Araçatuba - FMVA - Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://hdl.handle.net/11449/253790

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Emerging and Miscellaneous Protozoal Diseases
(2022-01-01) Marcondes, Mary ; Kent, Marc ; Howerth, Elizabeth W. ; Sykes, Jane E. ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; University of Georgia ; University of California
Rangeliosis • Cause: Rangelia vitalii, a protozoan parasite of the phylum Apicomplexa, class Aconoidasida, order Piroplasmida; phylogenetically close to the family Babesiidae. • First Described: 1908, in dogs from Brazil (Carini, 1908). • Affected Hosts: Domestic dogs and wild canids (the crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous, and the pampas fox Lycalopex gymnocercus). • Geographic Distribution: South America, especially in the south and south-east of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay. • Mode of Transmission: Amblyomma aureolatum ticks. • Major Clinical Signs: Lethargy, inappetence, weakness, weight loss, fever, pallor, jaundice, splenomegaly, lymphadenomegaly, pelvic limb edema, and hemorrhagic disorders including persistent hemorrhage from the tips and external surface of the pinnae, nose (epistaxis), oral cavity (including hematemesis), venipuncture sites, and GI tract (hemorrhagic diarrhea). • Differential Diagnosis: Other tick-borne diseases (e.g., canine babesiosis and canine monocytic ehrlichiosis), leptospirosis, leishmaniosis, immune-mediated disorders. • Human Health Significance: There is no evidence that R. vitalii can infect humans. Amebiasis and Balantidiasis • Cause: Nonenteric (free-living) amebiasis in dogs is caused by organisms belonging to the genera Acanthamoeba and Balamuthia. Amebic keratitis caused by Acanthamoeba spp. has rarely been reported in companion animals. GI amebiasis in dogs is rare and caused by Entamoeba histolytica; balantidiasis is also rare and caused by Balantioides coli (formerly Balantidium coli). • Affected Hosts: Domestic dogs. • Geographic Distribution: Worldwide. • Mode of Transmission: Unclear, but inhalation (systemic disease) or ingestion (systemic or GI disease) from environmental sources are suspected. • Major Clinical Signs: The major clinical signs of canine systemic amebiasis are lethargy, inappetence, weakness, weight loss, fever, and a variety of neurologic signs. Rare cases of localized amebic keratitis have been described in dogs with chronic keratoconjunctivitis sicca treated with topical immunosuppressive drugs. GI amebiasis may be characterized by signs of large bowel diarrhea and inappetence. • Differential Diagnosis: Systemic amebiasis must be differentiated from other viral, bacterial, protozoal, and fungal pathogens that cause chronic progressive CNS signs; and noninfectious diseases of the CNS (see Chapter 129). Differential diagnoses for amebic keratitis include squamous cell carcinoma, leishmaniosis, and toxoplasmosis. GI amebiasis and balantidiasis must be differentiated from other subacute and chronic infectious and inflammatory causes of large bowel diarrhea. • Human Health Significance: GI ameba and Balantioides can cause mild to severe diarrhea in humans, and systemic ameba can cause life-threatening disease. However, there is no strong evidence for a role of companion animals in zoonotic transmission.
Taenia
(2015-01-01) Sato, Marcello Otake ; Nunes, Caris Maroni ; Sato, Megumi ; Waikagul, Jitra ; Federal University of Tocantins ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Niigata University ; Mahidol University
Tapeworms are one of the most interesting causative agents of disease in humans and animals and have coexisted with humans since ancient times. Three Taenia species are currently accepted as human tapeworms (T. solium, T. saginata, and T. asiatica), and three Taenia species are classified as zoonotic species (T. multiceps, T. taeniaeformis, and T. crassiceps). In humans, two types of foodborne diseases are caused by Taenia: the adult worm infection called taeniasis and the infection caused by the metacestode forms. The infection caused by metacestodes of T. solium, T. saginata, T. asiatica, T. crassiceps, and T. taeniaeformis is called cysticercosis and if caused by T. multiceps is called coenurosis.
