São Vicente - IBCLP - Instituto de Biociências

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://hdl.handle.net/11449/253849

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Government initiative and policies on water conservation and wastewater treatment in Brazil
(2020-01-01) Abessa, Denis Moledo de Souza ; Ambrozevicius, Andrea Pimenta ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Setor Policial (SPO)
This chapter aims to describe the water management and conservation in Brazil and show how the public policies evolved along time. It starts by presenting the geographical context and the main hydrographic basins of the country, with their respective characteristics. Then, it presents the historical and legal framework of the water management in the country, addressing the evolution of actions and public policies. Next, the chapter describes the National Policy of Water Resources (PNRH), with the respective tools for water resources management and the institutional adjustments required to allow the policy implementation, such as the creation of the National Water Agency. By the end of the chapter, some additional initiatives taken by the public power to improve the PNRH effectiveness are discussed, and the perspectives for the future are presented.
Gillnet fishing characteristics in Franciscana Management Areas
(2022-01-01) Gonçalves, Isabel ; Carvalho, Camila Carvalho de ; Dias, Liane Amaral ; Bertozzi, Carolina Pacheco ; Domit, Camila ; Tullio, Juliana Di ; Rio Grande do Sul ; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR)
The main threat to franciscanas (Pontoporia blainvillei) is the incidental catches in gillnets. Given the variety of this fleet and the fishing communities in Brazil, the aim of this chapter is to characterize the social-economic, socioenvironment, and ethno-environment aspects of the gillnet activity in the Franciscana Management Areas (FMA) II and III. There are few legislations to protect endangered cetacean species in Brazil focused on the creation of fishing exclusion areas and reduction of fishing effort, however, these norms have not complied because they are generalist and unknown by many fishers. The gillnet fisheries are diverse, and their local specificities and social vulnerabilities must be considered when elaborating public policies and conservation actions.
Occurrence and environmental fate of pharmaceuticals, personal care products and illicit drugs (PPCPIDs) in tropical ecosystems
(2021-01-01) Maranho, Luciane Alves ; dos Santos, Dayana Moscardi ; da Fonseca, Tainá Gárcia ; dos Santos Barbosa Ortega, Andressa ; da Silva Sousa, Lorena ; Pusceddu, Fabio Hermes ; Cortez, Fernando Sanzi ; Barbosa Moreno, Beatriz ; Costa Melo, Luiza ; Nobre, Caio Rodrigues ; Fontes, Mayana Karoline ; Cesar, Augusto ; de Sousa Abessa, Denis Moledo ; Pereira, Camilo Dias Seabra ; Ribeirão Preto University ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; University of Algarve—FCT ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Santa Cecilia University ; University of Cádiz
The inefficient or lack of treatment of wastewaters in developing countries can lead to increased input of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and illicit drugs (PPCPIDs) into the environment. Current scenarios, as acidification of oceans and pollution by microplastics should increase the impacts of PPCPIDs. This chapter reviews the sources, concentrations, and potential impacts of PPCPIDs in tropical coastal environments to support risk assessments and to identify key knowledge gaps as priorities for future research.
The consequence of CO2 acidification in the harmful effects of emerging contaminants: pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and illicit drugs
(2022-01-01) Souza, Lorena da Silva ; Fontes, Mayana Karoline ; Pereira, Camilo Dias Seabra ; DelValls Casillas, Tomas Angel ; Santa Cecília University (UNISANTA) ; University of Cádiz ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
Pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and illicit drugs (PPCPIDs) comprise a diverse group of chemicals recognized as contaminants of emerging concern. This class of contaminants has received growing global attentions due its potential for threatening drinking water safety and aquatic organisms. Considering the pathways by which they enter into the water environment, effluent from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has been identified as an important source. Although nowadays it is mandatory in developed countries to perform sewage treatment to minimize the pollution of the receiving waters, there are many substances (e.g., antibiotics, hormones, cocaine) that are not efficiently removed in WWTPs. These compounds reach aquatic ecosystems and represent a risk to biota. This chapter aimed to share and discuss new research conducted nowadays on the impact of the CO2 acidification in bioavailability and toxicity of emerging organic contaminants such as PPCPIDs. New set of data and recent studies will be discussed and summarized in this chapter.
Expression of glycosylated proteins in bacterial system and purification by affinity chromatography
(2018-01-01) Breyer, Carlos Alexandre ; de Oliveira, Marcos Antonio ; Pessoa, Adalberto ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
The bacterial expression of glycoproteins has experienced significant progress in recent years, particularly in regard to the production of conjugate vaccines against pathogens. In this case, a protein carrier conjugated with glycosides is used to produce intense stimulation of the immune system. Glycoconjugate vaccines account for 35% of the global vaccine market, and consequently, several biotechnological companies have developed products for the purification of glycosylated proteins to attain homogeneity. In this chapter we present a general process for glycoprotein production in Escherichia coli and a practice method for purification of glycosylated proteins, using affinity chromatography.
