Botucatu - IBB - Instituto de Biociências

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://hdl.handle.net/11449/253754

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Aplicação do método de quantis no estudo e diagnóstico do Transtorno do Espectro Autista através de sinais de EEG
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2024-02-25) Maximo, Mariane Vieira ; Camparanho, Andriana Susana Lopes de Oliveira
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex condition that affects neurodevelopment, involving areas such as social behavior, communication, and language. Due to its variability of symptoms, diagnosing ASD is challenging and prone to errors, potentially significantly affecting short and long-term quality of life. Early identification and effective therapeutic interventions can improve prognosis. Electroencephalography (EEG), a technique that records brain electrical activity, is a valuable tool for investigating ASD. In research, various computational techniques for analyzing EEG signals have been explored in the literature to automatically detect ASD, such as Entropy, Wavelet Transform, Independent Component Analysis (ICA), among others. However, new studies and methods are needed to deepen understanding of the underlying mechanisms of this condition. In this study, we employed the quantile method, an innovative approach, to analyze EEG time series from patients with ASD and neurotypical individuals from two distinct databases. Our goal was to perform a comparison between the results obtained. Although novel for ASD, the quantile method has already demonstrated efficacy in classifying other conditions, such as Epilepsy and Alzheimer’s disease. Mapping using the quantile method, combined with topological descrip-tors, proved effective in classifying ASD. The use of combinations of topological descriptors in classifiers, such as SVM (Support Vector Machine), with three different descriptors, also demonstrated efficacy in both databases analyzed in this study. Additionally, we identified two brain regions of interest: the occipital lobe and a specific electrode in the frontal lobe. Analysis of the collaboration of brain waves in identifying the disorder revealed that alpha frequency waves yielded the best results in differentiating groups for both databases, further enhancing understanding of the mechanisms underlying ASD. In summary, this study demonstrates the promising application of time series analysis techniques, such as the quantile method, in ASD investigation through EEG. These approaches have the potential to significantly contribute to a deeper understanding of this complex condition and to the development of more accurate diagnostic methods and more effective therapeutic interventions.
Morfologia celular e imunologia em crustáceos (Decapoda: Aeglidae) endêmicos sul-americanos: o status de conservação de espécies em bacias hidrográficas dos estados de São Paulo e Paraná
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2024-02-01) Santos, Renan Augusto Pereira ; Castilho, Antonio Leão ; Yasui, George Shigueki ; Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Peixes Continentais (CEPTA)
Análises de morfologia e viabilidade celular na hemolinfa são ferramentas empregadas com crustáceos para diagnosticar as condições biológicas de espécies ambientalmente impactadas através do “estado de saúde” dos animais. Os ecossistemas aquáticos neotropicais se destacam por concentrarem um maior número de espécies endêmicas ameaçadas de extinção por ações antrópicas. Com base nisso, a morfologia e taxa de apoptose dos hemócitos (células do sistema imune presentes na hemolinfa) dos anomuros de água doce Aegla spp. foram estudadas em áreas mais e menos impactadas por atividades humanas. As coletas dos espécimes foram realizadas em três locais: Riacho Pedra Preta (Avaré-SP); Salto Puxa Nervos (Tibagi-PR) e Rio Iapó (Castro-PR). A hemolinfa dos animais foi extraída para análise dos processos de apoptose através de citometria de fluxo e microscopia de fluorescência, utilizando um protocolo desenvolvido durante este projeto e foi feita uma descrição morfológica dos hemócitos através de microscopia óptica. Para a caracterização das áreas de estudo, foram realizadas análises de diversos parâmetros abióticos da água dos ambientes, além da presença e concentração de substâncias tóxicas. Foram observados e descritos 3 tipos celulares de hemócitos: hialinócitos, semigranulócitos e granulócitos. As taxas de apoptose se mostraram significativamente maiores nos espécimes de Avaré-SP em comparação com os de Castro-PR, entretanto, não houve diferenças significativas entre os espécimes de Tibagi-PR e demais locais. Avaré teve os piores índices de qualidade de água, enquanto Castro e Tibagi apresentaram qualidade regular. Portanto, a combinação das análises de hemolinfa com os fatores ambientais pôde fornecer o “espelhamento” do status ambiental vs status imunológico de Aegla spp, o que poderia ser replicado para outros crustáceos.
