Araçatuba - FOA - Faculdade de Odontologia

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Crianças e adolescentes com diabetes mellitus possuem maior colonização oral por Candida que crianças e adolescentes saudáveis? Uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 0002-04-24) Oliveira, Evelyn Carmo ; Monteiro, Douglas Roberto ; Sampaio, Caio
Objetivo: Esta revisão sistemática comparou a colonização oral por Candida entre crianças e adolescentes diabéticos versus saudáveis, e entre diabéticos com bom e mau controle glicêmico. Uma pesquisa eletrônica foi realizada em seis diferentes bases de dados, incluindo PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane e Lilacs. Metodologia: O protocolo dessa revisão foi baseado nas recomendações do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis, enquanto o risco de viés foi avaliado de acordo com a ferramenta Critical Appraisal do Joanna Briggs Institute. Para avaliar a relação entre Candida/levedura oral e diabetes mellitus, seis meta-análises foram realizadas comparando diabéticos com hemoglobina glicada (HbG) > 7,5% versus não diabéticos, diabéticos com HbG < 7,5% versus não diabéticos e diabéticos com HbG > 7,5% versus diabéticos com HbG < 7,5%. A certeza de evidência foi avaliada de acordo com o sistema Granding of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Resultados: Ao se comparar crianças e adolescentes diabéticos com HbG < 7,5% versus não diabéticos e HbG > 7,5% versus HbG < 7,5%, diferenças significativas não foram observadas em relação à carga fúngica e à chance de detecção de Candida/leveduras. Por sua vez, crianças e adolescentes diabéticos com HbG > 7,5% apresentaram maior chance de detecção de Candida albicans do que não diabéticos (OR 2,329 [1,105; 4,908], p=0,026). Contudo, ambos os grupos apresentaram a mesma chance de detecção de leveduras não especificadas e a mesma carga fúngica. Conclusão: Foi possível concluir que somente a frequência de detecção de C. albicans foi significativamente maior para os indivíduos diabéticos com mau controle glicêmico em comparação aos indivíduos saudáveis, com uma certeza de evidência classificada como muito baixa para todas as análises.
Avaliação do estresse oxidativo em células esfoliadas de diferentes regiões da mucosa de pacientes com câncer de boca e orofaringe
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2024-06-01) Duarte, Pedro Victor Silva ; Bernabé, Daniel Galera ; Mingoti, Gisele Zoccal
O câncer de cabeça e pescoço representa um desafio significativo para a saúde global, justificando investigações abrangentes dos seus mecanismos moleculares subjacentes. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os níveis de estresse oxidativo em células esfoliadas da região tumoral e duas regiões de mucosa não tumoral de pacientes com câncer de boca e orofaringe. Pacientes e Métodos: Para avaliar a expressão de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS) em células esfoliadas de diferentes áreas da mucosa de pacientes com carcinoma espinocelular (CEC) de boca e orofaringe, células epiteliais esfoliadas foram coletadas da região tumoral (T), peritumoral (PT) e contralateral (CL). As células provenientes das três regiões foram submetidas à mensuração da expressão intracelular de ROS por meio da sonda fluorescente H2DCFDA. Variáveis demográficas e clinico patológicas foram extraídas dos prontuários clínicos e suas associações com os níveis celulares de ROS foram avaliadas. Resultados: Houve uma tendência de aumento dos níveis de expressão intracelular de ROS nas células da região tumoral em relação as regiões PT e CL, mas este resultado não atingiu significância estatística (p>0,05). Não houve diferença na expressão intracelular de ROS entre as regiões PT e CL (p>0,05). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nos níveis intracelulares de ROS para nenhuma das 3 regiões analisadas entre os pacientes com tumores de boca em relação aos pacientes com tumores de orofaringe (p>0,05). As células esfoliadas da região do tumor dos pacientes fumantes e com a doença em estágio clínico avançado apresentaram um discreto aumento da expressão de ROS, sem atingir significância estatística. Conclusão: O método desenvolvido neste estudo preliminar foi eficaz na identificação e medição dos níveis de espécies reativas de oxigênio em células esfoliadas da região tumoral e áreas da mucosa não tumoral de pacientes com câncer de boca e orofaringe.
