Rio Claro - IPBEN - Instituto de Pesquisa em Bioenergia

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://hdl.handle.net/11449/253773

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A total cost of ownership comparison of log truck decarbonization in pulp mills supply chain
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2024-03-28) Moura, Ângelo Conrado de Arruda ; Guerra, Saulo Philipe Sebastião ; Eufrade Júnior, Humberto de Jesus
Global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from energy combustion and industrial processes have increased by more than 80% in the last 30 years. Many efforts are being made to set policies and international targets to reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG). Globally, transport accounts for 30% of final energy consumption and still has only 4.1% based on renewable sources (REN21, 2023). Thus, decarbonization is a critical challenge, especially in long-distance heavy duties vehicles, as non-fossil fuel technologies are not mature enough for large-scale implementation. A broad list of alternative fuel technologies is being developed and gradually introduced, from ethanol, bioDiesel, Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO), biomethane, natural gas (compressed or liquified), electric hydrogen fuel cells, hybrids, and fully electric vehicles. The pulp and paper sector has the wood fibers from the planted forest as the primary and renewable power source, energy self-sufficiency, and generating surplus, usually sold to the market. On the other hand, Diesel consumption in log transportation is the highest in the pulp production chain. Therefore, this study analyzed the potential application of promising low-emission heavy-duty trucks for log transportation in a Brazilian pulp industry integrated into the pulp mill energy generation. Due to the uncertainty of several variables, a sensitivity analysis was performed to check costs and benefits using the Monte Carlo simulation. The results show the Electric truck option with lower Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) per kilometer, 1.52 USD/Km; gas options LNG, 1.59 USD/Km and CNG, 1.73 USD/Km; Diesel with 1.87 USD/Km and highest cost for Fuel Cell, with 2.02 USD/Km. The main inputs impacting the results were fuel costs and distance. Despite lower TCO, the Electric truck option has a negative Return on Investment (ROI), meaning the investment is higher than the benefits. The Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) solution was the only one that had a positive ROI. Although Electric Heavy Duty Truck (BEV) still does not have a positive ROI, it is the simplest solution to connect with energy from pulp mills and is expected to have the highest market share. Therefore, it can potentially be the first position in renewable truck options in pulp mill operations in the medium to long term.
Color Classification for Red Alcohol Vinegar to Control the Quality of the End-Product
(2023-01-01) Nalhiati, Giovanna ; Borges, Gabriel Gonçalves ; Sperança, Marco Aurelio ; Pereira, Fabiola Manhas Verbi ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; National Institute of Alternative Technologies for Detection Toxicological Assessment and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactive Substances (INCT-DATREM)
A feasible analytical method aimed at the quality control of red alcohol vinegar is introduced, with no need for dilutions, filtration, or expensive instrumentation to perform the analysis. The remarkable benefit is no need to add chemicals. Thirty sample solutions were prepared to aim to produce vinegar with good quality following a 22 central composite design (CCD), with a central point (625:3) and axial points (-2;2) . The poor taste and quality parameters were also tested with sample contents far from the central point (1.5-fold). Data from square images converted into color histograms of red (R), green (G), and blue (B), hue (H), saturation (S), and value or intensity (V) or (I), relative colors of RGB denoted as r, b, and g, and luminosity (L) was used for the calculations of multivariate classification models, such as k-nearest neighbors (kNN), soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA), and partial least squares–discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and the figures of merit showed that the reliability of the multivariate classification models was higher than 0.9 for accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Afterward, a low-cost and easy-to-use analytical method can aid in identifying operational errors and end-product out-of-specifications.