Ledi-Geraru strikes again: Morphological affinities of the LD 350- 1 mandible with early Homo
(Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências - Scielo, 2023-07-10) Neves, Walter; Senger, Maria Helena; Rocha, Gabriel; Suesdek, Lincoln; Hubbe, Mark. ; Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Universidade de São Paulo
As origens do gênero Homo têm sido foco de muito debate no literatura paleoantropológica devido à sua importância na compreensão do processo evolutivo trajetórias que levaram ao aparecimento de humanos arcaicos e de nossa espécie. No nível da classificação taxonômica, as controvérsias em torno das origens do Homo são o resultado da falta de critérios de classificação claros que separem nosso gênero dos australopitecos, dadas as semelhanças gerais observadas entre os fósseis atribuídos aos australopitecos tardios e os primeiros Homo. O desafio de encontrar autapomorfias claras para o Homo levou a debates sobre a classificação do Homo habilis e do Homo rudolfensis como parte do nosso gênero. Estes debates são ainda mais complicados pela escassez de fósseis no período de aparecimento do nosso gênero, fazendo com que quaisquer fósseis datados entre 3,0 e 2,5 Ma sejam de particular relevância no contexto desta discussão. A mandíbula de Ledi-Geraru é um desses fósseis, que tem atraído a atenção dos pesquisadores devido à sua combinação de características primitivas vistas em Australopithecus e características derivadas observadas em Homo posterior. Apesar de fragmentado e mal preservado, é um dos principais espécimes fósseis disponível para o período mencionado acima.
Protein profiles identified by LC-MS/MS demonstrate change in beta oxidation, ketogenesis, and propionate metabolism in rumen epithelium with different additives
(2023-08-01) Rocha, Leone Campos ; Assunção, Andrey Sávio de Almeida ; Martins, Renata Aparecida ; Carvalho, Victor Valério de ; Perdigão, Alexandre ; Buzalaf, Marília Afonso Rabelo ; Adamec, Jiri ; Braga, Camila Pereira ; Millen, Danilo Domingues ; Vieira, José Cavalcante Souza ; Padilha, Pedro de Magalhães ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; DSM Nutritional Products SA ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; University of Nebraska (UNL)
Replacement of ionophore feed additives by essential oils demonstrates differences in energy metabolism. The mechanism of action of essential oils depends on the ruminal pH, therefore, feedlot diets with high starch inclusions tend to show greater effectiveness of these natural additives. The aim of this study is to map the proteome of the ruminal epithelium of feedlot Nellore cattle (n = 60) with different additives (monensin, blend of essential oils + exogenous α-amylase) and varying levels of starch (25% and 45%) Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to separate the proteome of ruminal epithelium. The differentially expressed protein spots were characterized by isoelectric point, molecular mass, volume, and intensity of the spots and identified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Diets using an essential oil blend associated with exogenous amylase promoted greater expression of macromolecules from the degradation of carbohydrates through the glycolytic and ketogenesis pathway. Fourteen proteins were identified in upregulation and the presence of proteins involved in glucose oxidation as well as Hydroxymethylglutaryl–CoA lyase (HMGCL), which catalyzes part of the metabolic intermediate metabolism—a key step in ketogenesis. Our results suggest that there was an increase in glycolysis from the oxidation of Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH GAPD), which participates in the first step of acetate and butyrate production and the oxidative decarboxylation of the ruminal epithelium of feedlot Nellore cattle. Monensin increased precursors of propionate, such as methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT), which suggests greater synthesis of propionate via propionyl-CoA upon entry into the citric acid cycle as succinyl-CoA, which can increase feed efficiency and reduces feed intake.
The Transcriptomic Landscape of Age-Induced Changes in Human Visceral Fat and the Predicted Omentum-Liver Connectome in Males
(2023-05-01) Moraes, Diogo de ; Mousovich-Neto, Felippe ; Cury, Sarah Santiloni ; Oliveira, Jakeline ; Souza, Jeferson dos Santos ; Freire, Paula Paccielli ; Dal-Pai-Silva, Maeli ; Mori, Marcelo Alves da Silva ; Fernandez, Geysson Javier ; Carvalho, Robson Francisco ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) ; Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA)
Aging causes alterations in body composition. Specifically, visceral fat mass increases with age and is associated with age-related diseases. The pathogenic potential of visceral fat accumulation has been associated with its anatomical location and metabolic activity. Visceral fat may control systemic metabolism by secreting molecules that act in distal tissues, mainly the liver, through the portal vein. Currently, little is known about age-related changes in visceral fat in humans. Aiming to identify molecular and cellular changes occurring with aging in the visceral fat of humans, we analyzed publicly available transcriptomic data of 355 omentum samples from the Genotype-Tissue Expression portal (GTEx) of 20–79-year-old males and females. We identified the functional enrichment of genes associated with aging, inferred age-related changes in visceral fat cellularity by deconvolution analysis, profiled the senescence-associated secretory phenotype of visceral adipose tissue, and predicted the connectivity of the age-induced visceral fat secretome with the liver. We demonstrate that age induces alterations in visceral fat cellularity, synchronous to changes in metabolic pathways and a shift toward a pro-inflammatory secretory phenotype. Furthermore, our approach identified candidates such as ADIPOQ-ADIPOR1/ADIPOR2, FCN2-LPR1, and TF-TFR2 to mediate visceral fat-liver crosstalk in the context of aging. These findings cast light on how alterations in visceral fat with aging contribute to liver dysfunction and age-related disease etiology.
