spare deforestation of many native forest species, but in rubberwood, starch increases palatability by wood borers and accelerates fungal degradation, thus compromising wood durability and the quality of timber. The aim of this study is to determine whether removal of the outer part of wood or varying the season of logging would result in wood with lower starch content. We measured the content of starch using enzymatic hydrolysis, the radial distribution of starch grains by light microscopy, and the corresponding seasonal variation of starch in 25-year-old felled trees. Rubberwood had large amount of starch in its entire trunk, increasing from the inner to the outer region, before decreasing in the outermost sapwood. Starch content was lower in summer, although higher than in other timber species. After relating the data to a comprehensive bibliographic survey of starch quantification in rubberwood, it was concluded that there are no technological arguments to destine the inner part of rubber tree trunks to the production of higher value products.
Pig diets formulated with different sources of starch based in vitro kinetics of starch digestion
(2023-02-01) Telles, Filipe Garcia ; Saleh, Mayra Anton Dib ; de Paula, Vinicius Ricardo Cambito ; Alvarenga, Patrícia Versuti Arantes ; Leonel, Magali ; Araújo, Lúcio Francelino ; Ruiz, Urbano dos Santos ; Berto, Dirlei Antonio ; Tse, Marcos Livio Panhoza ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
The effects of different feed ingredients with their different in vitro kinetics of starch digestion were evaluated in weaned pig diets based on the growth performance and postprandial response of serum glucose (Glu), insulin (Ins), and urea (Ur). Three studies were conducted: In vitro study – in vitro determination of rapidly digestible starch (RDS), slowly digestible starch (SDS), and resistant starch (RS) fractions in corn grain, broken rice, wheat grain, and green banana flour; Experiment 1 (Exp. 1) – growth performance of 96 weaned pigs from 21 to 59 d of age; and Experiment 2 (Exp. 2) – In vivo determination of serum Glu, Ins, and Ur responses to diets in 32 pigs with 42 d of age (eight replicates per treatment in both experiments with three and one pig per pen in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively). In Exp. 1 and Exp. 2, the experimental diets were as follows: C, a diet based on corn grain as the main starch source; C25, a diet with 25% replacement of corn grain by broken rice; C50, a diet with 50% replacement of corn grain by broken rice (25%) and wheat grain (25%); and C55, a diet with 55% replacement of corn grain by broken rice (20%), wheat grain (20%), and green banana flour (15%). The RDS fraction was greater in corn grain (31.1%) than in broken rice (28.5%), wheat grain (26.1%), and green banana flour (14.8%). The greatest SDS content was found in broken rice (39.5%), followed by green banana flour (20.0%), corn grain (17.3%), and wheat grain (8.4%). The RS fraction was greater in green banana flour (44.7%), followed by corn grain (21.5%), wheat grain (15.0%), and broken rice (11.4%). In the first 15d of the Exp. 1, pigs fed diet C25 had greater (P<0.05) average daily gain (ADG) than pigs submitted to diets C and C50, and better gain to feed (G:F) compared with animals that received C diet. However, in Exp. 2, Glu, Ins, and Ur serum levels were similar for pigs fed experimental diets. In conclusion, the growth performance in the first 15d of nursery phase was influenced by diets with greater SDS levels, although the starch profile in feed ingredients couldn´t be able to change serum levels of Glu, Ins and Ur.
Cultivars and Fruit Part as Differentiating Factors of Physicochemical Characteristics of Mango Starches
(2023-01-01) Lossolli, Nathalia Aparecida Barbosa ; Leonel, Magali ; Leonel, Sarita ; Izidoro, Maiqui ; de Paula, Gustavo Veiga ; dos Santos, Thais Paes Rodrigues ; de Oliveira, Luciana Alves ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA)
Fruit production has increased, which has led to an increase in fruit wastage, opening up new opportunities for the use of non-standard fruits as starch sources. Herein, the physicochemical properties of mango starches isolated from the pulp and kernel of four cultivars were investigated. The pulp starches showed higher purity with total starch ranging from 97.84 to 98.09% (dry basis). The kernel starches had a higher percentage of other components (ash, fiber, lipids, protein, sugars). The main mineral in the starches was potassium (0.37 to 1.32 g/kg). Pulp starches were circular and smaller (15–79 to 16.70 µm) and kernel starches were oval and larger (19.75 to 25.33 µm). Differential scanning calorimetry and rapid viscosity studies showed that the kernel starches had higher gelatinization properties. The mango starches were A-type with varying crystallinity levels (28.37–32.35%). PCA analysis showed the greater impact of gelatinization properties on the grouping of cultivars. These findings would be useful for adding commercial value to mango agricultural and industrial waste and for industries in terms of using the starch as an ingredient in food products and other industrial applications.