Semi-Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation Improved by Lignin and Extractives Removal from Sugarcane Bagasse
(2023-05-01) Schmatz, Alison Andrei ; Candido, João Paulo ; de Angelis, Dejanira de Franceschi ; Brienzo, Michel ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Lignocellulosic biomass and agro-industrial residues are a source of fermentable sugars; however, pretreatments are needed to overcome biomass recalcitrance. This study evaluated the effect of sugarcane bagasse hydrolysis and fermentation in response to dilute acid pretreatment. In natura bagasse, extractive-free bagasse, partially delignified bagasse, and bagasse with added butylated hydroxytoluene antioxidant were pretreated with diluted acid and investigated in semi-simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (S-SSF). The effect of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) resulted in lower yields of inhibitors in the liquid fraction of the acid pretreatment (0.01 g L−1 of furfural, 0.01 g L−1 of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and 0.68 g L−1 of acetic acid). Partially delignified material and material with BHT resulted in biomass with low hemicellulose and lignin contents, indicating that BHT influenced lignin removal. Extractives removal showed benefits for the acid pretreatment, decreasing the dioxane-soluble material, and a higher yield of glucose and ethanol via S-SSF for the partially delignified material. Enzymatic saccharification of partially delignified material showed 87% of cellulose conversion (24 h with 15 FPU/g), and after 48 h of S-SSF (25 FPU/g), residual 7.06 g L−1 of glucose and production of 15.17 g L−1 of ethanol were observed. The low content of extractives, lignin, and dioxane soluble material resulted in better cellulose accessibility and ethanol yield. Chemical compounds can help remove lignin from biomass favoring ethanol production by S-SSF.
Effects of Particle Size on the Preparation of Biomass Samples for Structural Characterization
(2023-01-01) Vieira, Rogerio Martins ; Sanvezzo, Paula Bertolino ; Branciforti, Marcia Cristina ; Brienzo, Michel ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
This study evaluates the effects of particle size on the preparation of sugarcane bagasse, banana pseudostem, and orange bagasse for Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The biomasses were selected from five different granulometry, namely 850, 600, 425, 250, and 106 μm, and analyzed in natura form, extractive-free, and extractive/pectin-free materials. According to the results, particle size influenced the extractive content mainly between 850 and 106 μm, with variations of 8.40% for orange bagasse (OB), 33.96% for sugarcane bagasse (SB), and 44.72% for banana pseudostem (BP). There was a significant influence on the pectin removal between 850- and 425-μm particles of 24.14% and 25.86%, respectively. The FTIR spectra showed an increase in the intensity of the bands when the particle size was reduced. The SEM images showed typical surfaces of lignocellulosic materials and modifications after extractives removal. From the XRD analysis, it was observed a high influence of granulometry on the crystallinity, mainly for SB samples. Overall, the particle size effects are more significant for materials with a large granulometry range, which is advantageous for industrial processes since no grinding is necessary for more homogeneous materials.
Fruit and Restaurant Waste Polysaccharides Recycling Producing Xylooligosaccharides
(2023-02-01) Pereira, Beatriz Salustiano ; Schmatz, Alison Andrei ; de Freitas, Caroline ; Masarin, Fernando ; Brienzo, Michel ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
A significant part of fruit production is wasted annually, a material of high value without use, causing environmental and social damage. These residues from agro-industrial processes, or those that can no longer be used in the market, can be recycled and generate value-added products by pretreatments/hydrolysis. One of the important pretreatments is acid hydrolysis, which can produce xylooligosaccharides (XOS) from biomass, a product of great commercial value in the food and pharmaceutical markets, mainly due to its prebiotic potential. Bananas, oranges, and guava generate a large volume of waste and represent much of Brazil’s fruit production. The dilute acid hydrolysis resulted in XOS production of 37.69% for banana peel, 59.60% for guava bagasse, 28.70% for orange bagasse, and 49.64% for restaurant residue. XOS were quantified by a liquid chromatograph system with a Bio-Rad Aminex HPX-87C column. The results show that, for this type of material and hydrolysis, the ideal conditions to produce XOS are high temperature, low time, and high acid concentration for banana peel residue (160 °C, 15 min, and 3% H2SO4), low temperature, low time, and high acid concentration for guava bagasse (100 °C,15 min and 3% H2SO4), high temperature and acid concentration with low time for orange bagasse (160 °C,15 min and 3% H2SO4) and high temperature and time and high acid concentration for restaurant waste (160 °C, 55 min and 3% H2SO4). This study identified acid hydrolysis conditions that maximized XOS production with a low amount of xylose production using agro-industrial and food residues, also showing the high potential of the chosen residues through the high yields of XOS production.
