Araçatuba - FMVA - Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://hdl.handle.net/11449/253724

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Cryptosporidium proventriculi in Captive Cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus)
(2023-05-01) Panegossi, Mariele Fernanda da Cruz ; Widmer, Giovanni ; Nagata, Walter Bertequini ; Oliveira, Bruno César Miranda ; Ferrari, Elis Domingos ; Gomes, Jancarlo Ferreira ; Meireles, Marcelo Vasconcelos ; Nakamura, Alex Akira ; do Santos-Doni, Thaís Rabelo ; da Silveira Neto, Luiz ; Bresciani, Katia Denise Saraiva ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Tufts University ; Secretaria de Agricultura e Abastecimento do Estado de São Paulo ; União das Faculdades dos Grandes Lagos (Unilago) ; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) ; Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) ; Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT)
Cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) are among the most commonly sold psittacines pets. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. in domestic N. hollandicus and identify risk factors for this infection. We collected fecal samples from 100 domestic cockatiels in the city of Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. Feces from birds of both genders and older than two months were collected. Owners were asked to complete a questionnaire to identify how they handle and care for their birds. Based on nested PCR targeting the 18S rRNA gene, the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in the cockatiels sampled was 9.00%, 6.00% based on Malachite green staining, 5.00% based on modified Kinyoun straining, and 7.00% when the Malachite green was combined with Kinyoun. Applying multivariate logistic regression to test the association between Cryptosporidium proventriculi positivity and potential predictors showed that gastrointestinal alterations was a significant predictor (p < 0.01). Amplicons from five samples were sequenced successfully and showed 100% similarity with C. proventriculi. In summary, this study demonstrates the occurrence of C. proventriculi in captive cockatiels.
Gingivitis in calves: longitudinal hematological and metabolic profiles-and salivary buffering capacity in animals treated with virginiamycin
(2023-01-01) Vaccari, Juliana ; Ramos, Thamiris Naiasha Minari ; Júnior, Elerson Gaetti-Jardim ; Chaves-Neto, Antonio Hernandes ; Borsanelli, Ana Carolina ; Saraiva, Júlia Rebecca ; de Souza, Natália Cristina ; Bomfim, Suely Regina Mogami ; Schweitzer, Christiane Marie ; Dos Santos Dutra, Iveraldo ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG)
Gingivitis is an infectious inflammatory process that generates local and systemic conditions, compromising the masticatory capacity of animals. Virginiamycin controls and prevents gingivitis and necrotizing gingivitis in cattle. However, the interaction and effect with different sera and salivary elements remain unknown. The present 6-month longitudinal study evaluated the hematological, metabolic, and salivary buffering capacity profiles of calves with gingivitis treated with virginiamycin. Ten calves were divided into two groups: control and virginiamycin (n = 5 each). Calves in the virginiamycin group had a lower occurrence of gingivitis (P < 0.01, Student’s t-test). The animals that developed gingivitis in both experimental groups had higher salivary levels of alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.01915) and lower serum levels of albumin (P = 0.0028). Additionally, animals receiving virginiamycin had higher serum levels of magnesium (P = 0.008), albumin (P = 0.0008), urea (P = 0.008), alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.008), total proteins (P = 0.008), and plasma protein (P = 0.018). Salivary buffering capacity was negatively correlated with salivary variables such as calcium, magnesium, albumin, total protein, and aspartate aminotransferase and serum variables such as albumin and aspartate aminotransferase. Results of the present study suggested that the occurrence of periodontopathies in episodes is reflected in the local and systemic alterations in animals. In this context, clinical periodontal monitoring also showed the benefits of virginiamycin supplementation on gingival conditions and systemic health markers, in addition to controlling the two precursor forms of periodontitis.
Foliar Spray Inoculation with Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria Associated with Nitrogen Doses in Megathyrsus maximus cv. BRS Zuri
(2023-04-01) Freitas, Gabriela da Silva ; Moreira, Adônis ; Prudencio, Marcelo Falaci ; Heinrichs, Reges ; Nogueira, Marco Antonio ; Hungria, Mariangela ; Soares Filho, Cecílio Viega ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA)
This study evaluated the combined effect of foliar spray inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and nitrogen doses on the yield, development, and nutritive value of Megathyrsus maximus cv. BRS Zuri. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications, with repeated measures in time. Foliar inoculation of two bacteria (Azospirillum brasilense Ab-V5 (CNPSo 2083) and Ab-V6 (CNPSo 2084) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (CNPSo 2799)) and 40 and 80 kg ha−1 N (urea) rates, in addition to the control (without inoculation and N fertilization), were applied. In the rainy season, at the level of 40 kg ha−1 of N, inoculation of both A. brasilense and P. fluorescens increased, respectively, the tiller number by 33% and 25% (22 February), and the N accumulated in tissues by 42% and 25% (22 January), while in the previous year (21 February) the beneficial effects of both bacteria were observed in the percentage of leaf blade and in the true digestibility in vitro. When the foliar spray was inoculated with A. brasilense Ab-V5 and Ab-V6 and P. fluorescens CNPSo 2799, with 80 kg N ha−1, the root system of Zuri grass increased by 61% and 30%, respectively.