Analysis of salivary flow rate, biochemical composition, and redox status in orchiectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats
(2023-08-01) de Oliveira, Ana Carolina Fujimori ; Brito, Victor Gustavo Balera ; Ramos, Guilherme Henrique Alves dos Santos ; Werlang, Matheus Lima Cypriano ; Fiais, Gabriela Alice ; Dornelles, Rita Cássia Menegati ; Antoniali, Cristina ; Nakamune, Ana Cláudiade Melo Stevanato ; Fakhouri, Walid D. ; Chaves-Neto, Antonio Hernandes ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; School of Dentistry ; University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
Objective: This study aimed to analyze the salivary flow rate, biochemical composition, and redox status in orchiectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) compared to normotensive Wistar rats. Design: Thirty-two young adult male SHR and Wistar (3-months-old) rats were randomly distributed into four groups; either castrated bilaterally (ORX) or underwent fictitious surgery (SHAM) as Wistar-SHAM, Wistar-ORX, SHR-SHAM, and SHR-ORX. Two months beyond castration, pilocarpine-induced salivary secretion was collected from 5-month-old rats to analyze salivary flow rate, pH, buffer capacity, total protein, amylase, calcium, phosphate, sodium, potassium, chloride, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs), carbonyl protein, nitrite, and total antioxidant capacity. Results: The salivary flow rate was higher in the Wistar-ORX compared to the Wistar-SHAM group, while remaining similar between the SHR-SHAM and SHR-ORX groups. ORX did not affect pH and salivary buffer capacity in both strains. However, salivary total protein and amylase were significantly reduced in the Wistar-ORX and SHR-ORX compared to the respective SHAM groups. In both ORX groups, salivary total antioxidant capacity and carbonylated protein were increased, while lipid oxidative damage (TBARs) and nitrite concentration were higher only in the Wistar-ORX than in the Wistar-SHAM group. In the Wistar-ORX and SHR-ORX, the salivary calcium, phosphate, and chloride were increased while no change was detected in the SHAM groups. Only salivary buffering capacity, calcium, and chloride in the SHR-ORX adjusted to values similar to Wistar-SHAM group. Conclusion: Hypertensive phenotype mitigated the orchiectomy-induced salivary dysfunction, since the disturbances were restricted to alterations in the salivary biochemical composition and redox state.
Hand instrumentation provides improved tissue response over ultrasonic scaler and substantiates safe dental practice: An in vivo study in rats
(2023-05-01) de Almeida, Juliano Milanezi ; de Araujo, Nathália Januario ; Matheus, Henrique Rinaldi ; de Abreu Furquim, Elisa Mara ; Piovezan, Bianca Rafaeli ; Fiorin, Luiz Guilherme ; Ervolino, Edilson ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of hand debridement (HD) versus ultrasonic dental scaler (UDS) for the treatment of experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats. Material and methods Thirty 3-month-old male rats were used. EP was induced around the mandibular first molars (right and left). Seven days after induction, the treatments with either HD (n = 30) or UDS (n = 30) were randomly performed in each molar. Euthanasia were performed at 7, 15, and 30 days after treatment. Histometric (percentage of bone in the furcation [PBF]), histopathological, and immunohistochemical (for detection of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase [TRAP] and osteocalcin [OCN]). Parametric data (PBF and TRAP) was analyzed by One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-test. OCN was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis followed by Student-Newman-Keuls post-test. The level of significance was 5%. Results Group HD presented higher PBF and lower TRAP-immunolabeling at 30 days as compared with UDS in the same period (p≤0.05). Group HD presented higher OCN immunolabeling at 30 days as compared with 7 and 15 days (p≤0.05). Persistent and exacerbated inflammatory process was observed in some specimens from group UDS at 30 days, as well as the bone trabeculae presented irregular contour, surrounded by many active osteoclasts. Conclusion Nonsurgical periodontal therapy with HD resulted in higher PBF and lower expression of TRAP as compared with UDS. Also, HD increased the expression of OCN over time.
Role of junctional epithelium in maintaining dento-gingival adhesion and periodontal health
(2023-01-01) Theodoro, Letícia Helena ; Garcia, Valdir Gouveia ; Ervolino, Edilson ; Holcroft, James ; McCulloch, Christopher A. ; Ganss, Bernhard ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Latin American Institute of Dental Research and Education (ILAPEO) ; University of Toronto
The dento-gingival junction comprises multiple epithelia including the junctional epithelium (JE), which is the most coronally-located structural element of the dento-gingival junction that demarcates external from internal periodontal environments. After tooth eruption into the oral cavity, a specialized basal lamina is formed that provides firm attachment of the JE to the enamel. This attachment prevents microbial species and oral debris from entering subjacent periodontal tissues. Here we discuss the expression of certain JE adhesion molecules and enamel proteins that maintain the health of the dento-gingival junction but that are perturbed in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. We also consider how evolutionary processes have influenced the development of the JE as a specialized adhesion that is well-suited for protection of the dento-gingival junction. A detailed understanding of the biology of the JE will deepen current models of dento-gingival adhesion, potentially clarify inter-patient variability of susceptibility to periodontitis and help to identify new roles of enamel proteins in periodontal regeneration.
