Artigos - Zoologia - IBRC

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://hdl.handle.net/11449/20927

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  • ItemCapítulo de livro
    Post-embryonic development in Brazilian Social Wasps
    (2020-11-07) Giannotti, Edilberto ; da Rocha, Agda Alves ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA)
    This chapter presents a review of morphological studies of the immature stages of social Brazilian wasps, discussing aspects such as oviposition; instar larva, pre-pupa, and pupal stages; as well as duration times of the immature stages. Those themes have been explored in less than 20% of the species recorded for that country. Most of those articles represent only descriptions of the last instar larva, so that there is still much to explore in terms of comparative studies.
  • ItemArtigo
    The acute phase response in bats (Carollia perspicillata) varies with time and dose of the immune challenge
    (2022-12-01) Viola, Matheus F. ; Herrera, L. Gerardo ; da Cruz-Neto, Ariovaldo P. ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Autónoma de México
    The acute phase response (APR) is a core component of the innate immune response and represents the first line of immune defense used in response to infections. Although several studies with vertebrates reported fever, a decrease in food intake and body mass, and an increase in neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and total white blood cell count after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inoculation, there was great variability in the magnitude of these responses. Some of these differences might reflect, to some extent, differences in the time of endotoxin inoculation (during active or rest periods) and dose. Therefore, our study tested the interplay between LPS dose and time of injection on selected physiological (fever and increase in total white blood cell count and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio) and behavioral (food intake) components of the APR using a Neotropical fruit-eating bat (Carollia perspicillata) as a model organism. We predicted that LPS would trigger a dose- and time-dependent response in APR components. APR components were assessed in rest and active periods after injection of three doses of LPS (5, 10 and 15 mg kg-1 LPS). The results indicate a more robust decrease in food intake at higher doses during the active period, while increased neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was more robust during the active period regardless of dose. Furthermore, the skin temperature increase lasted longer at higher doses regardless of the timing of injections. Our study offers important insights into the dependence of time as well as the LPS dosage effect in the APR of bats, and how they deal with the magnitude of infections at different times of day.
  • ItemArtigo
    A single origin for the widely distributed B chromosomes of the gladiator frog Boana albopunctata
    (Oxford Univ Press, 2023-03-29) Ferro, Juan M. ; Gatto, Kaleb P. ; Netto, Flavia ; Resquin, Juan J. ; Costa, William ; Marti, Dardo A. ; Lourenco, Luciana B. ; Baldo, Diego ; Univ Nacl Mis ; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Inst Invest Biol Paraguay ; Itaipu Binacl
    B chromosomes are supernumerary elements that have a wide taxonomic distribution among eukaryotes. Although they are dispensable, they can acquire mechanisms to be overrepresented in the next generation and therefore avoid being eliminated. These elements have been discovered in < 2% of the karyotyped anurans. B chromosomes were described for Argentine and Brazilian populations of Boana albopunctata, a Neotropical tree frog widely distributed in the central region of South America. We assessed the distribution of B chromosomes in this species via cytogenetic studies of 365 specimens from Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. We found that 101 individuals carried B chromosomes, with striking differences in their frequency of occurrence among localities. Our findings might be related to the evolutionary dynamics of these elements. Microdissection and chromosome painting experiments demonstrated sequence similarity between B chromosomes from localities that are > 1000 km apart, showing the most widely distributed B chromosome system known for anurans. The B chromosome system of B. albopunctata might help to fill the general knowledge gap for these elements in anurans compared with other vertebrates.