Chemometrics Reveals Not-so-Obvious Analytical Information
(2022-01-01) Pereira, Fabiola Manhas Verbi ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Enzymatic Cocktail Formulation for Xylan Hydrolysis into Xylose and Xylooligosaccharides
(2023-01-01) Bueno, Danilo ; de Freitas, Caroline ; Brienzo, Michel ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
In the context of a biorefinery, lignocellulosic materials represent an important source of raw material for the bioconversion of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin into value-added products, such as xylose for fermentation, oligosaccharides, and bioplastics for packaging. Among the most abundant lignocellulosic materials in Brazil, sugarcane bagasse biomass stands out, as it is rich in cellulose and hemicellulose. In this context, through an experimental design, this study developed a robust enzyme cocktail containing xylanases and accessory enzymes to complete the hydrolysis of xylan from sugarcane bagasse, obtaining a low xylose yield and concentration (9% and 1.8 g/L, respectively, observed in experiment number 16 from the complete hydrolysis of a xylan assay), a fermentable sugar that is important in the production of second-generation ethanol, and a high xylooligosaccharides (XOS) yield and concentration (93.1% and 19.6 g/L, respectively, obtained from a xylooligosaccharides production assay); in general, xylan has prebiotic activities that favor an improvement in intestinal functions, with immunological and antimicrobial actions and other benefits to human health. In addition to completely hydrolyzing the sugarcane bagasse xylan, this enzymatic cocktail has great potential to be applied in other sources of lignocellulosic biomass for the conversion of xylan into xylose and XOS due to its enzymes content, involving both main chain and pendant groups hydrolysis of hemicelluloses.
EasyGuide Plasmids Support in Vivo Assembly of gRNAs for CRISPR/Cas9 Applications in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
(2022-11-18) Jacobus, Ana P. ; Barreto, Joneclei A. ; De Bem, Lucas S. ; Menegon, Yasmine A. ; Fier, Ícaro ; Bueno, João G. R. ; Dos Santos, Leandro V. ; Gross, Jeferson ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) ; Innovation Institute for Biotechnology
Most CRISPR/Cas9 applications in yeast rely on a plasmid-based expression of Cas9 and its guide RNA (gRNA) containing a 20-nucleotides (nts) spacer tailored to each genomic target. The lengthy assembly of this customized gRNA requires at least 3-5 days for its precloning in Escherichia coli, purification, validation, and cotransformation with Cas9 into a yeast strain. Here, we constructed a series of 12 EasyGuide plasmids to simplify CRISPR/Cas9 applications in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The new vectors provide templates for generating PCR fragments that can assemble up to six functional gRNAs directly into yeasts via homologous recombination between the 20-nts spacers. By dispensing precloning in E. coli, yeast in vivo gRNA assembly significantly reduces the CRISPR/Cas9 experimental workload. A highly efficient yeast genome editing procedure, involving PCR amplification of gRNAs and donors, followed by their transformation into a Cas9-expressing strain, can be easily accomplished through a quick protocol.