Integrative ecotoxicological assessment of contaminated sediments in a complex tropical estuarine system
(2011-01-01) Abessac, D. M.S. ; Carr, R. S. ; Sousa, E. C.P.M. ; Rachid, B. R.F. ; Zaroni, L. P. ; Gasparro, M. R. ; Pinto, Y. A. ; Bícego, M. C. ; Hortellani, M. A. ; Sarkis, J. E.S. ; Muniz, P. ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Marine Ecotoxicology Research Station, TAMU-CC ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; FUNDESPA ; Aplysia Tecnologia para o Meio Ambiente ; Ministério do Meio Ambiente ; Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas Nucleares ; Facultad de Ciencias-UdelaR
The Santos Estuarine System (SES) is a complex of bays, islands, estuarine channels and rivers located on the Southeast coast of Brazil, in which multiple contaminant sources are situated in close proximity to mangroves and other protected areas. In the present study, the bottom sediment quality from the SES was assessed using the Sediment Quality Triad approach, which incorporates concurrent measures of sediment chemistry, toxicity and macrobenthic community structure. Elevated concentrations of metals were detected in the inner parts of the estuary, in the vicinity of outfalls, and in the eastern zone of Santos Bay. PAHs were found at high concentrations only in the Santos Channel. Anionic detergents were found throughout the system, with higher concentrations occurring close to the sewage outfall diffusers and in the São Vicente Channel. Sediments were considered toxic based on whole sediment tests with amphipods and porewater tests with sea urchin embryos. The observed toxicity appeared to coincide with proximity to contaminant sources. The macrobenthic community for the entire study area showed signs of stress, as indicated by low abundance, richness and diversity. The integrative approach suggested that both environmental factors and contaminants were responsible for the altered benthic community structure. The most critically disturbed area was the Santos Channel (upper portion), followed by the São Vicente and Bertioga Channels, and the immediate vicinity of the sewage diffusers. © 2010 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Integrative ecotoxicological assessment of contaminated sediments in a complex tropical estuarine system
(2008-12-01) Abessa, D. M.S. ; Carr, R. S. ; Sousa, E. C.P.M. ; Rachid, B. R.F. ; Zaroni, L. P. ; Gasparro, M. R. ; Pinto, Y. A. ; Bícego, M. C. ; Hortellani, M. A. ; Sarkis, J. E.S. ; Muniz, P. ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; TAMU-CC ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; Fundaç̃o de Estudos e Pesquisas Aquáticas, FUNDESPA ; Aplysia Tecnologia para o Meio Ambiente ; Esplanada dos Ministérios ; Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas Nucleares ; UdelaR
The Santos Estuarine System (SES) is a complex of bays, islands, estuarine channels and rivers located on the Southeast coast of Brazil, in which multiple contaminant sources are situated in close proximity to mangroves and other protected areas. In the present study, the bottom sediment quality from the SES was assessed using the Sediment Quality Triad approach, which incorporates concurrent measures of sediment chemistry, toxicity and macrobenthic community structure. Elevated concentrations of metals were detected in the inner parts of the estuary, in the vicinity of outfalls, and in the eastern zone of Santos Bay. PAHs were found at high concentrations only in the Santos Channel. Anionic detergents were found throughout the system, with higher concentrations occurring close to the sewage outfall diffusers and in the S̃o Vicente Channel. Sediments were considered toxic based on whole sediment tests with amphipods and porewater tests with sea urchin embryos. The observed toxicity appeared to coincide with proximity to contaminant sources. The macrobenthic community for the entire study area showed signs of stress, as indicated by low abundance, richness and diversity. The integrative approach suggested that both environmental factors and contaminants were responsible for the altered benthic community structure. The most critically disturbed area was the Santos Channel (upper portion), followed by the S̃o Vicente and Bertioga Channels, and the immediate vicinity of the sewage diffusers. © 2008 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cartilha de educação ambiental: biomonitoramento participativo da qualidade da água na Cachoeira do Paraíso
(Núcleo de Estudos sobre Poluição e Ecotoxicologia Aquática / Universidade Estadual Paulista, 2021-04-07) Mello, Luiza Costa ; Abessa, Denis Moledo de Souza ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Esta cartilha apresenta a importância da Mata Atlântica, das áreas protegidas inseridas nesse bioma, e a relação entre a conservação da floresta e a manutenção da qualidade das águas, visando os usos humanos e os processos ecológicos. É discutida a importância de projetos de ciência cidadã, no qual se inclui o monitoramento participativo, e em seguida descrita uma forma de realizar o biomonitoramento de riachos da mata atlântica, a partir das comunidades da macrofauna bentônica, usando como exemplo a Cachoeira do Paraíso, formada pelo Rio Itinguçu, dentro do Parque Estadual do Itinguçu, no Mosaico de Unidades de Conservação Jureia-Itatins. Foram incluídas explicações sobre como realizar o monitoramento nesse local, a partir de ações individuais ou coordenadas por ONG (como parte de atividades educacionais), estando listados os organismos já identificados no local e como classificá-los quanto à sensibilidade, de forma que possam ser usados para verificar a qualidade ambiental e indicar eventuais variações ao longo do tempo. Pretende-se que a cartilha seja utilizada em ações de Educação Ambiental nessa importante unidade de conservação brasileira.