Epidemiology and control of toxoplasmosis in dogs
(2013-12-01) Bresciani, Katia Denise Saraiva ; Galvão, André Luiz Baptista ; de Vasconcellos, Amanda Leal ; Navarro, Italmar Teodorico ; Gomes, Jancarlo Ferreira ; dos Santos, Rodrigo Rabelo ; dos Santos, Thaís Rabelo ; da Costa, Alvimar José ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias ; Universidade de Londrina ; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
Considering the close proximity between men and dogs and the zoonotic potential of these diseases, determining the occurrence of endoparasitosis, mainly toxoplasmosis, in pets has become increasingly relevant. This disease is frequently diagnosed in spite of the existent therapeutic and prophylactic measures. Studies of animal toxoplasmosis are essential in view of its transmission to men and its pathogenicity in pets. The dog can be involved in the mechanical transmission of the infection by Toxoplasma gondii and in spite of not being the definitive host, it has an epidemiological role in this disease. The high rate of dogs naturally infected by T. gondii and the great possibility of adquiring this protozoan, justify the importance of attempting against for the occurrence of this illness. The aim of this chapter wil be clear some clinical aspects, address the participation of small animals in the spread of the disease, as well as discuss methods of diagnosis, therapeutic measures, prophylaxis and control of this disease.© 2013 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Toxoplasmosis in bovine
(2013-12-01) Dos Santos, Thaís Rabelo ; Dos Santos, Rodrigo Rabelo ; Da Costa, Alvimar José ; Bresciani, Katia Denise Saraiva ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite of the phylum Apicomplexa, Coccidia order, being an obligate intracellular protozoan that affects humans and diverse vertebrate hosts. The genus was named Toxoplasma (from the greek toxon = arc, plasma = shape) referring to its shape of first quarter or half moon and gondii in reference to the rodent where the parasite was isolated. In retrospect, the correct name for the parasite should have been Toxoplasma gundii, however Nicolle E Manceaux (1908) incorrectly identified the host as Ctenodactylus gondi. The felines, in particular the domestic cats, are the definitive hosts of the parasite, whereas warm-blooded animals are the intermediate hosts. Toxoplasmosis is one of the most spreaded zoonoses in the whole world, however the frequency of infection started to be characterized from 1948, with Sabin and Feldman, and then with other researchers, developing the first diagnostic of the disease. The toxoplasmosis affects about two million people worldwide. The prevalence of seropositive individuals for toxoplasmosis increases with age and differs depending on the population cultural patterns, dietary habits and urban or rural origin. It is known that in areas of tropical or subtropical humid climate, the prevalence is higher, once this type of weather favors the survival of oocysts in the environment. It is estimated that about 70% of the brazilian population has already been infected at some point in life. In Brazil, it was found that in every 1,000 live births, five children presented the disease. In different countries, the seroprevalence has been shown between 0% to 90% in the human population. Some countries as Thailand and Japan present low prevalence (<20%). However, Australia, Poland, UK and Belgium show average prevalence (between 23 and 53%), while Brazil, Tahiti and France present high prevalence (> 60%). The importance of the animal toxoplasmosis occurs, at first, by the fact that infected animals serve as direct or indirect source of the human infection and, secondly, by the various reproductive changes such as abortion, neonatal mortality and congenital defects consequent to the T. gondii infection, which represent significant losses in animals of economic interest and company. In the world literature on detection of anti-T. gondii in bovines, discrepant values are found, ranging from 0 to 99%. In Brazil, this variation in occurrence values is also observed ranging from 1.03% to 71.00%. Infection rates given for sheep flocks in Brazil, vary from 8% to 55%. The infection of herbivores occurs primarily through ingestion of oocysts present in food and contaminated soils. Infection of herds may be associated with the ingestion of grains contaminated by oocysts and the stabling of animals at sites containing feline manure may increase the risk of infection. Direct contact with felines had little epidemic consequence, although the presence of those infected animals indicates a contaminated environment, incurring risk to the human population and other animals.© 2013 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Epidemiology and control of toxoplasmosis in cats
(2013-12-01) Bresciani, Katia Denise Saraiva ; Galvão, André Luiz Baptista ; de Vasconcellos, Amanda Leal ; Gomes, Jancarlo Ferreira ; dos Santos, Thaís Rabelo ; dos Santos, Rodrigo Rabelo ; Viol, Milena Araúz ; de Aquino, Monally Conceição Costa ; Navarro, Italmar Teodorico ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) ; Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL)