Leaf Angle as a Criterion for Optimizing Irrigation in Forest Nurseries: Impacts on Physiological Seedling Quality and Performance after Planting in Pots
(2023-05-01) da Silva, Richardson Barbosa Gomes ; Simões, Danilo ; Wendling, Ivar ; do Prado, Débora Zanoni ; Sartori, Maria Márcia Pereira ; Bertholdi, Angelo Albano da Silva ; da Silva, Magali Ribeiro ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA)
Seedling species with different architectures, e.g., mean leaf angles, are often subjected to the same irrigation management in forest nurseries, resulting in wasted water and fertilizer and reduced seedling quality. We aimed to evaluate whether irrigation volumes applied to tree seedling species with different leaf angles affect the physiological quality in forest nurseries and, consequently, performance after potting. We submitted nine seedling species with different mean leaf angles to four daily water regimes (8, 10, 12, and 14 mm). In the nursery, the following physiological attributes were considered to assess seedling quality: leaf water potential, daily transpiration rate, SPAD value, chlorophyll a and b, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and total nutrient content. After potting, we evaluated height and stem diameter over 120 days. Leaf angle can be used as a criterion for optimizing irrigation in forest nurseries, avoiding water and fertilizer wastage, and increasing physiological seedling quality. Leaf angle measurements combined with concurrent assessments of leaf traits are helpful in further understanding the effects of leaf angle variation and water regime on seedling quality. For positive leaf angles, an irrigation volume of 8 mm is sufficient to increase physiological seedling quality. Conversely, seedlings with negative leaf angles show the opposite response, requiring the largest irrigation volume (14 mm) to increase physiological seedling quality, except when the mean leaf area is small and concentrated in the upper half of the stem, which facilitates the access of irrigation water to the substrate and thus satisfies seedling water requirements. For all species, up to 120 days after planting in pots, the effect of the irrigation volume that provides greater growth and physiological quality at the end of the nursery phase is not overcome by other irrigation volumes applied.
Bacterial Microbiota from Lab-Reared and Field-Captured Anopheles darlingi Midgut and Salivary Gland
(2023-05-01) Santos, Najara Akira Costa dos ; Carvalho, Vanessa Rafaela de ; Souza-Neto, Jayme A. ; Alonso, Diego Peres ; Ribolla, Paulo Eduardo Martins ; Medeiros, Jansen Fernandes ; Araujo, Maisa da Silva ; Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia/Fiocruz Rondônia ; Fiocruz Rondônia ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia ; Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical
Anopheles darlingi is a major malaria vector in the Amazon region and, like other vectors, harbors a community of microorganisms with which it shares a network of interactions. Here, we describe the diversity and bacterial composition from the midguts and salivary glands of lab-reared and field-captured An. darlingi using metagenome sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The libraries were built using the amplification of the region V3–V4 16S rRNA gene. The bacterial community from the salivary glands was more diverse and richer than the community from the midguts. However, the salivary glands and midguts only showed dissimilarities in beta diversity between lab-reared mosquitoes. Despite that, intra-variability was observed in the samples. Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas were dominant in the tissues of lab-reared mosquitoes. Sequences of Wolbachia and Asaia were both found in the tissue of lab-reared mosquitoes; however, only Asaia was found in field-captured An. darlingi, but in low abundance. This is the first report on the characterization of microbiota composition from the salivary glands of An. darlingi from lab-reared and field-captured individuals. This study can provide invaluable insights for future investigations regarding mosquito development and interaction between mosquito microbiota and Plasmodium sp.