Effect of Phosphorus-Containing Polymers on the Shoot Dry Weight Yield and Nutritive Value of Mavuno Grass
(2023-04-01) Prudencio, Marcelo Falaci ; de Almeida, Lucas José de Carvalho ; Moreira, Adônis ; Freitas, Gabriela da Silva ; Heinrichs, Reges ; Soares Filho, Cecílio Viega ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA)
In an effort to improve fertility, recover degraded areas and increase support for the capacity of livestock on pasture, new forms of fertilizer are being developed. Polymer-coated monoammonium phosphate (MAP) is an innovative source of phosphorus (P) for maintaining forage grass productivity. The aim this study was to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of P rates with the presence and absence of the polymer on the productivity, development and nutritional value of hybrid signalgrass (Urochloa spp.) cv. Mavuno. The field research was conducted on a dystrophic Ultisol. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications and treatments applied in a factorial scheme (2 × 4) + 1. The treatments included two P sources (uncoated MAP and polymers-coated MAP) at four rates (20, 40, 80 and 160 kg ha−1 of P2O5), and the control received no P fertilization. The measured variables showed no differences between sources with or without polymer. The maximum production of accumulated shoot dry weight yield (SDWY) of the ‘Mavuno’ grass was 20.2 Mg ha−1 with the dose of 114 kg ha−1 of P2O5. The value of crude protein and in vitro dry matter digestibility showed a quadratic response with maximum production of 76.5% and 15.9% for the P2O5 rates of 37.2 and 91.1 kg ha−1, respectively, while the acid detergent insoluble fiber showed a linear increase up to the rate of 80 kg ha−1 of P2O5. No differences were observed in plant height, number of tillers, or the relative chlorophyll content between treatments.
MicroRNA-21 and microRNA-148a affects PTEN, NO and ROS in canine leishmaniasis
(2023-01-01) De Freitas, Jéssica Henrique ; Bragato, Jaqueline Poleto ; Rebech, Gabriela Torres ; Costa, Sidnei Ferro ; Dos Santos, Marilene Oliveira ; Soares, Matheus Fujimura ; Eugênio, Flávia de Rezende ; Dos Santos, Paulo Sérgio Patto ; De Lima, Valéria Marçal Felix ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Canine Visceral leishmaniasis (CanL) poses a severe public health threat in several countries. Disease progression depends on the degree of immune response suppression. MicroRNAs (miRs) modulate mRNA translation into proteins and regulate various cellular functions and pathways associated with immune responses. MiR-21 and miR-148a can alter the parasite load and M1 macrophages are the principal cells in dogs’ leishmanicidal activity. A previous study found increased miR-21 and miR-148a in splenic leukocytes (SL) of dogs with CanL using microarray analysis and in silico analysis identified PTEN pathway targets. PTEN is involved in the immune regulation of macrophages. We measured PTEN and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) before and after transfection SLs of dogs with CanL with mimic and inhibition of miR-21 and miR-148a. PTEN levels increased, NO and ROS decreased in SLs from dogs with CanL. Inhibition of miRNA-21 resulted in PTEN increase; in contrast, PTEN decreased after miR-148a inhibition. Nitrite (NO2) levels increased after transfection with miR-21 inhibitor but were decreased with miR-148a inhibitor. The increase in miR-21 promoted a reduction in ROS and NO levels, but miR-148a inhibition increased NO and reduced ROS. These findings suggest that miR-21 and miR-148a can participate in immune response in CanL, affecting PTEN, NO, and ROS levels.
Profile of human anti-rabies care and post-exposure prophylaxis in the state of São Paulo
(2023-01-01) da Costa Andrade, Bruno Fonseca Martins ; Queiroz, Luzia Helena ; Marinho, Márcia ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Background: Rabies is an anthropozoonosis that greatly impacts public health and is transmitted by infected mammals. Aggression by animals is notifiable and may result in anti-rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). This study aimed to characterize anti-rabies PEP notifications in São Paulo state, Brazil. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted using data provided by the SINAN between 2013 and 2017. Results: A total of 572,889 aggressions were recorded during the study period, characterized mostly by dogs (83.5%), single wounds (56.9%), superficial wounds (58.6%), and hands/feet (34.6%). Conclusions: Animal observation was the most frequent recommendation, even in cases of attacks from non-domestic animals.