Calcium Nutrition in Fig Orchards Enhance Fruit Quality at Harvest and Storage
(2023-01-01) Souza, Jackson Mirellys Azevêdo ; Leonel, Sarita ; Leonel, Magali ; Garcia, Emerson Loli ; Ribeiro, Luiza Rocha ; Ferreira, Rafael Bibiano ; Martins, Rafaelly Calsavara ; de Souza Silva, Marcelo ; Monteiro, Laís Naiara Honorato ; Duarte, Anita Santos ; Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; FAEF
Due to the high perishability of figs, calcium stands out as an important nutrient for orchard management. This study aims to study the pre-harvest applications of calcium chloride in fig orchards. The fig trees were sprayed with 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% CaCl2, and fruits were thereafter stored for 0, 7, 14 and 21 d. The variables analysed were the concentration of calcium in leaves and fruits, weight loss, fruit decay, pectinolytic enzyme activity, and physical and chemical attributes of the fruits; CaCl2 sprays enhanced fruit Ca2+ concentration in leaves (14.03%) and fruits (29.3%) and were effective in reducing polygalacturonase and pectin methylesterase activity, weight loss and fruit decay. Pre-treatment with 1% CaCl2 provided fruits with larger diameters, greater firmness, and higher levels of total phenolic compounds in both fruit peel and pulp. The pre-harvest application at 1% CaCl2 showed to be a promising technique in producing high quality fruits and extended storage by approximately 7 to 10 days. These findings may be useful in planning new cultural practices for fig orchards that produce high-quality fruit with desirable characteristics for growers and consumers.
Nutrition and yield of hydroponic arugula under inoculation of beneficial microorganisms
(2023-04-01) Gato, Isabela Martins Bueno ; da Silva Oliveira, Carlos Eduardo ; Oliveira, Thaissa Julyanne Soares Sena ; Jalal, Arshad ; de Almeida Moreira, Vitória ; Giolo, Victoria Moraes ; Vitória, Letícia Schenaide ; de Lima, Bruno Horschut ; Vargas, Pablo Forlan ; Filho, Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The use of beneficial fungi and bacteria can improve growth, yield and food quality of plants. The electrical conductivity (EC) of a nutrient solution is closely linked to better nutrition of arugula plants in a hydroponic system. Therefore, objectives of current study were to evaluate isolated and combined effect of inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and Trichoderma hazianum under two ECs on root-shoot biomass, nutrition and yield of arugula in hydroponic cultivation system. The experiment was designed in a strip-plot block with five replications in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme. The treatments were consisted of four microbial inoculations (without, A. brasilense, T. harzianum and co-inoculation of both) and two ECs (1.4 and 1.6 dS m−1). The higher EC with A. brasilense inoculation provided greater growth of arugula plants in a hydroponic system. Inoculation with A. brasilense has increased leaf area, shoot–root length, leaf chlorophyll index (LCI) and shoot ammonium accumulation while reduced root-shoot nitrate accumulation. The leaf nutrition or biofortification of arugula plants with K, S, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, and Mn was improved under both isolated and combined inoculations of A. brasilense and T. harzianum.