  • ItemArtigo
    Revealing the cryptic diversity of the widespread and poorly known South American blind snake genus Amerotyphlops (Typhlopidae: Scolecophidia) through integrative taxonomy
    (Oxford Univ Press, 2022-11-12) Graboski, Roberta ; Arredondo, Juan C. ; Grazziotin, Felipe G. ; Guerra-Fuentes, Ricardo Arturo ; Da Silva, Ariane A. A. ; Prudente, Ana L. C. ; Pinto, Roberta R. ; Rodrigues, Miguel T. ; Bonatto, Sandro L. ; Zaher, Hussam ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi ; Univ CES ; Inst Butantan ; Univ Fed Para ; Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia ; Univ Catolica Pernambuco ; Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio Grande do Sul
    Morphological stasis is generally associated with relative constancy in ecological pressures throughout time, producing strong stabilizing selection that retains similar shared morphology. Although climate and vegetation are commonly the main key factors driving diversity and phenotypic diversification in terrestrial vertebrates, fossorial organisms have their morphology mostly defined by their fossorial lifestyle. Among these secretive fossorial organisms, blind snakes of the South American genus Amerotyphlops are considered poorly studied when compared to other taxa. Here, we evaluate the cryptic diversity of Amerotyphlops using phylogenetic and multivariate approaches. We based our phylogenetic analysis on a molecular dataset composed of 12 gene fragments (eight nuclear and four mitochondrial) for 109 species of Typhlopidae. The multivariate analysis was implemented using 36 morphological variables for 377 specimens of Amerotyphlops. Additionally, we contrast our phylogenetic result with the morphological variation found in cranial, external and hemipenial traits. Our phylogenetic results recovered with strong support the following monophyletic groups within Amerotyphlops: (1) a clade formed by A. tasymicris and A. minuisquamus; (2) a clade composed of A. reticulatus; (3) a north-eastern Brazilian clade including A. yonenagae, A. arenensis, A. paucisquamus and A. amoipira; and (4) a clade composed of A. brongersmianus and a complex of cryptic species. Based on these results we describe four new species of Amerotyphlops from north-eastern and south-eastern Brazil, which can be distinguished from the morphologically similar species, A. brongersmianus and A. arenensis.
  • ItemArtigo
    Phylogeographic Model Selection Leads to Insight into the Evolutionary History of Four-Eyed Frogs
    (Natl Academies Press, 2017-01-01) Thome, Maria Tereza C. ; Carstens, Bryan C. ; Avise, J. C. ; Ayala, F. J. ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Ohio State Univ
    Phylogeographic research investigates biodiversity at the interface between populations and species, in a temporal and geographic context. Phylo-geography has benefited from analytical approaches that allow empiricists to estimate parameters of interest from the genetic data (e.g., theta = 4Ne mu, population divergence, gene flow), and the widespread availability of genomic data allow such parameters to be estimated with greater precision. However, the actual inferences made by phylogeographers remain dependent on qualitative interpretations derived from these parameters' values and as such may be subject to overinterpretation and confirmation bias. Here we argue in favor of using an objective approach to phylogeographic inference that proceeds by calculating the probability of multiple demographic models given the data and the subsequent ranking of these models using information theory. We illustrate this approach by investigating the diversification of two sister species of four-eyed frogs of northeastern Brazil using single nucleotide polymorphisms obtained via restriction- associated digest sequencing. We estimate the composite likelihood of the observed data given nine demographic models and then rank these models using the Akaike information criterion. We demonstrate that estimating parameters under a model that is a poor fit to the data is likely to produce values that lead to spurious phylogeographic inferences. Our results strongly imply that identifying which parameters to estimate from a given system is a key step in the process of phylogeographic inference and is at least as important as being able to generate precise estimates of these parameters. They also illustrate that the incorporation of model uncertainty should be a component of phylogeographic hypothesis tests.