Thymic alterations resulting from experimental visceral leishmaniasis in a Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)
(2023-03-01) Março, Karen Santos ; da Silva Borégio, Jaqueline ; Jussiani, Giulia Gonçalves ; de Souza Ferreira, Laura Flávia Esperança ; Flores, Gabriela Venicia Araujo ; Pacheco, Carmen Maria Sandoval ; Laurenti, Marcia Dalastra ; Machado, Gisele Fabrino ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
Background: The thymus is a lymphoid organ responsible for the development and maturation of T cells, which are part of the Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg immune responses triggered by visceral leishmaniasis. The maturation and immunological development of T lymphocytes require a bidirectional interaction between the thymic microenvironment of epithelial cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages and the extracellular matrix with differentiating lymphocytes. Objectives: We evaluated the morphological characteristics and tissue distribution of hematopoietic and stromal cells in the thymuses of hamsters experimentally infected with Leishmania infantum, aiming to gain an insight into the pathophysiology of the disease. Methods: Fifteen hamsters were subjected to intraperitoneal experimental infection with 107 L. infantum promastigotes (MHOM/BR/1972/BH46). The animals were divided into three groups, each comprising five infected hamsters, and were then euthanized 15, 60, and 120 days postinfection. The control groups consisted of three groups of five healthy hamsters euthanized simultaneously with the infected ones. Thymic morphology was evaluated through histopathology and the cell composition through immunohistochemistry. We used antibodies to mark mesenchymal cells (anti-vimentin), epithelial cells (anti-cytokeratin), macrophages (anti-MAC387), B lymphocytes (anti-CD79a), and T lymphocytes (anti-CD3). Immunohistochemistry was also used to mark the parasite in the thymus. Results: Infected and control hamsters showed no difference in thymic morphology and degree of atrophy. After 15 days of infection, CD3 + T lymphocytes in the thymus showed an increase that stabilized over time. At 120 days of infection, we detected a significant decrease in CD79a+ B lymphocytes. The parasite was present in the medullary and corticomedullary regions of 9 out of 15 hamsters. These findings confirm that the presence of a parasite can cause changes in a thymus cell population. However, further studies are needed to evaluate these changes’ effects on the immune response of infected animals.
miR-148a regulation interferes in inflammatory cytokine and parasitic load in canine leishmaniasis
(2023-01-01) Rebech, Gabriela Torres ; Bragato, Jaqueline Poleto ; Costa, Sidnei Ferro ; de Freitas, Jéssica Henrique ; Dos Santos, Marilene Oliveira ; Soares, Matheus Fujimura ; Eugênio, Flávia de Rezende ; Dos Santos, Paulo Sérgio Patto ; de Lima, Valéria Marçal Felix ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a severe public health threat. Infected animals mediate transmission of the Leishmania protozoan to humans via the sandfly’s bite during a blood meal. CanL progression depends on the degree of suppression of the immune response, possibly associated with microRNAs (miR), which can modulate mRNA translation into pro-teins and (consequently) regulate cell function. Increased miR-148a in splenic leukocytes (SL) of dogs with CanL was observed in previous studies, and in silico analysis, identified possible pathways involved in immune response regulation that are affected by this miR. Therefore, we evaluated the involvement of miR-148a in the regulation of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, IL-1β, iNOS, MHCII, CD80, CD3, T-bet, and GATA-3 transcription factors and their relationship with parasite load in SL of dogs with CanL. Splenic leukocytes obtained from healthy and diseased dogs were transfected with miR-148a mimic and inhibitor oligonucleo-tides. After 48 hours, expression levels of MHCII, CD80, iNOS, CD3, T-bet, and GATA-3 were evaluated by flow cytometry, and concentrations of TNF-α, IL-12, IL-6, and IL-1β were measured in culture supernatants by capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Trans-fection of SL with miR-148a mimics decreased iNOS levels in cells and TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12 in the supernatants of cultured SL from CanL dogs. Interestingly, transfection with miR-148a inhibitor decreased parasite load in SL cells. These results suggest a direct or not regulatory role of this miR in the immune response to Leishmania infantum infection. We con-clude that miR-148a can modulate immune responses by regulating inflammatory cytokines during CanL. Our results contribute to understanding the complex host/parasite interaction in CanL and could assist the development of treatments.