Toxoplasmosis, a zoonosis of worldwide distribution, has importance in human and veterinary medicine. Animals can be direct or indirect source of infection to man. The infection can be acquired by ingestion of tissue cysts in infected meat, ingestion of food or water contaminated with oocysts and congenitally, by tachyzoites crossing the placenta from the infected mother to the fetus. Cats may act as intermediate or definitive hosts of this parasite. Among the infected animals, felines have an important role in the epidemiology of this agent because like definitive hosts eliminate oocysts in the environment. Evaluations of the occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in felines has drawn the attention of research worldwide. The aim of this chapter wil be clear some clinical manifestations aspects, address the true participation of cats in the spread of the disease, as well as discuss methods of diagnosis, therapeutic measures, prophylaxis and control of this disease. © 2013 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Control program of congenital toxoplasmosis
(2013-12-01) Navarro, Italmar Teodorico ; Breganó, Regina Mitsuka ; Mori, Fabiana Maria Ruiz Lopes ; Rodrigues, Tercilia Oliveira ; dos Santos, Thaís Rabelo ; dos Santos, Rodrigo Rabelo ; Bresciani, Katia Denise Saraiva ; UEL ; UNIFIL ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by coccidia Toxoplasma gondii, that affects almost all homeothermic animal species, including birds, mammals and also humans. The implementation of control programs including preventive measures such as laboratory tests frequently promotes early diagnosis and appropriate indication of adequate antiparasitic treatment to pregnant women, and is, therefore, able to diminish the seriousness of the sequelae of toxoplasmosis in the fetus. Important aspects of the control of congenital toxoplasmosis programs for maternal and neonatal screening, the toxoplasmosis control program were reviewed. © 2013 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Congenital transmission of toxoplasma gondii in ovine
(2013-12-01) Dos Santos, Thaís Rabelo ; Dos Santos, Rodrigo Rabelo ; da Costa, Rodrigo Rabelo ; Bresciani, Katia Denise Saraiva ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Toxoplasma gondii is a member of the phylum Apicomplexa, order Coccidia, and is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that infects humans and several vertebrate hosts. In its life cycle, T. gondii has three infectious forms: the sporozoites (oocysts), tachyzoites (individually or in groups) and bradyzoites (tissue cysts). Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis of major spread worldwide. Sheep toxoplasmosis was first described by Olafson and Monlux (1942) in the United States.These authors reported this disease in a female who presented neurological symptoms, hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, and other clinical signs. The diagnosis was made after necropsy and histopathological examination of the brain and spinal cord of the animal. In small ruminants, toxoplasmosis is relatively common, responsible for reproductive problems, generating great economic losses in sheep flocks, where the infection is the main cause of abortions, fetal malformations, premature births and neonatal deaths being the main route of infection the ingestion of sporulated oocysts of the parasite. © 2013 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Toxoplasmosis in public health
(2013-12-01) Bresciani, Katia Denise Saraiva ; Galvão, André Luiz Baptista ; de Vasconcellos, Amanda Leal ; dos Santos, Rodrigo Rabelo ; Neto, Luiz Silveira ; Inácio, Sandra Valéria ; Soares, José Antonio ; Gomes, Jancarlo Ferreira ; dos Santos, Thais Rabelo ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; FKB ; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
Infection by Toxoplasma gondii is particularly interesting from the point of view of public health. Attention should be drawn to the risk factors for acquiring this prenatal infection, considering its pathogenesis and sequelae. Women in initial stages of gestation may undergo miscarriage, premature birth, neonatal death and even the classical Sabin's Triad, characterized by retinochoroiditis, cerebral calcifications, hydrocephaly or microcephaly. The risk of acquiring this disease is higher in the postnatal life, when severe behavioral changes such as attention deficit and schizophrenia may occur, reducing the life quality of individuals. There is strong association of reactivation of this disease in cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome - AIDS, commonly leading to secondary infection of the central nervous system in immunocompromised people and severe encephalitis. The aim of this chapter wil be discuss educational programs directed at reducing environmental contamination by T. gondii would eventually decrease the cost of treating humans with clinical toxoplasmosis. © 2013 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Demonstration of Viral Antibodies by the Counterimmunoelectrophoresis Test
(2015-02-06) Queiroz, Luzia H. ; Moreira, Wildeberg C. ; Moura, Wlamir C. ; Silva, Marlon V. ; University Est. Paulista, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária de Araçatuba, Departamento de Apoio, Produção e Saúde Animal ; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
Neutralization tests are one of the most commonly used methods for quantifying antibodies against rabies virus (RABV). A Counterimmunoelectrophoresis Test (CIET) is another in vitro technique for titrating RABV antibodies. It is performed on an agarose slide gel and based on the reaction between antibodies present in serial dilutions of serum with RABV antigens. Binding is shown by the presence of precipitation lines that result from the migration of unbound viral antigens towards the specific antibodies present in a hyper-immune indicator serum (IS) under constant electrical current. The technique requires the production and standardization of antigen and IS, as well as the preparation of agarose slide gels, and specific chambers for electrophoresis. CIET has the ability to determine the potency of tested sera, providing results that correlate well with other techniques.