Systematic review: Impact of parental decision on paediatric COVID-19 vaccination
(2023-01-01) Garbin, Artênio José Ísper ; Chiba, Erika Kiyoko ; Garbin, Cléa Adas Saliba ; Chiba, Fernando Yamamoto ; Moimaz, Suzely Adas Saliba ; Saliba, Tânia Adas ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Objective: The objective was to carry out a systematic review on the acceptance of parents to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 and the factors that contribute for vaccination hesitancy. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Re- views and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the Patient, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome (PICO) strategy were followed. A search was carried out in the VHL Regional Portal, PubMed, Scielo, Web of Science, Embase and Scopus databases. We included articles that assessed the rate of acceptance and/or hesitation of parents and the factors that affect the decision about vaccination against COVID-19 for their children in cross-sectional studies. Laboratory studies, animal models, tests and case reports that elected other aspects related to COVID-19 were excluded. The methodological quality of the studies was based on the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data, developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Results: From the 708 articles found, 237 studies remained after removal of duplicates. Titles and abstracts of these publications were evaluated and, applying the exclusion criteria, 56 articles were selected. Inclusion criteria were employed and 28 studies were eligible. Overall average vaccination acceptance rate was 55.81%, and the main reasons for vaccine hesitancy were uncertainty of vaccine efficacy and safety, concerns about side effects, and lack of access to relevant information. Conclusion: The research results can be useful for the development of health education and parental awareness strategies in order to promote greater adherence to vaccination against COVID-19.
Primary Healthcare reconditioning to face the COVID-19 pandemic, and perception by professionals of the measures implemented in a Brazilian district
(2023-04-01) Nascimento, Carolina Carvalho Menez Pinto ; Moimaz, Suzely Adas Saliba ; Saliba, Tânia Adas ; Garbin, Cléa Adas Saliba ; Saliba, Nemre Adas ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Objective: to describe the Primary Care (PC) scenario regarding reconditioning, equipment and organization of services in order to face the pandemic and to measure the perception by professionals regarding these adaptations. Method: a research with mixed method in a city of the San Pablo state (Brazil). In the quantitative stage, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 222 PC professionals; the adapted Risk assessment and management of exposure of health care workers in the context of COVID-19 questionnaire by the World Health Organization was implemented. This was followed by the qualitative approach, which consisted in field observation in four PC units. Results: out of the total, 86.94% (n= 193) mentioned that there was an assessment of the signs and symptoms of the users before consultation; 63.96% (n=142) stated that a daily cleaning routine was followed in the waiting room; 92.34% (n= 205) claimed that there were methods available for hand hygiene; 77.48% (n= 172) said that appointments were scheduled in order to maintain physical distancing; 80.12% (n= 178) had not conducted any reconditioning work, and 45.95% (n=102) provided educational materials to users. Conclusions: during field observation, some assessments for signs and symptoms in users were detected; no cleaning actions were observed in the units, it was perceived that there was not enough alcohol gel in the dispenser, there were no marks on the floor to keep distancing, there was a lack of educational materials, and it was not verified that any reconditioning work had been conducted. During data integration, there was convergence regarding physical structure and unit reconditioning.
Effect of ELVAX polymer subgingival implants with echistatin on extracted and reimplanted rats’ teeth
(2023-01-01) Pinheiro, Bethânia Camargo ; Pinheiro, Tiago Novaes ; Leite, Milena Gomes Melo ; Garcia, Roberto Brandão ; Bernardineli, Norberti ; Faria, Flávio Duarte ; Cintra, Luciano Tavares Angelo ; Bramante, Clovis Monteiro ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; Dental School of Amazonas State University ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
To investigate the effect of ELVAX polymer subgingival implants incorporated with echistatin peptide on incisor reimplanted tooth in rats. Forty-two male Wistars rats were divided into two groups: echistatin-treated rats (E) and control rats (C). The animals had their right maxillary incisors extracted and treated according to the International Association of Dental Traumatology replantation protocol. The extra-alveolar dry period was 30 and 60 min, and the post-surgical experimental periods were 15, 60, and 90 days. The samples were stained with H&E and analyzed for the presence of an inflammatory response, incidence of resorptions, and dental ankylosis. Results were statistically analyzed (p < 0.05). The presence of inflammatory resorption was significantly higher in group C at 30 and 60 min extra-alveolar time, in the 15-day postoperative period as compared with the E group (p < 0.05). Dental ankylosis was significantly more prevalent in group E in 30 min extra-alveolar time and 15 days postoperative period (p < 0.05). However, in 60 min extra-alveolar time and 60 days postoperative period, dental ankylosis was more prevalent in C group (p < 0.05). The use of ELVAX subgingival implants with echistatin demonstrated therapeutic potential in preventing the experimental resorption process after replantation of maxillary incisors in rats.