Integrative taxonomy for the traditional coccidians (Chromista: Miozoa: Eimeriidae) from island canaries (Aves: Passeriformes: Fringillidae): Worldwide distribution, morphological and molecular characterization, revaluations and establishment of junior synonyms
(2023-06-01) Berto, Bruno Pereira ; Machado, Evelyn Lina ; Hossotani, Camila Michele de Souza ; Beretta, Bruna Matarucco Sampaio ; da Silva, Débora Regina Romualdo ; Nakamura, Alex Akira ; Meireles, Marcelo Vasconcelos ; Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Island canaries Serinus canaria (Linnaeus) are finches native to the North Atlantic Islands, however, they have a worldwide distribution in captivity due to their relevance as a pet bird. Coccidians are the most reported parasites of passerines worldwide, both in the wild and in captivity, being frequently associated with disease in passerines kept in rehabilitation centers and commercial breeders. This study aimed to identify coccidians from island canaries kept in captivity in Brazil. Three hundred and fifteen genomic DNA extracted from fecal samples of island canaries from different breeders from Southern and Southeastern Brazil were used to perform a nested PCR assay to amplify a partial fragment of the 28S small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (28S) of Isospora spp. Microscopic screening and morphological identification of Isospora oocysts was performed in fecal samples corresponding to PCR positive DNA samples. Fecal samples have been formalin-stored for approximately four years. Positivity rate for both microscopy and PCR was 10.5% (33/315). Posteriorly, Isospora serini (Aragão, 1933) Box, 1975 and Isospora canaria Box, 1975 were morphologically identified from fresh fecal samples of island canaries maintained by a breeder in the State of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, providing a genotypic characterization via sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and 28S genes. The 28S and COI sequences referring to the morphological identification of I. canaria was, respectively, 100% and 99% similar to sequences deposited as Isospora serinuse Yang, Brice, Elliot & Ryan, 2015 from island canaries kept in a rehabilitation center in Australia. The COI sequence referring to the morphological identification of I. serini was 100% similar to a sequence of an extraintestinal Isospora, corroborating this identification/sequencing since I. serini is the first isosporan with an extra-intestinal cycle demonstrated. The comparison of morphological and molecular data from I. canaria and I. serini from this study with published data of Isospora spp. from canaries worldwide, allowed the specific identification from preliminary generic identifications, correction of misidentifications, as well as the establishment of junior synonyms. Finally, this study provides morphological and molecular data that ensure the correct identification of the two Isospora spp. from island canaries in future studies worldwide.
Rabies in Bats (Chiroptera, Mammalia) in Brazil: Prevalence and Potential Risk Factors Based on Twenty Years of Research in the Northwestern Region of São Paulo, Brazil
(2023-01-01) Garcia, Ana Beatriz ; de Carvalho, Cristiano ; Casagrande, Daiene ; Picinato, Mirelle Andrea de Carvalho ; Pedro, Wagner Andre ; Marinho, Márcia ; Queiroz, Luzia Helena ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The number of rabies cases in bats has increased recently in Brazil and in the state of São Paulo, representing a new epidemiological scenario for this zoonosis. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of rabies in bats according to food habits, taxonomic classification, sex and season of the year to identify possible risk factors for rabies occurrence in bats. A retrospective analysis of 6389 records of bat samples, from different municipalities of São Paulo, submitted to rabies diagnosis and taxonomic identification was carried out at the Rabies Diagnostic and Chiroptera Laboratories of Unesp Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil, from 1998 to 2017. Seventy-six (1.1%) positive rabies cases were detected in bats from ten species and seven genera of three families. The number of rabies-positive cases was higher in the dry season, with a significant association. The prevalence was higher in the Vespertilionidae family (37), especially Myotis nigricans (19) and Eptesicus furinalis (14). Frugivorous bats had a greater association with positivity for rabies, whereas the variable “sex” had no association. We recommend that the surveillance and control of rabies should be undertaken primarily during the dry season, especially in the Vespertilionidae family species and other species with a frugivorous food habit.
TF-Test techniques for the laboratory diagnosis of gastrointestinal parasites of humans and animals
(2022-12-31) Inácio, Sandra Valéria ; Gomes, Jancarlo Ferreira ; Falcão, Alexandre Xavier ; da Silva, Débora Regina Romualdo ; Nagata, Walter Bertequini ; Suzuki, Celso Tetsuo Nagase ; Dos Santos, Bianca Martins ; Soares, Felipe Augusto ; Loiola, Saulo Hudson Nery ; Benitez, Aline Do Nascimento ; Rosa, Stefani Laryssa ; Bresciani, Katia Denise Saraiva ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
Intestinal parasites inhabit the intestinal tract of humans and animals, causing damages whose severity depends on several factors related to the parasite and the host. Immunocompromised individuals are more likely to develop severe forms of parasitic infestation. The diagnosis of the gastrointestinal parasitosis is mainly performed by the examination of the feces, which consists of the direct visualization and identification of the parasites eliminated through the feces. These tests are generally low sensitive and the microscope slides contain a large number of impurities, which can impair the result of the diagnosis. In order to improve the diagnostic accuracy, a new parasitological technique called Three Fecal Test (TF-Test) was developed. To further improve its diagnostic accuracy, few modifications of the original protocols have been made with the years. In this study the performance of these new techniques to detect gastrointestinal parasites in human and animal fecal samples was described and discussed in relation to the performance of other conventional coprological tests. It could be concluded that the TF-Test conventional and modified can be used for the diagnosis of several human and animal parasites, with satisfactory results.