Xylooligosaccharide production by optimized sulfuric, acetic acid, and liquid hot water treatment of sugarcane leaves
(2022-01-01) Forsan, Carolina Froes ; Schmatz, Alison ; Masarin, Fernando ; Brienzo, Michel ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The content of xylan in sugarcane straw (culm top and leaves) is interesting to produce xylooligosaccharides (XOS), oligomers composed of xylose, which provide numerous health benefits. XOS were produced in this study by two types of treatment using sugarcane leaves: liquid hot water (LHW) and dilute acid (sulfuric and acetic acids), aiming to minimize sugar degradation production. A central composite design with axial points was performed to evaluate the effects of the independent variables on the hydrolysis production of XOS. Hydrolysis with acetic acid resulted in the conversion of xylan into XOS of 22.78% with 2% (%, m/v) of acid at 180 °C for 35 min. Hydrolysis with sulfuric acid resulted in XOS yield of 62.18% with 2% (%, m/v) of acid at 79.55 °C for 35 min. The LHW treatment using leaves resulted in XOS yield of 20.71% at 130 °C for 35 min. The LHW and dilute acid resulted in 0.018% and 0.195% (m/m) of furfural, respectively. For each ton of sugarcane leaves, an XOS production of 206.44 kg, 75.63 kg, and 68.69 kg can be estimated using sulfuric acid, acetic acid, and LHW, successively. The most effective treatment for XOS production was hydrolysis with dilute sulfuric acid; however, LHW generated lower degradation products.
Recovery of Crude Glycerol and Citrus Vinasse in Anaerobic Digestion in Two Stages for Lactic Acid and Biomethane Production
(2022-08-01) Varella Rodrigues, Caroline ; Oliveira Pires, Lorena ; Medina, Kelly Johana Dussán ; Imaculada Maintinguer, Sandra ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; University of Araraquara
Global biodiesel production has increased, and 10 kg of crude glycerol (CG) is being generated as a coproduct for each 100 kg of biodiesel produced. Brazil is the main citrus-producing country in the world, generating highly fermentable carbohydrates that are used for the second-generation ethanol production with citrus vinasse (CV) as waste product. The goal of this study was to evaluate the use of CG, the coproduct from transesterification of waste cooking oil, co-digested in CV through a biosystem in two-sequential stages: the first one acidogenic for lactic acid generation and the second one methanogenic for CH4 production. For the first stage, with an acid pre-treated consortium, the maximum lactic acid generated was 2.31 g L-1 in anaerobic batch reactors (500 mL) containing 400 mL of medium composed of 10 g COD L-1 CG with 10 g COD L-1 CV, pH 6.0, headspace with N2, at 37°C. The liquid fraction generated in the first stage (200 mL) was used as substrate by an anaerobic consortium in natura in anaerobic methanogenic reactors (500 mL), headspace with N2, pH 7.0, at 37°C, generating a maximum of 318.65 mmol CH4 L-1 in 815 h of operation. In addition, 85.65% of the COD was removed and all methanol from the CG was consumed. Integrated systems correspond to major measures for the removal of CG in obtaining value-added products such as lactic acid, in addition to the generation of biogas as CH4.
Enzymatic Hydrolysis Applied to Banana Pseudostem Biomass Compared to Solubilized Xylan for Xylooligosaccharides Production with High Substrate Concentration
(2022-01-01) Freitas, Caroline de ; Brienzo, Michel ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Xylan is a polysaccharide present in lignocellulosic biomass, which is obtained in large quantities as agricultural and agroindustrial waste. In this study, xylooligosaccharides (XOS) were produced by the enzymatic hydrolysis of xylan, using biomass itself or solubilized xylan as substrate. In addition, enzymatic hydrolysis of solubilized xylan was performed with two cycles in a higher volume and higher substrate concentrations. XOS and xylan molecular weight were evaluated. After partial delignification, the hemicellulose in the material increased by 6 percentual points due to the lignin removal. Milling and partial delignification of biomass helped to improve the enzymatic hydrolysis since conversion went up by 47.13% after the use of both strategies together. Regarding the solubilized xylan enzymatic hydrolysis, the increase of substrate concentration led to a decrease in the yield of around 13%; however, the amount of XOS produced went from 14.68 g/L to 50.40 g/L. The hydrolysis 2nd cycle led to an increase of only around 10% conversion for all substrate concentrations. After hydrolysis, the molecular weight of the xylan decreased, as did the polydispersity. However, after the second hydrolysis cycle, both the molecular weight and polydispersity increased, since probably the enzyme acted in the easing xylan fraction and the remaining complex substrate limited enzyme action. Comparatively, the enzymatic hydrolysis of solubilized xylan resulted in a higher yield and concentration than enzymatic hydrolysis of the partial delignified biomass.