Photosynthesis, Biochemical and Yield Performance of Grapevine Hybrids in Two Rootstock and Trellis Height
(2023-05-01) Domingues Neto, Francisco José ; Pimentel Junior, Adilson ; Modesto, Lenon Romano ; Moura, Mara Fernandes ; Putti, Fernando Ferrari ; Boaro, Carmen Silvia Fernandes ; Ono, Elizabeth Orika ; Rodrigues, João Domingos ; Tecchio, Marco Antonio ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) ; Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC)
The interaction between variety, rootstock, and trellis height is important for grapevine management, mainly for producing new varieties of grapes for juice and wine in new wine-growing regions with high production potential. Then, this study aimed to evaluate the rootstocks and trellis height influence on photosynthesis, biochemical, and yield performance for grapevine hybrids. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design using two factors, rootstocks (‘IAC 766’ and ‘106-8 Mgt’) and trellis height (until 1.6 and 2.0 m), evaluated for two grapevine hybrids (IAC 138-22 ‘Maximo’ and ‘BRS Violeta’). During grapevine flowering, it was evaluated photosynthesis and biochemical performance, for this, the gaseous exchanges were measured using the open system photosynthesis equipment with a CO2 analyzer and water vapor by infrared radiation, being net assimilation rate of CO2, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, internal CO2 concentration, water use efficiency, carboxylation efficiency (Rubisco), and the flux density of photosynthetically active photons. At the stages of grapevine flowering and ripening berries were evaluated the antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT)), total soluble proteins, chlorophylls, and SPAD. The interaction between rootstock and trellis heigh influenced varieties’ photosynthesis, biochemical, and yield performance. In conclusion under subtropical conditions, better photosynthesis, biochemical, and yield performance were observed when both cultivars were grafted on the ‘IAC 766’ rootstock. The ‘IAC 138-22 Maximo’ was trained until 2.0 and grafted on the ‘IAC 766’ rootstock, increasing grape production and photosynthesis efficiency. In addition, this variety was more productive than ‘BRS Violeta’.
Characterization of repetitive DNA on the genome of the marsh rat Holochilus nanus (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae)
(2023-01-01) do Nascimento Moreira, Camila ; Cardoso, Adauto Lima ; Valeri, Mirela Pelizaro ; Ventura, Karen ; Ferguson-Smith, Malcolm Andrew ; Yonenaga-Yassuda, Yatiyo ; Svartman, Marta ; Martins, Cesar ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; University of Cambridge
Repetitive DNA are sequences repeated hundreds or thousands of times and an abundant part of eukaryotic genomes. SatDNA represents the majority of the repetitive sequences, followed by transposable elements. The species Holochilus nanus (HNA) belongs to the rodent tribe Oryzomyini, the most taxonomically diverse of Sigmodontinae subfamily. Cytogenetic studies on Oryzomyini reflect such diversity by revealing an exceptional range of karyotype variability. However, little is known about the repetitive DNA content and its involvement in chromosomal diversification of these species. In the search for a more detailed understanding about the composition of repetitive DNA on the genome of HNA and other species of Oryzomyini, we employed a combination of bioinformatic, cytogenetic and molecular techniques to characterize the repetitive DNA content of these species. RepeatExplorer analysis showed that almost half of repetitive content of HNA genome are composed by Long Terminal Repeats and a less significant portion are composed by Short Interspersed Nuclear Elements and Long Interspersed Nuclear Elements. RepeatMasker showed that more than 30% of HNA genome are composed by repetitive sequences, with two main waves of repetitive element insertion. It was also possible to identify a satellite DNA sequence present in the centromeric region of Oryzomyini species, and a repetitive sequence enriched on the long arm of HNA X chromosome. Also, comparative analysis between HNA genome with and without B chromosome did not evidence any repeat element enriched on the supernumerary, suggesting that B chromosome of HNA is composed by a fraction of repeats from all the genome.
Foram os Bivalves do Grupo Passa Dois (Exclusive Formação Rio do Rasto), Neopermiano, Invertebrados Tipicamente Dulcícolas?
(2002-01-01) Ghilardi, Renato Pirani ; Simões, Marcello Guimarães ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
During the Late Permian Paraná Basin was a huge epeiric sea in which salinity deviated from either normal marine or freshwater, particularly in marginally environments. Sedimentological, geochemical, petrographic data and associated micro-and microflora have been used to identify such variations. Although shell morphology (paleoautoecology) and preservation (taphonomy) of bivalve mollusks could be used as an additional tool, these have been fully neglected. Previous authors based on the occurrence of charophyte oogonia in rocks of the Terezina/Corumbataí Formations (Passa Dois Group) and coeval occurrences outside the Brazilian portion of the basin, interpreted the fauna (Pinzonella illusa and Pinzonella neotropica assemblages) as typically freshwater. However, morphologic and taphonomic evidences do not corroborate this assumption: a-assimetrical sculptures and radial ornamentation found in shells of the genera Cowperesia and Ferrazia are absent in freshwater bivalve shells; b-anteriorly expanded shells (e.g., Runnegariella fragilis) are not present in mollusks that colonized freshwater environments, and c-lunule (e.g., Pinzonella, Itatamba, and Plesiocyprinella) is rare or absent in freshwater bivalves. Additionally, typical morphological features (e.g., claustrun, tubercles, shell torsion) exhibited by freshwater bivalves were not observed in the studied fauna. Assemblages including high proportion of shells with extensive solution pits concentrated in the umbonal region are common in bivalves that suffered prolonged exposures to freshwater conditions. These features have never been observed in the studied fossil record. Our data highly suggest that the reconstruction of Passa Dois Group paleosalinity must be done using a “myriad” of stratigraphic, sedimentologic, paleobiologic and taphonomic information. At this moment, we can only affirm that they were not typical freshwater mollusks. Probably, they lived in shallow water habitats, frequently affected by storms, and punctuated by episodes of intense evaporation and hypersalinity with influence of local freshwater inputs, configuring an situation of high environmental stress.