Higher expression of Th1/Th2-related cytokines in the intestine of Wistar rats with ligature-induced periodontitis
(2023-06-01) de Mello-Neto, João Martins ; Elangovan, Gayathiri ; Ervolino, Edilson ; Johnson, Newell Walter ; Gustafsson, Anders ; da Silva Figueredo, Carlos Marcelo ; Griffith University ; James Cook University ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Karolinska Institutet
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of ligature-induced periodontitis (LIP) on histopathological and immunological outcomes in the colon of Wistar rats. Background: It has been repeatedly shown that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are at higher risk of developing periodontitis and presenting worse oral health than non-IBD patients. However, whether the chronic inflammatory process around teeth contributes to the pathophysiology of IBD needs to be further explored. Materials and Methods: Thirteen Wistar rats were allocated into LIP (n = 7) and controls (n = 6). Half of the colon was processed for histopathological analyses and immunohistochemical (CD45); the other half was homogenized for immunological analyses. Periodontal destruction was confirmed by measuring the distance from the cementum-enamel junction to the mandible's apical position of the mesial interproximal bone. The immunological analyses were performed with the Bio-Plex Th1/Th2 assay. Results: There was a significantly higher interproximal bone loss in LIP compared to controls. The LIP group showed a moderate infiltrate of inflammatory cells, predominantly mononucleated cells in the intestinal tissues. There was significantly higher expression of GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12 (p70), IL-13, and TNF-α in the intestinal tissues of LIP group compared to controls. Conclusion: Ligature-induced periodontitis was associated with an overexpression of Th1/Th2-related cytokines in the colon of Wistar rats.
In vitro effect of low-fluoride toothpaste supplemented with sodium trimetaphosphate, xylitol, and erythritol on enamel demineralization
(2023-01-01) Oliveira, Letícia Gonçalves ; Delbem, Alberto Carlos Botazzo ; Gonçalves, Francyenne Maira Castro ; Fernandes, Gabriela Leal Peres ; Cannon, Mark L. ; Danelon, Marcelle ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital ; Faculdade de Odontologia
Regular use of toothpaste with fluoride (F) concentrations of ≥ 1000 ppm has been shown to contribute to reducing caries increment. However, when used by children during the period of dental development, it can lead to dental fluorosis. Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the in vitro effect of a toothpaste formulation with reduced fluoride (F) concentration (200 ppm) supplemented with sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP: 0.2%), Xylitol (X:16%), and Erythritol (E: 4%) on dental enamel demineralization. Methodology: Bovine enamel blocks were selected according to initial surface hardness (SHi) and then divided into seven experimental toothpaste groups (n=12). These groups included 1) no F-TMP-X-E (Placebo); 2) 16% Xylitol and 4% Erythritol (X-E); 3) 16% Xylitol, 4% Erythritol and 0.2%TMP (X-E-TMP); 4) 200 ppm F (no X-E-TMP: (200F)); 5) 200 ppm F and 0.2% TMP (200F-TMP); 6) 200 ppm F, 16% Xylitol, 4% Erythritol, and 0.2% TMP (200F-X-E-TMP); and 7) 1,100 ppm F (1100F). Blocks were individually treated 2×/day with slurries of toothpastes and subjected to a pH cycling regimen for five days (DES: 6 hours and RE: 18 hours). Then, the percentage of surface hardness loss (%SH), integrated loss of subsurface hardness (ΔKHN), fluoride (F), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) in enamel were determined. The data were analyzed by ANOVA (1-criterion) and the Student-Newman-Keuls test (p<0.001). Results: We found that the 200F-X-E-TMP treatment reduced %SH by 43% compared to the 1100F treatments (p<0.001). The ΔKHN was ~ 65% higher with 200F-X-E-TMP compared to 1100F (p<0.001). The highest concentration of F in enamel was observed on the 1100F treatment (p<0.001). The 200F-X-E-TMP treatment promote higher increase of Ca and P concentration in the enamel (p<0.001). Conclusion: The association of 200F-X-E-TMP led to a significant increase of the protective effect on enamel demineralization compared to the 1100F toothpaste.