Highly Diverse Arenaviruses in Neotropical Bats, Brazil
(2022-12-01) Bentim Góes, Luiz Gustavo ; Fischer, Carlo ; Almeida Campos, Angélica Cristine ; de Carvalho, Cristiano ; Moreira-Soto, Andrés ; Ambar, Guilherme ; da Rosa, Adriana Ruckert ; de Oliveira, Debora Cardoso ; Jo, Wendy Karen ; Cruz-Neto, Ariovaldo P. ; Pedro, Wagner André ; Queiroz, Luzia Helena ; Minoprio, Paola ; Durigon, Edison L. ; Drexler, Jan Felix ; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Centro de Controle de Zoonooses ; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF)
We detected arenavirus RNA in 1.6% of 1,047 bats in Brazil that were sampled during 2007–2011. We identified Tacaribe virus in 2 Artibeus sp. bats and a new arenavirus species in Carollia perspicillata bats that we named Tietê mammarenavirus. Our results suggest that bats are an underrecognized arenavirus reservoir.
Vector-borne and other pathogens of potential relevance disseminated by relocated cats
(2022-12-01) Maggi, Ricardo Guillermo ; Halls, Vicky ; Krämer, Friederike ; Lappin, Michael ; Pennisi, Maria Grazia ; Peregrine, Andrew S. ; Roura, Xavier ; Schunack, Bettina ; Scorza, Valeria ; Tasker, Séverine ; Baneth, Gad ; Bourdeau, Patrick ; Bowman, Dwight D. ; Breitschwerdt, Edward B. ; Capelli, Gioia ; Cardoso, Luís ; Dantas-Torres, Filipe ; Dobler, Gerhard ; Ferrer, Lluís ; Gradoni, Luigi ; Irwin, Peter ; Jongejan, Frans ; Kempf, Volkhard A. J. ; Kohn, Barbara ; Little, Susan ; Madder, Maxime ; Maia, Carla ; Marcondes, Mary ; Miró, Guadalupe ; Naucke, Torsten ; Oliva, Gaetano ; Otranto, Domenico ; Penzhorn, Barend L. ; Pfeffer, Martin ; Sainz, Ángel ; Shin, SungShik ; Solano-Gallego, Laia ; Straubinger, Reinhard K. ; Traub, Rebecca ; Wright, Ian ; North Carolina State University ; International Cat Care ; TransMIT GmbH ; Colorado State University ; University of Messina ; University of Guelph ; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona ; Elanco Animal Health Inc ; University of Bristol ; Linnaeus Veterinary Limited ; Hebrew University of Jerusalem ; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire ; Cornell University ; Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie ; University of Trás-Os-Montes E Alto Douro (UTAD) ; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz) ; Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology ; Istituto Superiore Di Sanità ; Murdoch University ; University of Pretoria ; Goethe-University ; Freie Universität Berlin ; Oklahoma State University ; Clinglobal ; Universidade NOVA de Lisboa ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidad Complutense de Madrid ; LABOKLIN GmbH ; University of Naples Federico II ; University of Bari Aldo Moro ; University of Leipzig ; Chonnam National University ; LMU Munich ; University of Melbourne ; The Mount Veterinary Practice
Large populations of unowned cats constitute an animal welfare, ecological, societal and public health issue worldwide. Their relocation and homing are currently carried out in many parts of the world with the intention of relieving suffering and social problems, while contributing to ethical and humane population control in these cat populations. An understanding of an individual cat’s lifestyle and disease status by veterinary team professionals and those working with cat charities can help to prevent severe cat stress and the spread of feline pathogens, especially vector-borne pathogens, which can be overlooked in cats. In this article, we discuss the issue of relocation and homing of unowned cats from a global perspective. We also review zoonotic and non-zoonotic infectious agents of cats and give a list of practical recommendations for veterinary team professionals dealing with homing cats. Finally, we present a consensus statement consolidated at the 15th Symposium of the Companion Vector-Borne Diseases (CVBD) World Forum in 2020, ultimately to help veterinary team professionals understand the problem and the role they have in helping to prevent and manage vector-borne and other pathogens in relocated cats. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
Yield and Chemical Composition of Marandu Grass Fertilized with Macro-and Micronutrients at Planting and for Pasture Maintenance