Oocyte secreted factors control genes regulating FSH signaling and the maturation cascade in cumulus cells: the oocyte is not in a hurry
(2023-01-01) Buratini, Jose ; Dellaqua, Thaisy Tino ; de Lima, Paula Fernanda ; Renzini, Mario Mignini ; Canto, Mariabeatrice Dal ; Price, Christopher A. ; Reproductive Medicine Centre ; Clinica EUGIN ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Université de Montréal
Abstract: Purpose: To assess the effects of the oocyte on mRNA abundance of FSHR, AMH and major genes of the maturation cascade (AREG, EREG, ADAM17, EGFR, PTGS2, TNFAIP6, PTX3, and HAS2) in bovine cumulus cells. Methods: (1) Intact cumulus-oocyte complexes, (2) microsurgically oocytectomized cumulus-oolema complexes (OOX), and (3) OOX + denuded oocytes (OOX+DO) were subjected to in vitro maturation (IVM) stimulated with FSH for 22 h or with AREG for 4 and 22 h. After IVM, cumulus cells were separated and relative mRNA abundance was measured by RT-qPCR. Results: After 22 h of FSH-stimulated IVM, oocytectomy increased FSHR mRNA levels (p=0.005) while decreasing those of AMH (p=0.0004). In parallel, oocytectomy increased mRNA abundance of AREG, EREG, ADAM17, PTGS2, TNFAIP6, and PTX3, while decreasing that of HAS2 (p<0.02). All these effects were abrogated in OOX+DO. Oocytectomy also reduced EGFR mRNA levels (p=0.009), which was not reverted in OOX+DO. The stimulatory effect of oocytectomy on AREG mRNA abundance (p=0.01) and its neutralization in OOX+DO was again observed after 4 h of AREG-stimulated IVM. After 22 h of AREG-stimulated IVM, oocytectomy and addition of DOs to OOX caused the same effects on gene expression observed after 22 h of FSH-stimulated IVM, except for ADAM17 (p<0.025). Conclusion: These findings suggest that oocyte-secreted factors inhibit FSH signaling and the expression of major genes of the maturation cascade in cumulus cells. These may be important actions of the oocyte favoring its communication with cumulus cells and preventing premature activation of the maturation cascade.
A taxonomic review of the genus Paracoccidioides, with focus on the uncultivable species
(2023-04-01) Vilela, Raquel ; de Hoog, Sybren ; Bensch, Konstanze ; Bagagli, Eduardo ; Mendoza, Leonel ; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) ; Michigan State University ; Center of Expertise in Mycology of RadboudUMC/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital ; Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Paracoccidioides species have always been surrounded by taxonomic uncertainties. The continuing nomenclatoral muddle was caused in part by the failure of Adolfo Lutz and Jorge Lôbo to name the etiologic agents of human paracoccidioidomycosis and Jorge Lôbo’s diseases, respectively. Early in their history, it was postulated that the cultivable species causing systemic infections belonged in the genus Paracoccidioides, whereas the uncultivable species, causing skin disease, were not part of the genus. The taxonomy of these pathogens was further complicated when a similar skin disease with numerous yeast-like cells in infected dolphins was also reported. Due to its phenotypic similarities with that described by Jorge Lôbo in human and its uncultivable nature, it was assumed that the disease in dolphins was caused by the same fungus. Recent molecular and population genetic analysis, however, found the DNA extracted from the uncultivable yeast-like cells affecting dolphins shared common phylogenetic traits with cultivable Paracoccidioides species. The study revealed that the uncultivable pathogens comprised 2 different Paracoccidioides species, now known as P. ceti and P. loboi, correspondingly. To validate P. loboi binomial, a comprehensive historical critical review of Jorge Lôbo etiology was performed. This review showed the proposed binomial P. loboi was previously used, and, thus, a replacement name is introduced, Paracoccidioides lobogeorgii nom. nov. In addition, in this review, several cultivable human Paracoccidioides species are validated, and the generic type species, P. brasiliensis, is neotypified as the original material could not be traced..