Single intraoperative infrared laser optimized bone repair in rat femoral osteotomies with experimentally induced osteoporosis
(2023-12-01) Polo, Tárik Ocon Braga ; Fonseca-Santos, João Matheus ; Momesso, Gustavo Antonio Correa ; da Silva, William Phillip Pereira ; Barbosa, Stefany ; Santos, Anderson Maikon de Souza ; Silva, Mirela Caroline ; Garcia, Valdir Gouveia ; Theodoro, Letícia Helena ; Faverani, Leonardo P. ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; University of Santo Amaro
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of infrared laser (IRL) on bone repair in ovariectomized rats subjected to femoral osteotomies. Of 32 rats, half underwent bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) and the other half underwent sham ovariectomy (SHAM). A period of 3 months was defined to observe the presence of osteoporosis. The rats were subjected to osteotomies in the femurs and then fixed with a miniplate and 1.5-mm system screws. Thereafter, half of the rats from both SHAM and OVX groups were not irradiated, and the other half were irradiated by IRL using the following parameters: wavelength, 808 nm; power, 100 mW; 60 s for each point; 6 J/point; and a total of 5 points of bone gap. All animals were euthanized 60 days after surgery. The femur gap was scanned using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The samples were then examined under a confocal laser microscope to determine the amounts of calcein and alizarin red. The slides were stained with alizarin red and Stevenel’s blue for histometric analysis. In the micro-CT analysis, the OVX groups had the lowest bone volume (P < 0.05). When the laser was applied to the OVX groups, bone turnover increased (P < 0.05). New bone formation (NBF) was comparable between SHAM and OVX/IR (P > 0.05) groups; however, it was less in the OVX groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the results encourage the use of IRL intraoperatively as it optimizes bone repair, mainly in animals with low bone mineral density.
Analgesic potential of transdermal nicotine patch in surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled trials
(2023-05-01) da Silva Barbirato, Davi ; de Melo Vasconcelos, Amanda Freire ; Dantas de Moraes, Sandra Lúcia ; Pellizzer, Eduardo Piza ; do Egito Vasconcelos, Belmiro Cavalcanti ; University of Pernambuco (UPE) ; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE) ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Hospital da Restauração
Objectives: We aimed (1) to systematically review the efficacy of transdermal nicotine patches (NP) for postoperative analgesia, (2) to establish the current quality of evidence and assist clinical decision-making on the subject, and (3) to identify methodological limitations and the need for more well-designed studies. Materials and methods: We searched six electronic databases, protocol records, and other sources without date or language restriction until March 2022. To develop the search strategy, we formulated a clinical question by using the PICOD method. Eligibility criteria included randomised placebo-controlled trials on the analgesic potential of NP for surgical procedures. This systematic review followed the PRISMA 2020 statement, and we registered the protocol in PROSPERO (#CRD42020205956). Results: We included 10 randomised placebo-controlled trials (535 patients). The NP administered before induction of anaesthesia and at beginning of surgery reduced the pain immediately after surgery (−0.38; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.73 to −0.02), and 6 h (−0.34; 95% CI: −0.68 to −0.01), 12 h (−0.43; 95% CI: −0.71 to −0.15) and 24 h (−0.35; 95%CI: −0.59 to −0.10) after surgery, compared with the placebo patch (PP) group. Sensitivity testing suggests that opioid use could underestimate NP analgesia. Late demand for the first analgesic and consumption of rescue analgesics tended to be lower in the NP group. Conclusions: The current findings suggest, with low certainty of evidence, the analgesic potential of NP for surgical procedures. Clinical relevance: Perioperative use of NP significantly improved postoperative pain, even when opioids were administered or prescribed. Nevertheless, the clinical relevance should be interpreted with caution, owing to the effect sizes of the summary measures and methodological issues. The analgesic potential of NP as an adjuvant therapy to regulate pain and acute inflammation may offer certain clinical advantages, thus warranting further investigation.
Mechanism of action of Bioactive Endodontic Materials
(2023-01-01) Estrela, Carlos ; Cintra, Luciano Tavares Angelo ; Duarte, Marco Antônio Hungaro ; Rossi-Fedele, Giampiero ; Gavini, Giulio ; Sousa-Neto, Manoel Damião ; Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; University of Adelaide
A continuous search for bioactive materials capable of supporting the replacement of damaged pulp tissue, with effective sealing potential and biocompatibility, has represented the attention of studies over the last decades. This study involves a narrative review of the literature developed by searching representative research in PUBMED/MEDLINE and searches in textbooks associated with the mechanism of action of bioactive materials (calcium hydroxide, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and calcium silicate cements). The reflective analysis of the particularities of the chemical elements of these materials, considering the tissue and antibacterial mechanism of action, allows a better understanding of the characteristics and similarities in their tissue responses. Calcium hydroxide paste remains the antibacterial substance of choice as intracanal dressing for the treatment of root canal system infections. Calcium silicate cements, including MTA, show a favorable biological response with the stimulation of mineralized tissue deposition in sealed areas when in contact with connective tissue. This is due to the similarity between the chemical elements, especially ionic dissociation, the potential stimulation of enzymes in tissues, and the contribution towards an alkaline environment due to the pH of these materials. The behavior of bioactive materials, especially MTA and the new calcium silicate cements in the biological sealing activity, has been shown to be effective. Contemporary endodontics has access to bioactive materials with similar properties, which can stimulate a biological seal in lateral and furcation root perforations, root-end fillings and root fillings, pulp capping, pulpotomy, apexification, and regenerative endodontic procedures, in addition to other clinical conditions.