Assessing the ecological effects of contaminants in estuaries in Brazil: Gaps and future directions
(2017-02-03) Krull, Marcos ; Abessa, Denis Moledo de Souza ; Barros, Francisco ; Instituto de Biologia ; Virginia Institute of Marine Science ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
This chapter reviews published papers from the last 15 years that estimate the effects of contamination in Brazilian estuaries. The goals were to identify (i) the main classes of contaminants studied in estuarine systems in Brazil; (ii) the most used lines of evidence (LOEs) to estimate the effects of contaminants; (iii) the most common experimental designs and statistical analysis; and (iv) the major gaps in the field and suggest future directions. A total of 130 papers were reviewed. Metals were the most measured contaminant (34.6%) followed by organic contaminants (13.1%). Most papers (56.9%) only used one line of evidence (LOE) and the most common LOE were bioaccumulation (40.8%) followed by media chemistry (39.2%) and biomarkers analysis (33.8%). Most papers (59.6%) did not report the salinity range of the studied system, had three or less spatial replicates (56.4%), and did not include temporal replication (48.1%) or reference sites (52.6%) in their design. The most used analyses were ANOVA (44.6%) and correlation (26%). Some suggestions for future studies are: (i) consider the salinity range of the studied sites when planning the experimental designs; (ii) include appropriate reference areas; (iii) clearly state the question and the null hypothesis to be tested, (iv) evaluate the possible effect of covariates when performing bioaccumulation and biomarker studies; and (v) include more than one LOE in the design if possible. Enhancing the collaboration among scientists in different states and regions of Brazil may reduce the gap in our knowledge of the effects of contaminants in many estuaries.
New approaches in oil spill mapping and emergency planning
(2014-01-01) Romero, A. F. ; Fontes, R. F.C. ; Oliveira, M. ; Abessa, D. M.S. ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
During oil spill episodes, the oil may reach the coastal environments, despite efforts to retain and remove the oil from the water. Thus, response actions must be properly planned in order to minimize the environmental impacts caused by the oil. Contingency plans for oil spill accidents were developed in the 1970s and involve a set of steps that include environmental sensitivity index maps (ESI maps). At that time, this valuable tool represented advancement in action planning. Since then, however, contingency plans have used the ESI maps as a definitive planning solution, without combining them with other tools such as numerical modeling. The technological advances involved in numerical modeling, computational and geo-processing techniques, and access to a wide database through the internet, all allow for the introduction of advancements in oil spill response action plans. This chapter aims to present some of these new techniques in order to improve the classic approaches and provide more efficiency for emergency action plans. One of these techniques is the combination of ESI maps with information from numerical modeling of oil slicks and the probability that a given environment will be reached by the oil. This combination helps to generate maps of the indices of environmental vulnerability to oil (IEVO maps), which quickly and easily show areas that should receive priority protection after an oil spill. Another planning tool that may be used with the ESI and IEVO maps is the map of cleaning procedures and response actions. This map relies on the use of pictographic icons that represent the cleaning procedures recommended for each coastal environment. A careful definition of the recommended methods may keep the response actions from amplifying the damage caused by the oil, and their representation as icons on a map also allows for rapid visualization, and thus rapid decision making by officials responsible for emergency actions. These maps must also rely on solid information; thus, the assessment of biological resources of each coastal environment needs to be complete and deep. The use of GIS techniques to spatially display the biological information may help to identify more sensitive areas within a region that has already been classified using a given environmental sensitivity index. ESI maps that prioritize the representation of biological resources along the potentially affected areas provide an advancement in terms of the protection and mitigation of impacts on coastal ecosystems. These new approaches allow for better emergency planning move the classic approach forward, thus contributing to the mitigation of potential environmental impacts caused by oil spills.

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