  • ItemArtigo
    A new species of Crossodactylodes from the Espinhaço Mountain Range, Southeastern Brazil (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Paratelmatobiinae)
    (Herpetologists League, 2023-06-28) Santos, Marcus Thadeu Teixeira ; Pinheiro, Paulo Durães Pereira ; Garcia, Paulo Christiano de Anchietta ; Griffiths, Richard A. ; Haddad, Célio Fernando Baptista ; Barata, Izabela Menezes ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
    The bromeligenous genus Crossodactylodes, endemic to the Atlantic Forest domain and the “campo rupestre” ecosystem in Brazil, currently comprises five named species. Three additional putatively new species have already been proposed in a recent study based on mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Here we employ phenotypic data to corroborate the distinctiveness of one of these lineages, and describe it as a new species, from the Espinhaço Mountain Range in the municipality of Itamarandiba, state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. We also provide information on its natural history and conservation status. The new species is diagnosable from its congeners by a combination of characters, including the presence of vocal slits in adult males, the orange coloration of discs on fingers and toes, and the presence of vomerine odontophores. The new species is the second Crossodactylodes to be reported for the “campo rupestre” and it was only recorded in a small forest patch composed of low trees, shrubs, mosses, lichens, and a high density of bromeliads.
  • ItemArtigo
    Stomach contents of birds from the Brazilian Cerrado savannas
    (2022-01-01) Oniki-Willis, Yoshika ; Willis, Edwin O. ; Machado, Vera Ligia Letizio ; Lopes, Leonardo Esteves ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)
    Birds are important bioindicators and have been frequently used to ascertain and monitor environmental changes. Therefore, even today in the twenty-first century, it is of great importance to study and accumulate basic information on birds’ natural history, including their diet. Here, we analyzed 180 stomach contents for 93 species of birds belonging to 34 families. These birds have been collected mostly in the Brazilian Cerrado savannas, with some few samples obtained in the Atlantic Forest. We found in the stomach contents analyzed mostly arthropods, especially the insect orders Coleoptera and Hymenoptera. Vegetable matter, especially fruits, grains, and unidentified seeds, was also prevalent, but it was often not possible to identify the botanical material, which was frequently ground up. This is one of the most comprehensive studies to date about the diet of Brazilian birds, covering a poorly sampled region in the state of Mato Grosso as well as understudied species.
  • ItemArtigo
    Trip durations of daily and seasonal foraging activities in Mischocyttarus nomurae (Richards) (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)
    (2022-01-01) da Silva, Ramona S. ; Rocha, Agda A. ; Giannotti, Edilberto ; Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    The study of foraging activity in wasps is important to understand the social organization and its evolutionary success. We examined aspects of the daily and seasonal foraging activities of Mischocyttarus nomurae Richards wasps, in terms of individual trip durationin the collection of different resources. The study was undertaken in two areas in the municipality of Rio de Contas, Bahia State, Brazil. Observations were done for 10 colonies of M. nomurae in their post-emergence phase under natural conditions, five during the rainy period and five during the dry period. The amplitudes of the activity hours were similar between the two periods. The foraging efficiency index was higher (80.56%) during the rainy period than during the dry period (74.42%), with greater percentages of returns with all foraged items (with the exception of prey captures). Temperature influenced positively and significantly the number of trips performed during the rainy period, while temperature and luminosity positively influenced the number of trips performed during the dry period. The mean duration of trips for different resources were greater during the dry period (with the exception of wood pulp), although those differences were not statistically significant. Wasps spent the most part of their time nectar (83.60 min), followed by prey (21.06 min), and wood pulp (1.40 min). We observed that 52.56% of the foraging individuals of M. nomurae collected only a single resource type.