Mechanical properties and accuracy of removable partial denture frameworks fabricated by digital and conventional techniques: A systematic review
(2023-01-01) Souza Curinga, Míria Rafaelli ; Claudino Ribeiro, Anne Kaline ; de Moraes, Sandra Lúcia Dantas ; do Egito Vasconcelos, Belmiro Cavalcanti ; da Fonte Porto Carreiro, Adriana ; Pellizzer, Eduardo Piza ; Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) ; University of Pernambuco (UPE) ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Statement of problem: Providing a removable partial denture (RPD) can be a complex, time-consuming, and error-prone procedure. Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) techniques have shown promising clinical outcomes; however, the influence of manufacturing techniques on the properties of RPD components is unclear. Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the accuracy and mechanical properties of RPD components fabricated with conventional and digital methods. Material and methods: This study followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) and was registered on the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) database (CRD42022353993). An electronic search was conducted on PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library in August 2022. Only in vitro studies comparing the digital with the lost-wax casting technique were included. The quality of the studies was assessed by using the methodological index for nonrandomized studies (MINORS) scale. Results: Of the 17 selected studies, 5 evaluated the accuracy of RPD components as well as the mechanical properties, 5 studies evaluated only the component accuracy, and another 7 evaluated only the mechanical properties. The accuracy was similar regardless of the technique, with discrepancies within clinically acceptable values (50 to 426.3 μm). The surface roughness was higher for 3D-printed clasps and lower for milled clasps (P<.05). The metal alloy significantly influenced the porosity, with the highest number of pores obtained by casting for Ti clasps and by rapid prototyping for Co-Cr clasps. Conclusions: In vitro studies showed that the digital technique provided similar accuracy to that of the conventional technique within a clinically acceptable range. The manufacturing technique influenced the mechanical properties of RPD components.
Polydioxanone Membrane Compared with Collagen Membrane for Bone Regeneration
(2023-02-01) Quirino, Lilian Caldas ; de Azambuja Carvalho, Pedro Henrique ; Neto, Renato Torres Augusto ; Comachio, Cássio Amaro ; Monteiro, Naara Gabriela ; Ervolino-Silva, Ana Cláudia ; Okamoto, Roberta ; Pereira-Filho, Valfrido Antonio ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is an approach that induces osteopromotion through the regenerative membranes. These barriers exhibit bioactive behavior and mechanical function. Polydioxanone is a synthetic option, already used in medicine and dentistry, with good results in bone regeneration. This study aimed to evaluate bone repair in critical defects in rat calvaria using a polydioxanone membrane (Plenum® Guide) compared with a commercially available collagen-based membrane (Bio-Gide®). The bone defects were filled with Plenum® Osshp, a synthetic bone graft, hydroxyapatite:β-tricalcium phosphate, 70:30%, Group PG (Plenum® Guide + Plenum® Osshp), and Group BG (Geistlich Bio-Gide® + Plenum® Osshp). The specimens were submitted to immunohistochemical (RUNX2 and OPN), gene expression (RUNX2, IBSP, and VEGF), histometric, and microtomography analyses after 07, 15, 30, and 60 days postoperative. PG group showed greater immunolabeling area for RUNX2 and OPN, higher gene expression of VEGF (3.15 ± 0.85), and IBSP (24.9 ± 0.59). However, there was no statistical difference between groups in the histometric analysis regarding the percentage of connective tissue PG (0.83 ± 0.45), BG (0.70 ± 0.34), neoformed bone PG (0.60 ± 0.4), BG (0.65 ± 0.51), and remaining biomaterial PG (0.84 ± 0.31), BG (0.91 ± 0.33). In addition, there was no statistical difference between groups by micro-CT analysis. The absorbable-synthetic membrane, Plenum® Guide, is an effective membrane for guided bone regeneration.