Brazilian banana, guava, and orange fruit and waste production as a potential biorefinery feedstock
(2022-01-01) Pereira, Beatriz Salustiano ; Freitas, Caroline de ; Vieira, Rogerio Martins ; Brienzo, Michel ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Fruit production worldwide is over 675 million tons per year. Brazil is responsible for the production of 43.6 million tons of fruits per year, which makes the country stand out in the generation of fruit and food residues. About 35% of all agricultural production in Brazil is wasted and, from that, 42% is destined for inappropriate places such as public roads and rivers, causing environmental, sanitary, and social impacts. From the total agricultural production, 16.8 million tons are orange, 7.1 million tons are banana, and 0.6 million tons are guava, which makes these fruits of great importance to the country and consequently generate a huge amount of residues. Besides that, the restaurants/food industries also discard a large volume of waste. The review shows the importance of these residues and a scenario of utilization in order to reduce environmental impacts and add value to them. Bioenergy and value-added products are from industrial interest and can collaborate in economic, social, and environmental aspects.
Biomass biorefinery for biopolymers isolation, fermentable sugars, and briquettes production
(2022-01-01) Fernandes, Darcy ; Barbeiro, Camila de Oliveira ; Palaçon, Mariana Paravani ; Biancardi, Mariel Ruivo ; Ferrisse, Túlio Morandin ; Silveira, Heitor Albergoni ; Castilho, Rogerio Moraes ; Almeida, Luciana Yamamoto de ; Leon, Jorge Esquiche ; Bufalino, Andreia ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
This study aimed to extract xylan by hydrogen peroxide in an alkaline medium, recover lignin, and evaluate the use of the pretreated material in the production of glucose via enzymatic hydrolysis. The formation of briquettes using different anatomical fractions of sugarcane (bagasse, epidermis-free stem, external fraction containing epidermis, and bagasse with the addition of lignin) was also evaluated. After xylan extraction with a yield of 62.71%, 33.6 2% of lignin was recovered by acid precipitation. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated material resulted in 71.10% of glucose. The briquettes made from the epidermis-free stem and external fraction showed better results in terms of ash, volatiles, and fixed carbon contents. Sugarcane bagasse generated briquettes with an energy density of 23,544.9 MJ/m3, and an external fraction of 25,711.8 MJ/m3. For the volumetric expansion, the briquettes made from bagasse and bagasse with the addition of lignin (recovered from xylan solubilization) presented less volumetric variation. The briquettes made from the external fraction with and without heating showed durability of over 97%.
Xylan-starch-based bioplastic formulation and xylan influence on the physicochemical and biodegradability properties
(2022-01-01) Macedo, João Victor Carpinelli ; Abe, Mateus Manabu ; Sanvezzo, Paula Bertolino ; Grillo, Renato ; Branciforti, Marcia Cristina ; Brienzo, Michel ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
As the traditionally used plastic remains and accumulates in the environment, new biodegradable materials and, preferably, from renewable raw materials, need to be developed. In this regard, this study investigates the influence of xylan from sugarcane bagasse on the mechanical and chemical properties of bioplastics composed of starch and glycerol as a plasticizer. All bioplastics produced have a total proportion of sugars equal to 5% (w/w total mass of the filmogenic solution), and xylan is present in 5, 10, 25, and 50% of the total mass of polysaccharides. Bioplastic-forming solutions were gelatinized and dried by the casting method. Bioplastic solubility in water and its opacity increase as the xylan content increases—the first range between 20.31 and 44.16%, and the latter between 0.44 and 9.77%, with only starch and 50% (w/w) xylan, respectively. The presence of xylan also makes the bioplastics more hydrophilic and less crystalline, and interferes with their mechanical proprieties, while 5 and 10% (w/w) xylan bioplastics have higher tensile stresses, equal to 2.35 and 2.56 MPa, respectively. The elongation at break is greater in bioplastics composed of only starch (208.8%), and 15.8 and 19.3% elongation is reached to the amount of xylan of 25 and 50%, respectively. The bioplastics are completely biodegraded after being buried for 30 days. Starch and xylan (5 and 10%) combination improves the mechanical properties of the film, causing no significant changes in its solubility and producing biodegradable and less opaque bioplastics, with potential application in packaging for transporting seedlings, for example.