(2023-01-01) Amim Vieira, Maycon ; Barreto, Ivan ; de Marcos Lapaz, Allan ; dos Santos Batista Bonini, Carolina ; Filho, Cecílio Viega Soares ; Moreira, Adônis ; Heinrichs, Reges ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Federal University of Viçosa ; Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA)
The conditions in tropical regions are favorable for growth of Urochloa brizantha, but inadequate management can make the forage highly susceptible to degradation, so that the pasture quantity and quality are very poor. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of fertilization at planting and for maintenance of U. brizantha cv. “Marandu” pasture, consisting of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) associated with sulfur (S), boron (B) and zinc (Zn) on forage yield and the morphological and chemical composition. The experiment was carried out in a Typic Ultisol, and the experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, with four replicates and eight treatments. In the PK treatments, rates of 80 kg ha−1 P2O5 plus 50 kg ha−1 of K2O were applied. In all treatments, 120 kg ha1 of N was applied as ammonium nitrate split in four (4 × 30 kg). In the treatment with N fertilization only, the dry weight of U. brizantha was in the lowest yield group in all evaluations of the 2-year period. The total dry weight and leaf yield of U. brizantha was strongly and positively correlated with P, K, and S application, moderately correlated with B, and weakly with Zn supply. The soil and fertilization, climate and management conditions of forage cuts were favorable for the U. brizantha yield, with a high leaf/stem + sheath ratio (>1.94), i.e, an indicator of high leaf yield. The contents of neutral and acid detergent fiber did not vary according to the type of fertilization and that of crude protein varied only slightly in the first year in forage samples of the dry period.
Soil type determines the magnitude of soil fertility changes by forest-to-pasture conversion in Western Amazonia
(2023-01-15) Rocha, Fernando Igne ; Jesus, Ederson da Conceição ; Teixeira, Wenceslau Geraldes ; Lumbreras, José Francisco ; Clemente, Eliane de Paula ; da Motta, Paulo Emilio Ferreira ; Borsanelli, Ana Carolina ; Dutra, Iveraldo dos Santos ; de Oliveira, Aline Pacobahyba ; Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) ; Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) ; Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The deforestation of tropical forests raises environmental concerns worldwide. Removing the pristine forest impacts the soil, consequently affecting the environmental services it provides. Within this context, the main goal of this study was to determine how the conversion of the tropical rainforest to pasture affects soil fertility across an extended range of soil heterogeneity, including different soil types. We sampled 13 sites, among forests, recent pastures (≤7-year-old), and old pastures (≥10-year-old), on Acrisols, Ferralsols, Plinthosols, and Luvisols, across a ± 800 km geographical range in the Western Brazilian Amazon. Soils were classified taxonomically, and their superficial layer's chemical and physical properties (0–10 cm) were analyzed. Furthermore, we tested the sensibility of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria to detect changes in these soil properties based on their ecological habitat. An inter-regional gradient of soil fertility was observed, and the sampling sites were clustered mostly by soil type and associated land use than by spatial distance. The Sum of bases, Ca + Mg, base saturation, Al saturation, and pH were consistently affected by land use, increasing after conversion to pasture, at different degrees and with a more pronounced effect on oxidic soils. The Sum of bases was the only property that increased significantly among the study sites (Radj = 0.860, p < 0.001), being able to detect the effect of anthropic land use on a larger coverage of soil types. Finally, the Actinobacteria:Proteobacteria ratio was also sensitive to the impact of forest-to-pasture conversion, with a higher ratio observed in pasture systems, and it was positively correlated with soil pH (rho = 0.469, p < 0.001). Our results consistently show that the forest-to-pasture conversion leads to strong alterations in the soil environment, with varying intensities depending on soil type.