  • ItemArtigo
    Rapid karyotypic evolution with high diploid number variation in a rare genus of bromeligenous frogs
    (Canadian Science Publishing, 2022-03-11) Pedroso, Ricardo Neves ; Santos, Marcus Thadeu Teixeira ; Lourenço, Luciana Bolsoni ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) ; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) ; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)
    Bromeligenous Crossodactylodes is a leptodactylid genus closely related to Paratelmatobius and Scythrophrys. The diploid number in all karyotyped species of these two latter genera is 24, which diverges from the modal diploid number (2n = 22) in the family. Here, we analyzed three species of Crossodactylodes and found karyotypes with 2n = 30, 2n = 32, and 2n = 36, diploid numbers that have not been reported in any other diploid leptodactylid species to date. Reconstruction of the ancestral chromosome number indicated that the diploid number changed from 22 to 24 in the common ancestor of Crossodactylodes, Paratelmatobius, and Scythrophrys, and that progressive increases in diploid number have occurred in Crossodactylodes. The large number of telocentric/subtelocentric chromosomes in karyotypes with higher diploid numbers raises the possibility that centric fissions may have occurred during the evolution of Paratelmatobiinae. Three metacentric chromosomes, probably involved in fission events, were inferred to be present in the common ancestor of all species of Crossodactylodes, but in C. bokermanni. Chromosome mapping of the satellite DNA PcP190 suggests homology between one arm of metacentric chromosome 1 of Crossodactylodes sp. 3 and telocentric chromosome 2 of C. itambe, supporting one of the presumed centric fission events.
  • ItemArtigo
    Developmental plasticity in amphibian larvae across the world: Investigating the roles of temperature and latitude
    (2022-05-01) Sinai, Noa ; Glos, Julian ; Mohan, Ashwini V. ; Lyra, Mariana L. ; Riepe, Maya ; Thöle, Elena ; Zummach, Cecile ; Ruthsatz, Katharina ; Universität Hamburg ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Technische Universität Braunschweig
    Temperature-induced developmental plasticity could allow amphibian larvae to complete metamorphosis successfully despite new thermal challenges and increased desiccation risk due to climate change. Here we investigated how the capacity for temperature-induced developmental plasticity varies with latitude and whether population-specific biogeographic background accounts for the different degree of plastic responses to temperature. We carried out a combined analysis based on the data from 150 studies (93 articles) performed on 64 amphibian species. We collected empirical data for age and size at metamorphosis in amphibian larvae acclimated to different temperatures during development and found that all larvae from all populations in these studies revealed a change in metamorphic traits with a given change in temperature and thus, were able to exhibit temperature-induced developmental plasticity. Age at metamorphosis was more affected by temperature than size at metamorphosis. Age and size at the onset of metamorphosis were generally lowest at warmest temperatures during development. Furthermore, populations from tropical latitudes were less sensitive to a change in developmental temperature compared to populations from higher latitudes. Accordingly, we suggest tropical populations to be the most vulnerable to increasing temperatures during metamorphosis. Our analyses reveal biases with respect to taxonomy, biogeographic distribution of species, and study design. Data from tropical populations are underrepresented and thus, the capacity for developmental plasticity of the most threatened species probably remains poorly understood. Future studies should focus on under-represented regions, most threatened species, and include a broader range of temperatures during development in order to make robust projections on future sensitivity of populations to climate change.
  • ItemArtigo
    Diet of two coexisting martins (Passeriformes: Hirundinidae) from southeastern Brazil
    (2022-01-01) Oniki-Willis, Yoshika ; Willis, Edwin O. ; Machado, Vera Ligia Letizio ; Lopes, Leonardo Esteves ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)
    Diets of birds are still a subject not well documented for many species of birds. Despite its importance for the understanding of the natural history and life history theory, the knowledge of Neotropical birds’ diet is still incipient. Here we studied the diets of two species of martins, the purple martin Progne subis and the brown-chested martin P. tapera, based on the analysis of the stomach contents of 61 individuals found dead or dying on 17 January 1987, in the city of Ribeirão Preto, state of São Paulo, Brazil. We found that both species had similar diets, feeding exclusively on insects, consuming mostly winged ants and termites. Many species of insects considered agricultural pests were recorded in the samples analyzed.