Xylooligosaccharides from Industrial Fruit and Restaurant Waste Produced by Liquid Hot Water Treatment
(2022-01-01) Pereira, Beatriz Salustiano ; Freitas, Caroline de ; Masarin, Fernando ; Brienzo, Michel ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Agro-industrial and food waste generation are increasing and alternatives are necessary for better use of these biomasses, such as conversion by liquid hot water (LHW), due to environmental and economic advantages. Moreover, it could be an alternative for the treatment of lignocellulosic biomass to produce xylooligosaccharides (XOS) and other value-added products. This study evaluated the production of XOS via LHW of industrial fruit and food waste. The application of LHW treatment showed a maximum of 32.60% XOS and 5.07% of xylose with banana peel residue, 8.21% of XOS and 1.99% of xylose with guava bagasse, 67.01% XOS and 4.02% xylose with orange bagasse, and 33.42% XOS and 2.56% xylose with restaurant residue. The results showed that the ideal conditions to obtain XOS are by using a high temperature and a low reaction time (160 °C and 15 min) for banana peel residue, a high temperature and medium time (172.43 °C and 35 min) for guava bagasse, a medium temperature and time for orange bagasse (130 °C and 35 min), and for restaurant waste, a medium temperature and a low reaction time (130 °C and 6.72 min). The best residue was orange bagasse with potential XOS production of 208 kg per ton of the material. This study determined LHW conditions that maximized XOS production with a low amount of xylose and degradation products, probably with no need for purification. However, attention is needed for the extractives to be solubilized with the LHW treatment of industrial fruit and food waste.
Biological Degradation of Soybean Molasses by Modified Anaerobic–Aerobic Baffled Reactor
(2022-01-01) Mello, Bruna Sampaio de ; Rodrigues, Brenda Clara Gomes ; Medina, Kelly J. Dussán ; Sarti, Arnaldo ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Considered a high-volume waste, soybean molasses is the main byproduct of soybean protein concentrate production and is viscous liquid with high concentrations of soluble carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the potential use of soybean molasses as organic matter for biological degradation in a modified anaerobic–aerobic baffled reactor (AABR) for biogas generation. The AABR was designed with four chambers with useful volume of 5 L, spatially separated, being the first three chambers anaerobic, and the fourth chamber aerobic. The reactor was fed with diluted soybean molasses for six operational conditions (0.43 at 3.86 kgCOD/m3 day). The experimental results showed that the anaerobic system efficiency, in terms of CODTotal removal, was particularly good with values between 73 and 95%. Regarding the entire system, the mean value of percentage CODTotal removal was around 88 and 98% which led to the final effluent concentration between 34 and 764 mgO2/L. The results show that AABR has great potential for biological degradation of soybean molasses and production of biogas estimated up to 180,000 m3/year with high concentrations of methane (86%).