Important parasitic zoonosis in dogs
(2012-09-01) Bresciani, Katia Denise Saraiva ; Coelho, Willian Marinho Dourado ; Coelho, Juliana de Carvalho Apolinário ; Coelho, Natalia Marinho Dourado ; Viol, Milena Araúz ; Gomes, Jancarlo Ferreira ; da Costa, Alvimar José ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The dog can be involved in the mechanical transmission of infection by helminthes and protozoa; it has an epidemiological role in these zoonoses. The high rate of dogs naturally infected by endoparasites and the great possibility of acquiring this parasite justify the importance of attempting to prevent the occurrence of this illness. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate, through literature review, some clinical, epidemic and pathological aspects of endoparasite infection in the canine species. © 2012 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Giardiasis in birds
(2018-01-01) Ferrari, Elis Domingos ; Oliveira, Bruno César Miranda ; da Cruz Panegossi, Mariele Fernanda ; dos Santos Reginaldo, Gisele Moraes ; Nagata, Walter Bertequini ; Bresciani, Katia Denise Saraiva ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) ; Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine
The protozoan Giardia spp. is a flagellate intestinal parasite and six species are recognized, being G. agilis that affects amphibians, G. psittaci and G. ardeae that infect birds, G. microti and G. muris that can be present in rodents and G. duodenalis that can cause disease in humans and some domestic animals, according to their assemblages, ranging from A to H. The individual can be infected by consuming water and foods with the presence of cysts. The frequently clinical signs seen in the Giardia infection are delayed growth, dehydration, weight loss, and recurrent diarrhea. The occurrence of Giardia spp. in birds from a particular site demonstrates the extent of the disease, its specificity to its hosts, its risk and transmission potential.
Zoonotic significance of cryptosporidiosis
(2017-01-01) Galvão, André Luiz Baptista ; Dutra, Karina Rocha ; Bernabé, Rosana Lino Salvador ; De Nardo, Carla Daniela Dan ; Matos, Denise Junqueira ; De Matos, Lucas Vinicius Shigaki ; Cruz, Breno Cayeiro ; Bresciani, Katia Denise Saraiva ; Centro Universitário de São José do Rio Preto ; Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) ; Centro Universitário Católico Salesiano Auxilum - UniSALESIANO ; Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine
Cryptosporidium spp. is an enteroparasite routinely found in faeces of domestic animals, as well as on the environment, and cryptosporidiosis is considered a zoonosis, being classified by the World Health Organization as an emerging disease. Infected animals, especially cattle, are a source of environmental and human infection, because they eliminate large numbers of oocysts in their feces. Symptoms, when present, are characterized by watery diarrhea, dehydration, abdominal pain, weight loss and eventually death, especially in immunosuppressed individuals, patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and children. Effective therapeutic methods for eliminating this agent in animals and humans have not been developed, but it is necessary to apply support treatment in infected individuals. Basic sanitation, use of appropriate methods for inactivation of oocysts and care with personal hygiene are recommended as prophylactic methods, aiming to minimize the spread of Cryptosporidium. This chapter has the objective of describing the importance of cryptosporidiosis in public health and as a zoonosis.
Cryptosporidiosis in lambs
(2017-01-01) Do Amaral, Anaiza Simão Zucatto ; De Aquino, Monally Conceição Costa ; Inácio, Sandra Valéria ; Do Prado, Tales Dias ; Bresciani, Katia Denise Saraiva ; Veterinária de Rio Verde ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Cryptosporidiosis in sheep has great relevance to public health due to the constant proximity with sheep producers and possibly, sick animals. This protozoan began to receive the attention of the medical and scientific community, and in the last 20 years, there has been a rapid expansion of research involving the genus Cryptosporidium, providing knowledge of various species, genotypes and subtypes parasite. Molecular studies of isolates from different sources are animal, human and environmental. It has been widely used to further investigate its epidemiology. Able to infect many hosts and to be constantly present in the environment, humans can acquire the disease by direct contact with other people, animals to humans, and through ingestion or water use intended to direct contaminated or leisure indirectly with oocysts. Cryptosporidium parvum, C. ubiquitum and C. xiaoi, are the main agents responsible for diarrhea in lambs, and also major species that cause cryptosporidiosis in men. The high rate of naturally infected animals and susceptibility to related protozoan justify the importance of attending to the occurrence of this disease.