  • ItemArtigo
    Rhamnolipids and essential oils in the control of mosquito-borne tropical diseases
    (2021-10-01) Salazar-Bryam, Ana Maria ; Silva, Vinicius Luis ; de Abreu, Marina Rodrigues ; Matos, Renata Silva ; da Rocha, Mateus Aparecido Gonçalves ; Neves, Raphael Culim ; Camargo-Mathias, Maria Izabel ; Von Zuben, Claudio José ; Lovaglio, Roberta Barros ; Contiero, Jonas ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar)
    The diseases transmitted by mosquito vectors are a great public health issue. Thus, effective vector control becomes the main strategy to reduce their prevalence. However, insecticide resistance has become a huge concern for the mitigation of mosquitoes; here, we propose the use of rhamnolipids in emulsion with clove oil against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. The toxicity of rhamnolipids and clove oil to two species of mosquitoes transmitting tropical diseases was investigated. After 24 h, the LC50 was 140 mg/L when rhamnolipids were used and 154 mg/L when clove oil was used against Aedes aegypti larvae. In the case of Culex quinquefasciatus, the LC50 was 130 mg/L for rhamnolipids and 19 mg/L for clove oil. When the concentrations of the upper limits of one of the solutions (rhamnolipid or clove oil) were mixed, 100% mortality was obtained after 24 h. The bioassay of insecticidal action for solutions of rhamnolipids and clove oil in the lower limit, upper limit, and lethal concentration 50 to determine the effect on 50% of the population (KD50) achieved low results from KD50 to the upper limit compared to the other concentrations for both Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. The rhamnolipids and clove oil at the upper limit concentration had the greatest repellent activity against the two mosquito species. Bioassays using different concentrations of rhamnolipids revealed variations in the morphology of the intestinal epithelium (800 mg/L). A concentration of 900 mg/L led to the most severe morphological changes in the organization of the epithelium and the cells lining the intestines of these larvae. When larvae were exposed to a concentration of 1000 mg/L, the marginalization of chromatin in the nucleus of epithelial cells was very severe, indicating the onset of cell death. Key points • The toxicity of rhamnolipids and clove oil has a larvicidal, insecticidal, and repellent effect. • The combination of concentrations of these compounds enhances their action. • Different concentrations of rhamnolipids led to severe morphological changes in the organization of the epithelium and the cells and the intestines of larvae. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
  • ItemArtigo
    Nest Architecture and Animals Associated with Neoponera verenae (Forel) (Formicidae, Ponerinae)
    (2021-09-01) Moleiro, Hugo R ; Silva-Melo, Adolfo Da ; Giannotti, Edilberto ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade Federal Do Tocantins
    The nests of ants Neoponera have chambers that can also be occupied by other species of organisms that can be tenants, visitors or prey. However, few studies have considered the assemblage of the associated species and described their composition. This study aimed to describe the architecture and catalog the visitors and prey species found in Neoponera verenae nests. Talcum powder was pumped inside eight nests to mark the chambers and tunnels. The nests were then excavated to describe the architecture and obtain measurements of chambers. The associated species encountered in the nests were collected and identified allowing us to obtain new records of visiting (Linepithema sp., cryptodesmid millipedes and Neotropacarus sp.) and prey taxa (membracids, apid bees and springtails) of N. verenae. Generally, nests had a single entrance hole and a depth of up to 42 cm. Nest chambers were found with three basic forms, elliptical, hangers and boot. Although studies show that this species can occupy abandoned nests of leaf-cutting ants, we found that the nests of N. verenae were more similar to those of Ectatomma ants. Indeed, we found one of the N. verenae nests was attached to a Ectatomma edentatum nest, leading us to suggest that N. verenae may occupy abandoned nests or displace other ants to occupy them.