Monitoring periodontal lesions and their effects during pregnancy: microbiological aspects of the oral cavity and amniotic fluid in pregnant ewes
(2023-01-01) Souza, Natália C. ; Ramos, Thamiris N.M. ; Borsanelli, Ana Carolina ; Saraiva, Júlia R. ; Ferreira, Evandro M. ; Schweitzer, Christiane M. ; Elerson, Gaetti-Jardim ; Dutra, Iveraldo S. ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
Periodontitis affects the teeth supporting tissues, leading to tooth loss and damage to animal health. Evidence in humans suggests that oral microorganisms spread systemically, increasing the risk of pregnancy disorders such as miscarriage, prematurity, and low birth weight. This study aimed to verify whether periodontopathogenic microorganisms reach the transplacental unit, culminating in problems in pregnant ewes. After analyzing the oral cavity, 10 clinically healthy pregnant ewes (OGCH group) and 10 pregnant ewes with periodontitis (OGP group) were selected. The subgingival biofilm was collected for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and amniotic fluid for both the PCR and interleukin (IL) analysis. Peripheral blood was collected for complete blood count, and analyses of IL-6, IL1-β, and tumor necrosis factor-α were performed. Placental fragments were collected to assess the inflammatory changes using optical microscopy. After giving birth, both the ewes and their lambs were weighed. On clinical examination, a positive correlation between bleeding and suppuration (correlation index – CI=0.54), suppuration and marginal gingivitis (CI=0.34), and marginal gingivitis and edema (CI=0.54) was observed. The weights of the ewes (p=0.013) and their respective lambs (p=0.04) in the OGP group were lower than those of their OGCH group counterparts. The hematological analysis revealed that the OGP group ewes showed a slight increase in the mean corpuscular volume (p=0.2447), segmented cells (p=0.3375), and eosinophils (p=0.3823) when compared with the OGCH group ewes, without a statistical difference. Regarding the microorganisms detected in the oral cavity, there was a significant difference between the occurrence of periodontal pockets and the presence of Fusobacterium necrophorum (p=0.0328), Porphyromonas asaccharolytica (p=0.0392), and the Mollicutes class (p=0.0352). Staphylococcus genus (p=0.9107) and Archaea domain (p=0.7245) were detected in the amniotic samples of both groups, without a significant difference, whereas P. asaccharolytica (p=0.2685) was only detected in one sample in the OGCH group. The expression of cytokine IL-6 in the OGP group differed significantly between the prepartum and postpartum periods (p=0.0039); moreover, it differed significantly in the postpartum period between the OGCH and OGP groups (p=0.0198). Histological examination showed a higher percentage of placental changes in the OGP group (70%) than in the OGCH group, such as the presence of macrophages, neutrophils, plasma cells, and multifocal areas of calcification. These results do not corroborate the hypothesis of dissemination of oral microorganisms to the placental unit, suggesting that it constitutes placental isolation in sheep.
Morphological aspects of the digestive system in freshwater stingray (Potamotrygon amandae—Loboda and Carvalho, 2013): myliobatiformes; potamotrygoninae
(2023-06-01) de Aquino, Júlia Bastos ; de Melo, Luana Felix ; Rodrigues, Rosângela Felipe ; de Melo, Alan Peres Ferraz ; de Morais-Pinto, Luciano ; Rici, Rose Eli Grassi ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria ; Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR)
Detailed morphological descriptions supported by macroscopic, microscopic and ultrastructural analyses of the complete digestive system of the Potamotrygon amandae from the Brazilian Amazon basin were used in this study. For this purpose, six healthy adult specimens were dissected and had samples from all segments of the digestive system fixed and processed according to protocol for light and scanning electron microscopy. According to our data, in comparison with other studies in different species of oceanic and freshwater rays, it was possible to observe several morphological similarities in cell and tissue arrangement, in addition to the similarity of shape and topographic position of the organs. Thus, it was possible to conclude that the morphological and cytoarchitectural similarity is phylogenetically maintained according to a succession of functionally successful processes in the evolutionary history of the taxon. Furthermore, the minor morphological variations observed in Potamotrygon amandae may be related to habitat and diet specificity.
Oxidative stress in newborn kids and does submitted to different antenatal corticosteroid therapy
(2023-01-01) Maschio, Eva Liliane dos Santos Silva ; Narciso, Luis Gustavo ; Trevizan, Juliane Teramachi ; Bovino, Fernanda ; Vieira, Dielson da Silva ; Mendes, Luiz Cláudio Nogueira ; Peiró, Juliana Regina ; Alcindo, Jefferson Filgueira ; de Almeida, Breno Fernando Martins ; Feitosa, Francisco Leydson Formiga ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) ; Centro Universitário das Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos (Unifio) ; Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA) ; Yale University School of Medicine
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different corticosteroid protocols performed in pregnant does on oxidative stress markers of newborn kids born with 141 days of gestation and does. Reactive oxygen metabolites (D-ROMs) and biological antioxidant potential (BAP) were examine in response to the following four protocols: GI (does: n = 4; newborns kids: n = 7) with a single dose of 20 mg dexamethasone, 2 days prior to elective surgery (139 days of gestation); GII (does: n = 4; newborns kids: n = 6) 2 mg dexamethasone (133–136 days); 4 mg (137−139); and 20 mg at 140 days; GIII (does: n = 4; newborns kids: n = 7) with a dose of 16 mg of dexamethasone (139 days), with repeated doses at 12-h interval until elective surgery; and GIV (does: n = 4; newborns kids: n = 6) using doses of 4, 8, 16, and 20 mg dexamethasone (137, 138, 139, and 140 days). Samples were collected from does 15 min (DM15) after birth and from newborn kids 15 min (M15), 24 h (M24), and 48 h (M48) after birth. When verifying the effect of time in each group, newborn kids from GII, GIII, and GIV presented lower concentrations of D-ROMs at M15 when compared to M48. Newborn kids from GIII and GIV showed increased BAP values at M24 and M48 when compared to M15, respectively. Comparisons between treatments revealed that newborn kids from GI presented higher D-ROMs than those of GII at M15 and GIV at M48. GIV presented higher BAP values than GI, GII, and GII at M48. No significant differences among does were observed considering D-ROMs or BAP values. The protocol for the administration of corticosteroids in does influence the oxidative stress response in newborn kids.