Mineral Scale Formed During the Evaporation in Biorefineries — Characterization Using X-ray Fluorescence and Exploratory Analysis
(2022-09-01) Mello, Matheus Lima de ; Sperança, Marco Aurelio ; Pereira, Fabíola Manhas Verbi ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; National Institute of Alternative Technologies for Detection Toxicological Assessment and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactive Substances (INCT-DATREM
The biorefineries’ attention is needed to the mineral scale formed during evaporation. This study applies energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) to analyze three sets of samples from sugarcane and corn factories as a fast, reliable, and non-destructive analytical technique. For instance, observing the chemical composition allows the factory to identify what type of anti-scaling or chemical reagents can remove these incrustations. Also, a principal component analysis (PCA) showed chemical composition differences between sugarcane (two sets of five samples each) and corn-derived (one set of ten samples) scales through the following chemical elements: K, Fe, P, S, Sr, and Zn. Therefore, implementing new analytical approaches to the industry is needed, which can benefit the biorefineries for mineral scale formed during the evaporation process, decreasing shutdowns for cleaning, which can be costly. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
How adaptive laboratory evolution can boost yeast tolerance to lignocellulosic hydrolyses
(2022-01-01) Menegon, Yasmine Alves ; Gross, Jeferson ; Jacobus, Ana Paula ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an excellent candidate for establishing cell factories to convert lignocellulosic biomass into chemicals and fuels. To enable this technology, yeast robustness must be improved to withstand the fermentation inhibitors (e.g., weak organic acids, phenols, and furan aldehydes) resulting from biomass pretreatment and hydrolysis. Here, we discuss how evolution experiments performed in the lab, a method commonly known as adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE), may contribute to lifting yeast tolerance against the inhibitors of lignocellulosic hydrolysates (LCHs). The key is that, through the combination of whole-genome sequencing and reverse engineering, ALE provides a robust platform for discovering and testing adaptive alleles, allowing to explore the genetic underpinnings of yeast responses to LCHs. We review the insights gained from past evolution experiments with S. cerevisiae in LCH inhibitors and propose experimental designs to optimise the discovery of genetic variants adaptive to biomass toxicity. The knowledge gathered through ALE projects is envisaged as a roadmap to engineer superior yeast strains for biomass-based bioprocesses.
Optimal Modeling of Load Variations in Distribution System Reconfiguration
(2021-01-01) Mahdavi, Meisam ; Javadi, Mohammad S. ; Wang, Fei ; Catalão, João P.S. ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; INESC TEC ; North China Electric Power University ; FEUP
Distribution networks have a prominent role in electricity delivery to individual consumers. Nevertheless, their energy losses are higher than transmission systems, which this issue affects the distribution operational costs. Hence, the minimization of power losses in distribution networks has particular importance for the system operators. Distribution network reconfiguration (DNR) is an effective way to reduce energy losses. However, some research works regarding DNR have not considered load variations in power loss calculations. Load level has an essential role in network losses determination and significantly influences the energy losses amount. On the other hand, considering load variations in DNR increases the computational burden and processing time of the relevant algorithms. Therefore, this paper presents an effective reconfiguration framework for minimization of distribution losses, while the energy demand is changing. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed strategy for optimal reconfiguration of distribution systems in presence of load variations.
An Accurate Evaluation of Consumption Pattern in Reconfiguration of Electrical Energy Distribution Systems
(2021-01-01) Mahdavi, Meisam ; Javadi, Mohammad ; Wang, Fei ; Catalao, Joao P. S. ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; INESC TEC ; North China Electric Power University ; FEUP and INESC TEC
Electrical energy consumption pattern has always been important for power distribution companies, because load variations and method of electricity consumption affect energy losses amount. For this, distribution companies frequently encourage the network users to correct their energy consumption behavior by suggesting some incentives. Reconfiguration of distribution systems for a specific load pattern is an effective way to reduce the losses. Hence, some papers have considered load variations in distribution system reconfiguration (DSR) to show importance of consumption pattern for reconfiguration decisions. However, most of specialized studies have been ignored load changes in their reconfiguration models because of a significant increase in computational burden and processing time. On the other hand, neglecting the consumption pattern causes the energy losses is calculated inaccurately. Therefore, this paper intends to evaluate effect of load pattern on reconfiguration plans in order to find out importance of considering load variations in energy losses minimization via DSR. The analysis has been conducted on well-known distribution systems by AMPL (a classic optimization tool).

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