The Activity of Calcium Glycerophosphate and Fluoride against Cariogenic Biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans Formed In Vitro
(2023-02-01) Cavazana, Thamires Priscila ; Hosida, Thayse Yumi ; Sampaio, Caio ; de Morais, Leonardo Antônio ; Monteiro, Douglas Roberto ; Pessan, Juliano Pelim ; Delbem, Alberto Carlos Botazzo ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE)
This study evaluated the effects of calcium glycerophosphate (CaGP), with or without fluoride (F), on dual-species biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. The biofilms were treated three times with 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5% CaGP solutions, with or without 500 ppm F (NaF). Additionally, 500 and 1100 ppm F-solutions and artificial saliva served as controls. After the final treatment, the microbial viability and biofilm structure, metabolic activity, total biomass production, and the composition of the extracellular matrix composition were analyzed. Regardless of the presence of F, 0.25 and 0.5% CaGP promoted a higher biomass production and metabolic activity increase than the controls (p < 0.05). F-free CaGP solutions reduced bacterial cell population significantly more than the 500 ppm F group or the negative control (p < 0.05). All the groups reduced the proteins, and 0.5% CaGP combined with F led to the highest reduction in the carbohydrate and nucleic acids content of the extracellular matrix (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that CaGP alone affected the number of bacterial cells and, when combined with F, reduced its production of biomass, metabolic activity, and the expression of the extracellular matrix components.
Inflammatory profile of apical periodontitis exacerbated by cigarette smoke inhalation: Histological and immunohistochemical analysis in rats
(2023-04-01) Vasques, Ana Maria Veiga ; da Silva, Ana Claudia Rodrigues ; Bueno, Carlos Roberto Emerenciano ; Cury, Marina Tolomei Sandoval ; Ervolino, Edilson ; Cintra, Luciano Tavares Angelo ; Dezan Junior, Eloi ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of cigarette smoke inhalation (CSI) on inflammation, pro-inflammatory mediators and haematological parameters in rats with induced apical periodontitis (AP). Methodology: Thirty-two 3-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups (n = 8): C—Control; S—rats with CSI; AP—rats with AP; and SAP—rats with CSI + AP. Animals in groups S and SAP inhaled cigarette smoke by remaining inside a smoking chamber for 8 min, three times daily, for 50 days. After 20 days of smoke inhalation, animals in AP and SAP groups had the pulps of the lower right first molar exposed to oral environment for 30 days to induce AP. In these subsequent 30 days, animals in group S and SAP continued with CSI. On Day 50, animals were euthanized and mandibles were histologically processed to assess inflammatory infiltrate, immunohistochemical interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α), and blood samples collected for laboratory analysis. The Mann–Whitney test was performed for non-parametric data and the pairwise analyses of Student's t-test for parametric data, with a significance level of p <.050. Results: Inflammatory infiltrate was moderate in AP group and more severe in the SAP (p =.010). The interleukins IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α were higher in SAP group (p <.001) when compared to the AP group. A greater number of red blood cells (p =.010), haemoglobin (p =.007) and neutrophils (p =.014) were observed in the SAP group in comparison with the AP group. Conclusion: Cigarette smoke inhalation induced a more severe inflammatory infiltrate, with increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and changes in haematological parameters in rats with induced AP. Thus, CSI aggravated AP, exacerbating the inflammatory response.
Biomechanical performance of three fiberglass post cementation techniques: Imaging, in vitro, and in silico analysis
(2023-01-01) Hoshino, Isis Almela Endo ; Dos Santos, Paulo Henrique ; Briso, Andre Luiz Fraga ; Sundfeld, Renato Herman ; Yamaguchi, Satoshi ; Rocha, Eduardo Passos ; Anchieta, Rodolfo Bruniera ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry ; Centro Universitario do Norte Paulista-UNIPOS UNORP
Purpose: The structural integrity of the resin cement layer, the bond strength, and the biomechanical behavior of different fiberglass post cementation techniques were evaluated. Methods: Thirty-three bovine incisors were divided into three groups (n = 11): conventional fiberglass post (CFP), conventional fiberglass post in flared root canals (CFL), and relined fiberglass post (RFP). Six specimens from each group were submitted for high-resolution microcomputed tomography (μCT) to evaluate the integrity and presence/volume of voids at the resin cement layer. Finite element analysis (FEA) of two three-dimensional (3D) models of each group were conducted, one considered ideal (without interface defects) and another containing the conditions identified in the μCT analysis. Push-out bond strength tests were conducted for all specimens. Results: The CFL group had the greatest mean values of void (Thirds cervical: 73.67; middle: 95.67; apical: 47.33) and gap concentration (Thirds cervical: 14.67; middle: 15.83; apical: 8.33) compared with CFP and RFP. A significant difference in bond strength was observed between the cervical (1.33 MPa) and middle thirds (1.85 MPa) compared with the apical third (4.85 MPa) of the CFL. A significant difference was observed in the bond strength in the CFL (1.33 MPa) and RFP (3.29 MPa) in the cervical third, which were statistically similar to the bond strength of the CFP. The tensile stress distributions were similar in most structures, localized in the cervical region on the lingual surface. Conclusions: Structural defects in the interface layer might influence the bond strength and biomechanical behavior under the different fiberglass post cementations.