Primary Tracheal Squamous Cells Carcinoma in a Dog
(2022-01-01) de Lima, Bruno Medolago ; de Assis, Juliana Viegas ; Pellissari, Maria Cecília Clarindo ; Manske, Luiza Raasch ; Roca, Tifany da Silva Sato ; de Alcântara, Brenda Mendonça ; Santos, Natália da Silva ; Peres, Marina Lombardi ; de Andrade, Alexandre Lima ; Machado, Gisele Fabrino ; Rozza, Daniela Bernadete ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade Brasil-Campus Fernandópolis ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; Autonomous veterinary
Primary tracheal neoplasms are uncommon and poorly documented in veterinary medicine, being most frequently reported in domestic cats. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignant neoplasm that originates from the stratified squamous epithelium, considered one of the most common skin neoplasms in dogs and cats. This paper aims to report the anatomopathological and immunohistochemical findings of a clinical case of primary SCC in the trachea of a female Schnauzer canine, attended at the Veterinary Hospital Luiz Quintiliano de Oliveira of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Araçatuba (FMVA – UNESP), presenting clinical signs such as choking, coughing and dyspnea for 1 month. The tracheal portion affected by the neoplasm was sent to the Veterinary Pathology department of the FMVA after surgical excision. Fragments of the neoplasm were collected and fixed in 10% formaldehyde for further histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. Microscopically, the neoplasm was well differentiated, being characterized by the presence of keratin pearls, low degree of pleomorphism and rare mitotic figures. In the immunohistochemical analysis, there was immunoexpression of anti-cytokeratin antibodies AE1AE3, 34BE12, CK14 and CK5/6, confirming the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma. In about 30% of the cells there was immunostaining for Ki67 antibodies, justifying the low mitotic index of tumor cells and the few images of mitosis seen. Due to the rare occurrence of primary tracheal SCC in dogs, the use of diversified diagnostic techniques is important in order to better understand the biological behavior of this neoplasm in unusual anatomical locations.
Type C botulism outbreak in free-ranging waterfowl in Goiás
(2022-01-01) Martins, Andressa S. ; Silva, Tamires A. ; Rosa, Isabella C.C.R. ; Oliveira, Alexia G.F. ; Oliveira, Márcio P. ; Saraiva, Júlia R. ; Dutra, Iveraldo S. ; Borsanelli, Ana Carolina ; Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) ; Unidade de Vigilância Sanitária de Quirinópolis ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Botulism is generally a fatal disease caused by ingestion of neurotoxins produced by Clostridium botulinum. The present study describes the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory aspects of a type C botulism outbreak in free-living aquatic birds residing in an urban park in Quirinópolis, Goiás, Brazil. Among a population of approximately 80 waterfowl, a total of 30 birds, including ducks (Cairina moschata), teals (Anas platyrhynchos), and geese (Anser cygnoides), died within 10 days. Of these, six birds showed signs of flaccid paralysis of the pelvic limbs, eyelids, neck, and wings. To confirm the suspicion of botulism, four lake water samples, two samples of the feed consumed by the birds, and samples of serum, intestinal content, stomach content, and liver tissue from two teals that died after presenting clinical signs were analyzed. Using bioassay and neutralization with homologous antitoxin in mice, it was possible to detect the presence of botulinum toxin type C in a water sample and in the intestinal content of one of the necropsied teals. Additionally, the presence of C. botulinum type C was identified in the lake water using polymerase chain reaction. Based on the clinical signs and laboratory results, a diagnosis of botulism caused by botulinum toxin type C was confirmed with probable transmission by lake water.

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