Performance and preference of Bemisia tabaci on tomato severe rugose virus infected tomato plants
(2023-07-01) Bello, Vinicius Henrique ; Nogueira, Angélica Maria ; Sartori, Maria Márcia Pereira ; Pavan, Marcelo Agenor ; Rezende, Jorge Alberto Marques ; Ghanim, Murad ; Krause-Sakate, Renate ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; Institute of Plant Protection
Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) and Mediterranean (MED) were reported as the sole vectors for tomato severe rugose virus (ToSRV), the prevalent begomovirus infecting tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L., Solanaceae) in Brazil. To improve our understanding on the interactions between B. tabaci and ToSRV, we studied the effects of the virus on the performance of MEAM1 and MED. Comparing adults’ performance on non-infected and ToSRV-infected tomato plants, the number of hatched eggs and emerged adults decreased for both MEAM1 and MED in infected tomato plants. However, the negative effect was more evident for MED, where the emergence of adults was reduced by 90% on ToSRV-infected tomatoes. In addition, the developmental time and percentage survival of MED on ToSRV-infected plants were severely affected compared to non-infected plants, while no differences were observed for MEAM1. Preference assays showed that non-viruliferous MEAM1 adults preferred to settle on non-infected plants in initial times (from 1 h to 6 h) but did not show preference between non-infected and infected plants in other evaluated times (from 12 h to 72 h). Viruliferous MEAM1 adults did not show a preference for either ToSRV-infected or non-infected plants. In contrast, MED non-viruliferous and viruliferous adults preferred to settle on non-infected plants compared to ToSRV-infected tomato plants. Our results indicate that ToSRV differently influences the performance and behavior of the whitefly species MEAM1 and MED, negatively interfering with the life parameters of MED.
To each their own! Nectar plasticity within a flower mediates distinct ecological interactions
(2023-02-01) Balduino, Hannelise de Kassia ; Tunes, Priscila ; Giordano, Emanuele ; Guarnieri, Massimo ; Machado, Silvia Rodrigues ; Nepi, Massimo ; Guimarães, Elza ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; University of Siena ; National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC)
Nuptial and extranuptial nectaries are involved in interactions with different animal functional groups. Nectar traits involved in pollination mutualisms are well known. However, we know little about those traits involved in other mutualisms, such as ant-plant interactions, especially when both types of nectaries are in the same plant organ, the flower. Here we investigated if when two types of nectaries are exploited by distinct functional groups of floral visitors, even being within the same plant organ, the nectar secreted presents distinct features that fit animal requirements. We compared nectar secretion dynamics, floral visitors and nectar chemical composition of both nuptial and extranuptial nectaries in natural populations of the liana Amphilophium mansoanum (Bignoniaceae). For that we characterized nectar sugar, amino acid and specialized metabolite composition by high-performance liquid chromatography. Nuptial nectaries were visited by three medium- and large-sized bee species and extranuptial nectaries were visited mainly by ants, but also by cockroaches, wasps and flies. Nuptial and extranuptial nectar differed regarding volume, concentration, milligrams of sugars per flower and secretion dynamics. Nuptial nectar was sucrose-dominated, with high amounts of γ-aminobutyric acid and β-aminobutyric acid and with theophylline-like alkaloid, which were all exclusive of nuptial nectar. Whereas extranuptial nectar was hexose-rich, had a richer and less variable amino acid chemical profile, with high amounts of serine and alanine amino acids and with higher amounts of the specialized metabolite tyramine. The nectar traits from nuptial and extranuptial nectaries differ in energy amount and nutritional value, as well as in neuroactive specialized metabolites. These differences seem to match floral visitors' requirements, since they exclusively consume one of the two nectar types and may be exerting selective pressures on the composition of the respective resources of interest.
Zinc methionine or zinc sulphate supplementation modulate the development of the hypopharyngeal gland and expression of major royal jelly protein genes in Apis mellifera L. bees
(2023-01-01) do Prado Ribeiro, Giovanna ; Kadri, Samir Moura ; Justulin, Luis Antônio ; Ribolla, Paulo Eduardo Martins ; Orsi, Ricardo de Oliveira ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
We analysed whether the source of zinc (inorganic and organic) influences the morphology of the hypopharyngeal gland (HPG) and the relative expression of major royal jelly protein (MRJP) genes in nursing bees at 6 days of age. For this, 15 colonies of Apis mellifera bees were subjected to the following treatments: Zn0 (control), zinc methionine (50 ppm) and zinc sulphate monohydrate (50 ppm) during the off-season (characterized by food reduction). MRJP1 and MRJP5 gene expression was analysed using real-time PCR and HPG sections under a microscope. Bee mortality and population development were also evaluated for 30 days. It was observed that the honeybees consumed all sugar syrup containing zinc both in its organic and inorganic forms, which did not promote mortality or affect population development. Regarding HPG morphometry, it was observed that zinc, regardless of the source, promoted the acini area significantly greater than that of the control. Zn methionine promoted a significant increase in HPG area compared with that of an inorganic source. The relative expression of MRJP1 and MRJP5 was not significantly affected compared with the control. We conclude that the mineral Zn promotes an increase in the HPG area and does not alter the pattern of expression of the MRJP1 and MRJP5 genes, and that the organic source of the mineral presents the best results.