  • ItemArtigo
    Length–weight relationship for ten native fish species captured in the streams of the Contas River basin, Northeastern Mata Atlântica freshwater ecoregion, Brazil
    (2021-01-01) Teixeira da Silva, André ; Goitein, Roberto ; Barreto Souza, Fabiane ; de Souza Martins, Manuela ; Jucá-Chagas, Ricardo ; Ferreira, Fabio Cop ; Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia - UESB ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Ciência e Tecnologia Baiano - IFBA ; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    This work describes the length-weight relationship (LWR) of ten fish species from the Contas River Basin, Bahia State, Brazil. Sampling was conducted quarterly between November 2012 and November 2013 in 18 wadeable streams (nine in the Diamantina Plateau, Caatinga biome, and nine in the Atlantic forest biome). The fishes were caught using electrofishing (800V DC) and hand nets (2.0 mm mesh size) in 50 meters stretch by the sample unit. Collected fishes were fixed in formalin and preserved in alcohol, and thus some shrinking probably occurred. The values of parameter b of the LWR (W = aLb) ranged between 2.763 and 3.267. It is the first record of LWR parameters for nine species, all endemic to Northeastern Mata Atlântica freshwater ecoregion (NMAF). Moreover, new maximum lengths are presented for five species.
  • ItemArtigo
    Effects of different levels of hypoxia and hypercarbia on ventilation and gas exchange in Boa constrictor amaralis and Crotalus durissus (Squamata: Serpentes)
    (2021-12-01) Oda, Gustavo Marega ; Leite, Cléo Alacantara Costa ; Abe, Augusto Shinya ; Klein, Wilfried ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    Ventilation and gas exchange have been studied in relatively few species of snakes, especially regarding their response to environmental hypoxia or hypercarbia. We exposed Crotalus durissus (N = 6) and Boa constrictor (N = 6) to decreasing levels of oxygen (12, 9, 6, 3 % O2) and increasing levels of carbon dioxide (1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0 % CO2) and analyzed the effect of the different gas mixtures on ventilation and gas exchange using open-flow respirometry. Neither hypoxia nor hypercarbia significantly altered the duration of expiration or inspiration, nor their proportions. Both hypoxia and hypercarbia increased minute ventilation, but the decrease in oxygen had a less pronounced effect on ventilation. Gas exchange under normoxic conditions was low and was not significantly affected by hypoxia, but hypercarbia decreased gas exchange significantly in both species. While B. constrictor maintained its respiratory exchange ratio (RER) under hypercarbia between 0.5 and 1.0, C. durissus showed a RER above 1.0 during hypercarbia, due to a significantly greater CO2 excretion. The overall responses of both species to hypercarbia and especially to hypoxia were very similar, which could be associated to similar lifestyles as ambush hunting sit-and-wait predators that are able to ingest large prey items. The observed differences in gas exchange could be related to respiratory systems with macroscopically different structures, possessing only a tracheal lung in C. durissus, but two functional lungs in B. constrictor.
  • ItemArtigo
    Functional morphology of the lungs of the green iguana, Iguana iguana, in relation of Body mass (Squamata: Reptilia)
    (2018-01-01) Peixoto, Danilo ; Klein, Wilfried ; Abe, Augusto Shinya ; Da Cruz, André Luis ; Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; National Institute of Science and Technology in Comparative Physiology
    Body mass is one of the most influencing factors of metabolic rate and gas exchange of animals, and also related to activity pattern and occupancy of ecological niches. This study aimed to understand the relationships between body mass (MB) and morpho-functional features of the lungs of Iguana iguana, through morphological and morphometric characterization of the structural elements of the respiratory system. Iguana iguana has lungs of the transitional type, the heterogeneously distributed parenchyma being faveolar in cranial and medial regions and trabecular in the caudal region. Within the parenchyma, 43.6 ± 25.5% corresponds to faveoli, 18.0 ± 5.9% to interfaveolar septa, and 38.7 ± 31.6% to trabeculae. Within the interfaveolar septa, 9.4 ± 4.0% corresponds to blood capillaries, 4.4 ± 1.0% to type I pneumocytes and 3.9 ± 1.1% to type II pneumocytes. Allometric analyses showed that lung (MB0.8949) and parenchymal volume (MB1.030) scale with MB in I. iguana just as in other lizards with unicameral or transitional lungs, which was unexpected for lung volume, since reptilian lung volume is generally considered to scale as MB0.75. The functional morphology of the lungs in I. iguana seems to play an important role to meet the metabolic demands through ontogenetic growth.