Growth, yield and nutrients of sweet cassava fertilized with zinc
(2023-01-01) da Silva, Jessica Aparecida ; Leonel, Magali ; Fernandes, Adalton Mazetti ; de Sousa Garreto, Francisca Gyslane ; Nunes, Jason Geter da Silva ; Tajra, Ricardo Figueiredo ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The application of zinc fertilizers in the soil has been an agronomic practice to correct Zn deficiency in plants, aiming to increase productivity and/or nutritional quality. This study evaluated how zinc sulfate fertilization affects plant growth, yield performance and nutrient accumulation in the cassava ‘IAC 576-70’. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with eight replications. The treatments consisted of 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 g p1-1 ZnSO4. Results showed improvement in yield with soil fertilization with ZnSO4, with the optimal dose of 2.5 g pl-1. The uptake of nutrients in plant parts is favored with lower doses of zinc fertilizer, with maximum points ranging from 0.8 to 3.2 g pl-1 for macronutrients and 1.6 to 3.6 g pl-1 for micronutrients. The Zn content in tuberous roots increases by more than 40% with fertilization up to 2.8 g pl-1 of fertilizer, which contributes to the nutritional value of roots.
Nutritional and technological properties of pulp and peel flours from different mango cultivars
(2023-01-01) Izidoro, Maiqui ; Leonel, Magali ; Leonel, Sarita ; Lossoli, Nathalia Aparecida Barbosa ; Cândido, Hebert Teixeira ; Züge, Patrícia Graosque Ulguim ; De Jesus Assis, Jaciene Lopes ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA)
Global mango production generates significant agricultural and industrial waste, including non-standard fruits and peels. Herein, flours obtained from the immature fruits of four mango cultivars (Haden, Keitt, Parwin, and Tommy Atkins) were characterized for their physicochemical properties with the goal of valorization as an ingredient in functional food products. Regardless of cultivar, the peel flours represented excellent sources of fiber, with notable calcium, magnesium, manganese, carotenoids, and antioxidant contents as well as high percentage of large particles and good water retention capacity. Pulp flours exhibit high starch content, light color, and fine granulometry. The mango cultivars strongly interfered with the differentiation of the mango peel and pulp flours. The results presented herein show that understanding the characteristics of flours obtained by processing different parts of the fruits of various cultivars can produce composite mango flours with different nutritional and technological properties, expanding their possible uses in food products and driving sustainable agricultural production in terms of efficient crop waste management.
No-tillage and previous maize–palisadegrass intercropping reduce soil and water losses without decreasing root yield and quality of cassava
(2023-03-01) Garreto, Francisca G.S. ; Fernandes, Adalton M. ; Silva, Jessica A. ; Silva, Rudieli M. ; Figueiredo, Ricardo T. ; Soratto, Rogério P. ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
No-tillage (NT) is an alternative technique adopted in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) growing areas to reduce soil loss. However, it may affect the development of storage roots depending on the soil-covering residues. This study evaluated the soil and water losses and storage root yield and quality of cassava planted in the dry and rainy seasons using conventional tillage (CT) and NT, following sole maize (Zea mays L.) cropping or maize–palisadegrass [Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R.D. Webster] intercropping. The experimental design was a randomized block with five replications. Four treatments were considered representing cassava planted using CT and NT following sole maize or maize–palisadegrass intercropping. CT caused soil loss of up to 43.4 Mg ha−1 over the 16 months of cassava cultivation. NT following maize–palisadegrass intercropping did not decrease cassava yield nor its quality and reduced both soil and water losses. In the rainy planting season, NT reduced soil loss by up to 80% (35 Mg ha−1), while in the dry planting season, the reduction varied between 28% and 38% (8–11 Mg ha−1). These findings suggest that previous maize–palisadegrass intercropping followed by NT of cassava is recommended for increasing soil conservation, especially in cassava planted in the rainy season.