Integrative Analysis of the Ethanol Tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
(2023-03-01) Wolf, Ivan Rodrigo ; Marques, Lucas Farinazzo ; de Almeida, Lauana Fogaça ; Lázari, Lucas Cardoso ; de Moraes, Leonardo Nazário ; Cardoso, Luiz Henrique ; Alves, Camila Cristina de Oliveira ; Nakajima, Rafael Takahiro ; Schnepper, Amanda Piveta ; Golim, Marjorie de Assis ; Cataldi, Thais Regiani ; Nijland, Jeroen G. ; Pinto, Camila Moreira ; Fioretto, Matheus Naia ; Almeida, Rodrigo Oliveira ; Driessen, Arnold J. M. ; Simōes, Rafael Plana ; Labate, Mônica Veneziano ; Grotto, Rejane Maria Tommasini ; Labate, Carlos Alberto ; Fernandes Junior, Ary ; Justulin, Luis Antonio ; Coan, Rafael Luiz Buogo ; Ramos, Érica ; Furtado, Fabiana Barcelos ; Martins, Cesar ; Valente, Guilherme Targino ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; University of Groningen ; Ciência e Tecnologia do Sudeste de Minas Gerais ; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research
Ethanol (EtOH) alters many cellular processes in yeast. An integrated view of different EtOH-tolerant phenotypes and their long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is not yet available. Here, large-scale data integration showed the core EtOH-responsive pathways, lncRNAs, and triggers of higher (HT) and lower (LT) EtOH-tolerant phenotypes. LncRNAs act in a strain-specific manner in the EtOH stress response. Network and omics analyses revealed that cells prepare for stress relief by favoring activation of life-essential systems. Therefore, longevity, peroxisomal, energy, lipid, and RNA/protein metabolisms are the core processes that drive EtOH tolerance. By integrating omics, network analysis, and several other experiments, we showed how the HT and LT phenotypes may arise: (1) the divergence occurs after cell signaling reaches the longevity and peroxisomal pathways, with CTA1 and ROS playing key roles; (2) signals reaching essential ribosomal and RNA pathways via SUI2 enhance the divergence; (3) specific lipid metabolism pathways also act on phenotype-specific profiles; (4) HTs take greater advantage of degradation and membraneless structures to cope with EtOH stress; and (5) our EtOH stress-buffering model suggests that diauxic shift drives EtOH buffering through an energy burst, mainly in HTs. Finally, critical genes, pathways, and the first models including lncRNAs to describe nuances of EtOH tolerance are reported here.
Effects of molasses supplementation on animal performance and carcass parameters of beef cattle: a meta-analysis
(2023-06-01) de Nazaré Santos Torres, Rodrigo ; Bertoco, João Pedro Amaral ; de Arruda, Maria Carolina Gonçalves ; de Melo Coelho, Larissa ; Paschoaloto, Josimari Regina ; Neto, Otavio Rodrigues Machado ; Ezequiel, Jane Maria Bertocco ; Almeida, Marco Túlio Costa ; Chardulo, Luis Artur Loyola ; Baldassini, Welder Angelo ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; Federal University of Piauí ; Federal University of Espírito Santo
Molasses must be one of the most used foods in the diet of ruminant animals; however, there is no consensus on the effect of including molasses on carcass parameters. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the effect of including molasses in the diet of feedlot cattle on performance and carcass parameters. Thirteen peer-reviewed publications with 45 treatment means were included in the dataset. The effect of molasses in beef cattle diets was evaluated by examining the weighted mean differences (WMD) between molasses treatment (diet with molasses) and control diet (diet without molasses). Heterogeneity was explored by meta-regression and subgroup analysis using genetic type and experimental period, molasses in diet (g/kg dry matter (DM)), molasses type, concentrate in diet (g/kg DM), and forage type. The inclusion of molasses in the diet increased dry matter digestibility, but reduced NDF digestibility, carcass weight, subcutaneous, and visceral fat. The main sources of variation for the responses with molasses inclusion on intake, digestibility, performance, and carcass parameters were the level of molasses inclusion and the experimental period. In general context, the inclusion of molasses in the diet between 100 to 150 g/kg of DM did not affect performance and carcass parameters. However, the inclusion of molasses above 200 g/kg reduces the average daily gain and carcass weight.