  • ItemArtigo
    Activity, acoustic repertoire and social interactions of the red toadlet, Brachycephalus pitanga (Anura: Brachycephalidae)
    (2017-01-01) de Oliveira, Eliziane Garcia ; Haddad, Célio Fernando Baptista ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    The genus Brachycephalus is endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest with most of its known species having been described only recently. In contrast to growing body of knowledge regarding the taxonomy of this genus, there remains a lack of general knowledge about their biology. Herein, we aim to describe the acoustic repertoire, social interactions between males and temporal pattern of reproductive activity of Brachycephalus pitanga. Humidity was the main explanatory factor for variation in the number of calling males throughout the year. We describe five calls types for the species: advertisement, territorial, encounter, warm-up and antiphony. The contexts in which these call types are emitted and their temporal and spectral parameters are discussed. During territorial disputes male frogs exhibited increasing levels of aggressiveness, beginning with the emission of territorial calls, escalating through encounter calls and visual signals and culminating in physical contests.
  • ItemArtigo
    Notes on the breeding behaviour of the Neotropical toadlet Dendrophryniscus brevipollicatus (Anura: Bufonidae), a bromeliad phytotelmata specialist
    (2017-01-27) Malagoli, Leo Ramos ; Trevine, Vivian ; Condez, Thais Helena ; Centeno, Fernanda da Cruz ; Berneck, Bianca von Muller ; Haddad, Célio Fernando Baptista ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; University of Otago
    Anurans are considered to have the greatest diversity of reproductive modes among the major groups of terrestrial vertebrates. In the Bufonidae, oviposition can occur in pools and give rise to exotrophic tadpoles (e.g., the genus Rhinella) or it may be more specialized with a tendency toward terrestriality, with egg deposition and endotrophic tadpoles in phytotelmata (e.g., some species in the genera Dendrophryniscus, Frostius, and Melanophryniscus). Dendrophryniscus brevipollicatus is widely distributed in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil, and has a life cycle that is completely associated with bromeliads. Data about the reproductive biology of the genus Dendrophryniscus are almost non-existent. Our main goal was to describe aspects of the reproductive behaviour of D. brevipollicatus from field observations made at six different localities in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. We recorded, for the first time, 17 individuals of D. brevipollicatus exhibiting behaviours that suggest the occurrence of parental care in the form of egg attendance or tadpole attendance. Furthermore, we report male-male mate competition for the genus Dendrophryniscus, in which a single male tried to displace an amplexed male.
  • ItemTrabalho apresentado em evento
    Regularized linear and nonlinear autoregressive models for dengue confirmed-cases prediction
    (2015-01-01) Sousa, Larissa Braz ; Von Zuben, Claudio J. ; Von Zuben, Fernando J. ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
    Based solely on the dengue confirmed-cases of six densely populated urban areas in Brazil, distributed along the country, we propose in this paper regularized linear and nonlinear autoregressive models for one-week ahead prediction of the future behaviour of each time series. Though exhibiting distinct temporal behaviour, all the time series were properly predicted, with a consistently better performance of the nonlinear predictors, based on MLP neural networks. Additional local information associated with environmental conditions will possibly improve the performance of the predictors. However, without including such local environmental variables, such as temperature and rainfall, the performance was proven to be acceptable and the applicability of the methodology can then be directly extended to endemic areas around the world characterized by a poor monitoring of environmental conditions. For tropical countries, predicting the short-term evolution of dengue confirmed-cases may represent a decisive feedback to guide the definition of effective sanitary policies.
  • ItemNota
    Scanning technique and virtual availability of the type material from the amphibian collection “Célio F. B. Haddad” (CFBH)
    (2014-12-21) da Silva, Nelson Rodrigues ; Orrico, Victor Goyannes Dill ; de Sá, Fábio Perin ; Haddad, Célio Fernando Baptista ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)