Neonatal toxoplasmosis in dogs and kittens
(2014-04-01) Bresciani, Katia Denise Saraiva ; Galvão, André Luiz Baptista ; de Vasconcelllos, Amanda Leal ; de Matos, Lucas Vinicius Shigaki ; Pierucci, Julia Cestari ; de Koivisto, Marion Burkhardt ; Sakamoto, Claudio Alessandro Masamtsu ; Soares, José Antonio ; dos Santos, Thais Rabelo ; da Costa, Alvimar José ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) ; Fundação Karnig Bazarian ; Departamento de Medicina Veterinária
The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii commonly infects cats, dogs and humans. Toxoplasmosis is an important issue concerning public health, particularly involving the risk of disease transmission during pregnancy. The infection can be acquired by ingestion of tissue cysts in infected meat, ingestion of food or water contaminated with oocysts and congenitally, by tachyzoites crossing the placenta from the infected mother to the fetus. Congenital T. gondii infection has been reported in many species of animals. The organism strain, dose, and the stage of fetal development or age of the host at the time of infection likely influence the presence or severity of clinical toxoplasmosis in the neonate. The infecting stage of the organism (tachyzoite, oocyst, cyst) may also be important. Uterine changes were observed in bitches with toxoplasmosis (endometritis). Cats with disseminated organism replication which in clinical toxoplasmosis usually have multiple organ involvement that commonly includes the eyes. Ocular toxoplasmosis can occur without other evidence of clinical illness in kittens infected in uterus or in the neonatal period, and T. gondii strains may have varying degrees of ocular pathogenicity in cats. The aim of this chapter will be to elucidate some clinical neonatal aspects in view of congenital toxoplasmosis in cat and dog.
Toxoplasmosis in cattle
(2014-04-01) dos Reis, Dulce Helena Camila ; Maia, Maerle Oliveira ; Kefler, Juliana Ribeiro Sena ; da Costa, Alvimar José ; Bresciani, Katia Denise Saraiva ; Saturnino, Klaus Casaro ; dos Santos, Thaís Rabelo ; Departamento de Medicina Veterinária ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Bovines acquire Toxoplasma gondii mainly by congenital route and by ingestion of food or water containing oocysts, and soil contaminated with cat manure. These animals may be relatively resistant to infection, since the detection of cysts in their musculature is less frequent than in other species, despite being evidenced high occurrence of the parasite in serological surveys. In bovine the main means of prevention is the correct storage of food and water without contact with the feces of cats. Humans are infected mainly by eating raw or undercooked bovine meat as well by ingestion of not pasteurized or boiled milk. Prophylaxis for a human being is to avoid the consumption of raw animal foods must be processed by baking, boiling or freezing, and the parasite is responsive to three if performed appropriately. In this context, new worldwide perspectives referring to means of transmission, clinical signs, diagnosis and treatments in cattle will be discussed.
Toxoplasmosis in goats
(2014-04-01) de Matos, Lucas Shigaki ; Pierucci, Julia Cestari ; da Silveira Neto, Luiz ; Camossi, Lucilene Granuzzio ; Cardia, Daniel Fontana Ferreira ; da Costa, Alvimar José ; dos Santos, Thais Rabelo ; Bresciani, Katia Denise Saraiva ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) ; Departamento de Medicina Veterinária
Toxoplasma gondii is the etiologic agent of a worldwide distribution zoonosis. Cats are denominated as definitive hosts, but the infection affects many species including goats. Ingestion of oocysts excreted in definitive hosts feces, as well as water and soil, and via the transplacental represents the source of contamination. Goats infected with T. gondii will develop fever, anorexia, dyspnea, and pregnant females, in addition to those mentioned signs, will suffer miscarriage and stillbirth. Therefore this chapter will discuss relevant topics on the epidemiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and control of this disease so important and widespread in the world.
Swine toxoplasmosis
(2014-04-01) Kefler, Juliana Ribeiro Sena ; Maia, Maerle Oliveira ; dos Reis, Dulce Helena Camila ; da Costa, Alvimar José ; Bresciani, Katia Denise Saraiva ; Saturnino, Klaus Casaro ; dos Santos, Thaís Rabelo1 ; Departamento de Medicina Veterinária ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Toxoplasmosis is a cosmopolitan zoonosis transmitted primarily by cats infected with the protozoan. It affects human and several other species including swine. The species merits special attention because it is considered by epidemiologists an important reservoir and source of infection to human populations due to the longevity of tissue cysts. The prevalence of swine toxoplasmosis can vary greatly according to the socio-cultural habits, geographical and climatic factors. In this chapter we discuss the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in swines, epidemiological data, even as immunologic reactions of organic animal front ace infections, the main forms of diagnosis used and the possible advances that can contribute to the prevention of these animals.
Mammary Tumors
(2014-06-27) Mendes, Luiz Claudio Nogueira ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)

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