Activity of Sodium Trimetaphosphate Nanoparticles on Cariogenic-Related Biofilms In Vitro
(2023-01-01) Amarante, Viviane de Oliveira Zequini ; Delbem, Alberto Carlos Botazzo ; Sampaio, Caio ; de Morais, Leonardo Antônio ; de Camargo, Emerson Rodrigues ; Monteiro, Douglas Roberto ; Pessan, Juliano Pelim ; Hosida, Thayse Yumi ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) ; University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE)
In light of the promising effect of sodium trimetaphosphate nanoparticles (TMPn) on dental enamel, in addition to the scarce evidence of the effects of these nanoparticles on biofilms, this study evaluated the activity of TMPn with/without fluoride (F) on the pH, inorganic composition and extracellular matrix (ECM) components of dual-species biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. The biofilms were cultivated in artificial saliva in microtiter plates and treated with solutions containing 1% or 3% conventional/microparticulate TMP (TMPm) or TMPn, with or without F. After the last treatment, the protein and carbohydrate content of the ECM was analyzed, and the pH and F, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and TMP concentrations of the biofilms were determined. In another set of experiments, after the last treatment, the biofilms were exposed to a 20% sucrose solution, and their matrix composition, pH, and inorganic component contents were evaluated. 3% TMPn/F significantly reduced ECM carbohydrate and increased biofilm pH (after sucrose exposure) than other treatments. Also, it significantly increased P and F levels before sucrose exposure in comparison to 3% TMPm/F. In conclusion, 3% TMPn/F affected the biofilm ECM and pH, besides influencing inorganic biofilm composition by increasing P and F levels in the biofilm fluid.
Effect of glaze and chlorhexidine on physical and mechanical properties of bis-acryl resin: An in situ study
(2022-07-01) Commar, Betina Chairelo ; Danelon, Marcelle ; Panitente, Paulo Augusto ; Silva, Emily Vivianne Freitas Da ; Bitencourt, Sandro Basso ; Barão, Valentim Adelino Ricrdo ; Neto, Clóvis Lamartine De Moraes Melo ; Goiato, Marcelo Coelho ; Santos, Daniela Micheline Dos ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
BACKGROUND: Temporary prosthesis protects the oral tissues, in addition to providing aesthetic look and masticatory function until a definitive prosthesis is manufactured. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of glaze and 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) on the physical and mechanical properties of bis-acryl, and to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of CHX. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty specimens of bis-acryl resin were made. Over 40 of them the glaze was applied. One specimen with and 1 specimen without glaze were placed in niches of an appliance manufactured for each patient. Each of the 20 volunteers received 2 devices. Initially, the volunteers used one device and treated it with sucrose for 7 days (control), and later they used the other device and treated it with sucrose and CHX for 7 days (test). Color, microhardness, roughness, surface energy, and insoluble extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) tests were performed. All results were submitted to the Tukey's test, with the exception of the EPS results, which were submitted to the Student's t test. RESULTS: The ΔE00 of the unglazed control group was significantly higher than that of the unglazed test group. In all groups, a significant decrease in microhardness occurred over time. At both times, the glaze significantly increased the microhardness of the specimens (in all the glazed groups). At the final time, the test glaze group showed significantly higher microhardness compared with the control glaze group. Roughness in the groups without glaze increased significantly with CHX treatment over time. At both times, the glaze generated a significant reduction in roughness in the control and test groups. There was a significant reduction in surface energy over time in all groups. In most comparisons, the glazed groups showed significantly higher surface energy values compared with the unglazed control group. At the final time point, the unglazed test group showed a significantly higher surface energy value than the unglazed control group; and the glazed test group showed a significantly higher surface energy value compared with the glazed control group. The resins that received CHX had a significantly lower amount of biofilm. CONCLUSIONS: Color values were clinically acceptable in all tested groups. At both time points, the roughness values were clinically acceptable only in the glazed groups. Glaze increased the microhardness of the specimens. Microhardness and surface energy were reduced over time in all groups. Chlorhexidine can help prevent microhardness degradation. Glaze and CHX can increase surface energy. Chlorhexidine reduced the amount of bacterial biofilm.

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