Green Banana Flour Technology: from Raw Material to Sensory Acceptance of Products Made with Green Banana Flour in the Brazilian Scenario
(2023-01-01) Cândido, Hebert Teixeira ; Marzullo, Yasmine Ohanna Toledo ; Leonel, Magali ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Brazil is a major producer of bananas, being the world's fourth-largest producer. The fruit is a source of minerals and vitamins and, when green, has a high content of resistant starch. Among the possibilities of processing, green banana flour has gained prominence due to its physical, nutritional, and functional characteristics, which can be used for the making of different food products. However, the raw material and the processing steps can influence these characteristics. Thus, this study aimed to provide information ranging from the choice of raw material to the sensory acceptance of consumers. The present work discussed the influence of ripening on fruit characteristics, processing stages and flour characteristics as a result of the different used fruits part or cultivar/variety of banana, and the possibilities of products with good technological quality and sensory acceptance of products made with green bananas flours by Brazilian consumers. One of the main differences provided by the cultivar is the flour yield, which is higher in banana cultivars with lower moisture content and selected for frying. There is little information regarding the whole green banana flour, which could reduce waste and contribute nutritionally to preparations. New products having green banana flours as an ingredient show wide possibilities for a partial or total replacement to other flours, as well as good sensory acceptance, which has led to a growing interest in banana processing and its growing market.
AGRONOMIC CHARACTERIZATION OF SWEET POTATO GENOTYPES OBTAINED THROUGH CROSSBREEDING1
(2022-09-20) DE OLIVEIRA, Darllan Junior Luiz Santos Ferreira ; Otoboni, Maria Eduarda Facioli ; Pavan, Bruno Ettore ; Fernandes, Adalton Mazetti ; Vargas, Pablo Forlan ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The average national sweet potato yield of Brazil falls below the productive potential of the crop because of the cultivation of local and unimproved varieties. To improve this, more productive cultivars must be adopted along with adequate culture treatments. This study was conducted between January and May 2019 in Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, to characterize sweet potato genotypes obtained through crossbreeding. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks containing 264 genotypes, the control (‘Beauregard’), and two replicates. Plant harvesting began 127 d after planting. After harvesting, the roots were washed and dried in a covered area ready for evaluation. The total, commercial, and non-commercial yield; total, commercial, and non-commercial root number; root dry matter content; and dry matter productivity were evaluated. The genotypes CERAT16-20, CERAT31-1, and CERAT21-2 are promising in terms of root production for household consumption because of their high productivity of commercial roots. In contrast, genotypes CERAT16-20, CERAT31-1, CERAT25-17, CERAT25-12, CERAT21-2, CERAT29-26, CERAT34-4, CERAT31-11, and CERAT24-8 are promising for industry because of the high production of dry mass per hectare. The main components, total number of commercial roots, production of non-commercial roots, mass of commercial roots, total production of dry mass of roots, mass of roots, and total production of roots have a low contribution to the discrimination of the genotypes; therefore, their analysis can be discarded in future studies, under the same soil and climate conditions, thus reducing workload, expense, and time.
Growth, yield and nutrients of sweet cassava fertilized with zinc
(Univ Federal Santa Maria, 2023-01-01) Silva, Jessica Aparecida da ; Leonel, Magali ; Fernandes, Adalton Mazetti ; Garreto, Francisca Gyslane de Sousa ; Nunes, Jason Geter da Silva ; Tajra, Ricardo Figueiredo ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The application of zinc fertilizers in the soil has been an agronomic practice to correct Zn deficiency in plants, aiming to increase productivity and/or nutritional quality. This study evaluated how zinc sulfate fertilization affects plant growth, yield performance and nutrient accumulation in the cassava 'IAC 576-70'. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with eight replications. The treatments consisted of 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 g p1-1 ZnSO4. Results showed improvement in yield with soil fertilization with ZnSO4, with the optimal dose of 2.5 g pl-1. The uptake of nutrients in plant parts is favored with lower doses of zinc fertilizer, with maximum points ranging from 0.8 to 3.2 g pl-1 for macronutrients and 1.6 to 3.6 g pl-1 for micronutrients. The Zn content in tuberous roots increases by more than 40% with fertilization up to 2.8 g pl-1 of fertilizer, which contributes to the nutritional value of roots.
Fungi as biological controllers
(Editorial Bonaventuriana, 2020-01-01) Cuervo Mulet, Raul Alberto ; Fernandez Daza, Fabian Felipe ; Valencia Rodriguez, Marino ; Pascoli Cereda, Marney ; Ospina, JD ; Mulet, RAC ; Rodriguez, MV ; Vargas, IAG ; Daza, FFF ; Univ San Buenaventura Cali ; Inst Univ Antonio Jose Camacho ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)

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