Impact of GA3 on Sugar and Lipid Degradation during Annona x atemoya Mabb. Seed Germination
(2023-03-01) Mimi, Carolina Ovile ; Sousa, Marília Caixeta ; Corrêa, Patrícia Luciana Carriel ; De-la-Cruz-Chacón, Ivan ; Boaro, Carmen Sílvia Fernandes ; Ferreira, Gisela ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas
Gibberellins act to overcome dormancy and increase the germination rate of seeds of several species, including the genus Annona. Considering that Annona seeds have a high lipid content and have few sugars, the degradation of such reserves from the application of gibberellins has not been described so far. This study aimed to evaluate how the application of different gibberellic acid (GA3) concentrations acts on the sugar and lipid degradation pattern during the germination of atemoya seeds (Annona x atemoya Mabb.). Therefore, two experiments were carried out, one to evaluate the effect of GA3 on the germination process and another to evaluate the degradation of the reserves. To study the effect of GA3 on germinability, four treatments with GA3 concentrations of 0, 250, 500, and 1000 mg L−1 were used. To study the degradation of reserves, the four GA3 concentrations and five collection times were used (dry seed; seed with 1 day, 5 days, and 10 days of water acquisition; and seeds with primary root emission). Atemoya seeds showed an increase in germinability and changes in the sugar and lipid degradation pattern during the germination process in response to the treatments with GA3. Lipid and sugar degradation was observed from 24 h after seed immersion in GA3. The highest GA3 concentrations (500 and 1000 mg L−1) led to increases of 25% and 20%, respectively, in the germination rate, intensification of lipid degradation in seeds with primary root emission, and a decrease in sugar concentration until the 5th day.
Behind Base J: The Roles of JBP1 and JBP2 on Trypanosomatids
(2023-03-01) Assis, Luiz Henrique de Castro ; de Paiva, Stephany Cacete ; Cano, Maria Isabel Nogueira ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
β-D-glucopyranosyloxymethiluracil (Base J) is a modified thymidine base found in kinetoplastids and some related organisms. Interestingly, Base J distribution into the genome can vary depending on the organism and its life stage. Base J is reported to be found mostly at telomeric repeats, on inactive variant surface glycoproteins (VSG’s) expression sites (e.g., T. brucei), in RNA polymerase II termination sites and sub-telomeric regions (e.g., Leishmania). This hypermodified nucleotide is synthesized in two steps with the participation of two distinct thymidine hydroxylases, J-binding protein 1 and 2 (JBP1 and JBP2, respectively) and a β-glucosyl transferase. A third J-binding protein, named JBP3, was recently identified as part of a multimeric complex. Although its structural similarities with JBP1, it seems not to be involved in J biosynthesis but to play roles in gene expression regulation in trypanosomatids. Over the years, with the characterization of JBP1 and JBP2 mutant lines, Base J functions have been targeted and shone a light on that matter, showing genus-specific features. This review aims to explore Base J’s reported participation as a regulator of RNA polymerase II transcription termination and to summarize the functional and structural characteristics and similarities of the remarkable JBP proteins in pathogenic trypanosomatids.
Propolis consumption by asymptomatic HIV-individuals: Better redox state? A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
(2023-06-01) Tasca, Karen Ingrid ; Conte, Fernanda Lopes ; Correa, Camila Renata ; Santiago, Karina Basso ; Cardoso, Eliza de Oliveira ; Manfio, Vanessa Martinez ; Garcia, Jessica Leite ; Berretta, Andresa Aparecida ; Sartori, Arthur Alves ; Honorio, Mariana da Silva ; Souza, Lenice do Rosário ; Sforcin, José Maurício ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; R&D Department
Propolis is a natural product has many biological properties of clinical interest, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. Considering that people living with HIV/aids (PLWHA) on effective combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) present early aging due to an intense immune activation, inflammation, and redox imbalance, propolis consumption could offer a benefit to such patients. This double-blind longitudinal study evaluated whether Brazilian green propolis pills intake (500 mg/day for three months) would decrease the oxidative stress of virological suppressed HIV-individuals. To compare each group (propolis, n = 20 versus placebo, n = 20) in both moments (M0, before and M1, after the intervention), the following markers were assessed: plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonylation, total oxide nitric, total antioxidant capacity (TAP), superoxide dismutase, catalase, and NFkB and NRF2 gene expression. Data were analyzed using Poisson, Gamma distribution and ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer. The groups were homogeneous regarding age, gender, time of diagnosis/ treatment, cART scheme, CD4+ T cell count, and no changes were observed in the diet food, or patients’ lifestyles. A decreased MDA concentration was seen in the propolis group (M0 = 0.24 ± 0.13, M1 = 0.20 ± 0.10 protein nmol/mg; p = 0.005) as well as a slight but non-significant increase of TAP (M0 = 49.07 ± 13.26, M1 = 52.27 ± 14.86%; p = 0.06). One may conclude that propolis promoted a lower lipid peroxidation and improved the antioxidant system, suggesting that its use may be beneficial to PLWHA in an attempt to contain the intense inflammatory and oxidant activity.

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