São José do Rio Preto - IBILCE - Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://hdl.handle.net/11449/253843

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Application of Rare Earth Cation-Exchanged Nanozeolite as a Support for the Immobilization of Fungal Lipase and their Use in Biodiesel Production
(2021-01-01) de Paula Guarnieri, Guilherme ; de Vasconcellos, Adriano ; de Moraes, Fábio Rogério ; Nery, José Geraldo ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
For the last 50 years, zeolite ions exchanged with lanthanum (La3+) and cerium (Ce3+) rare earth cations have mostly been used as fluid catalytic cracking catalysts (FCCs) in the petrochemical industries for the production of fuels. However, environmental concerns and restrictive legislation have led researchers to develop clean technologies for energy production of biofuels such as biodiesel from renewable sources. In this context, a new class of biocatalysts composed of nanozeolite ions exchanged with rare earth cations (La3+, Ce3+, Gd3+, Dy3+) and fungal lipases such as Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (TLL) and Rhizomucor miehei lipase (RML) has been applied as heterogeneous catalysts for the transesterification of non-edible microalgae oils to fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs). Experimental results indicate that TLL immobilized on rare earth nanozeolitic supports showed more activity in comparison with RML. Considering these facts, this chapter looks at such parameters as amount of immobilized enzyme, enzymatic activity, and FAEE yield, along with bioinformatics approaches and the different behaviors of both nanozeolite–enzymes complexes (TLL and RML).
Syagrus romanzoffiana
(2021-02-08) Jorge, Neuza ; da Silva, Ana Carolina ; Veronezi, Carolina Médici ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro
Palm trees belong to the family Arecaceae and are often considered an ecologically relevant species, since they present low fructification synchrony and represent, in times of food scarcity, an important source of resources for the fauna. This family is formed by several genera and species, including Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman., which is a palm tree found in several countries, but endemic in South America. In Brazil, it is spread from North to South, through almost all vegetable formations, including the Cerrado. Although it is a fruit tree with great agricultural potential, its use in food is more restricted to consumption of the fruits in natura. The Syagrus romanzoffiana fruit has a very fibrous and orange colored pulp, due to the presence of carotenoids. It can be used to treat diseases of the digestive and renal systems. The kernel is rich in oil predominantly composed of saturated fatty acids and, consequently, of high oxidative stability. Thus, the purpose of this chapter is to collect information available on Syagrus romanzoffiana, covering various aspects of the plant, mainly the fruit pulp and kernel and their possible nutritional, biological, and pharmacological applications, in order to disseminate the importance of this species.
Sternal exocrine glands in Neotropical Social Wasps
(2020-11-07) da Silva, Marjorie ; Noll, Fernando Barbosa ; Billen, Johan ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; KU Leuven-Bélgica
A great diversity of exocrine glands is found in social insects. The main social function of exocrine glands is the production of pheromones, which are related to the maintenance of social organization of the colony, as interactions of dominance, maintenance of queen status, recruitment for food, search for nesting sites, defense, and reproductive behaviors, among other aspects. The exocrine glands can be classified into two types (class 1 and class 3) according to their structural arrangement. Some of them are common to all social insects, occurring in males and females (e.g., mandibular and salivary glands). Others are characteristic of a taxon, as the van der Vecht and Richards glands, found only in vespids of the Vespidae family. An overview about the structure, location, and, whenever possible, function of the exocrine glands of Neotropical social wasps is presented here. Future studies considering large and more detailed morphological analyses, together with information on the chemical aspects of the produced secretions, are desirable for a broader understanding of the function of the pheromones produced by the exocrine glands in the social wasps.
Castes and polymorphisms in Neotropical Social Wasps
(2020-11-07) da Silva, Marjorie ; Mateus, Sidnei ; Noll, Fernando Barbosa ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
Neotropical social wasps have a set of chimeric characteristics that make them unique and difficult to fit into current theories on the evolution of social behavior (Noll and Wenzel, Biol J Linn Soc 93: 509-22, 2008). Among them, the presence of more than one functional queen (polygyny), absence of strong morphological differentiation, and flexibility between casts result in relaxation of ovarian control and breeding opportunity for workers (West-Eberhard, Science 200: 441-3, 1978; Noll, Sociobiology 60: 347-54, 2013). Adding to these particularities, the Polistinae wasps, especially those belonging to the Epiponini, reached a great radiation and evolutionary success in the Neotropical region due to the unique mode of social organization: colony foundation by a swarm (Jeanne, The swarm-founding Polistinae. In: Ross KG, Matthews RW (eds) The social biology of wasps. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, pp 191-231, 1991), where several or many reproductive females (queens) tolerate each other laying eggs. This chapter deals in general with aspects of the complex caste delimitation, the division of labor in the colony, the recruitment and foraging, and the lack of colony in social wasps, with emphasis on swarm founders.
Flavor Biochemistry of Fermented Alcoholic Beverages
(2021-01-01) de Castilhos, Maurício B. M. ; de Queiroga, Ana P. G. ; Sabino, Lia L. ; dos Santos Júnior, Jorge R. ; Santiago-Urbina, Jorge A. ; Nolasco-Cancino, Hipócrates ; Ruíz-Terán, Francisco ; Del Bianchi, Vanildo L. ; Minas Gerais State University ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Division of Career Management of Sustainable and Protected Agriculture ; Chemistry Science Faculty ; Consejo Regulador del Mezcal ; Faculty of Chemistry
The flavor is one of the sensory attributes that panelists assess and its complexity brings several discussions regarding the definition of its concept. Some authors describe the flavor as a sum of perceptions resulting from the stimulation of the senses by the food/beverage in the digestive and respiratory tracts; other authors define flavor as a combination of taste and mouthfeel. There is a tendency to consider the relevance of the relationship between the flavor and the chemical food/beverage matrix. Acids, alcohols, volatile compounds, and other chemical substances are responsible for distinctive sensations in the mouth promoting different tastes and mouthfeel. In addition, the synthesis path of the chemical substances that respond to flavor compounds is based on relevant biochemical phenomena. In this context, alcoholic fermentation is considered one of the most essential biochemical reactions providing the formation of a set of volatile compounds responsible for influencing the flavor. Wine and mezcal are examples of alcoholic beverages that present several chemical compounds responsible for their complex flavor due to the several biochemical reactions that occur during their production. Esters, higher alcohols, carbonyl compounds, and oak flavors such as lactones, furanic compounds, and methoxyphenols are responsible for providing the complex flavor that differentiates the wines. Other factors such as the intrinsic features of the grape cultivar and the grape vintage also influence the wine flavor. The most relevant biochemical pathway that produces the chemical compounds that respond to wine flavor is the synthesis of different enzymes produced by the different yeasts responsible for alcoholic fermentation. Also, mezcal is produced by different species of maguey and its cooking is the first step that generates caramel and smoky notes related to furans, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, phenols, and terpenes. The chemical composition of the mezcal depends on the maguey species, age, the chemical composition of the maguey, and the practice of each producer. The use of autochthonous yeasts during alcoholic fermentation and the conditions used for the biochemical reaction respond to the mezcal flavor differences. In summary, biochemical reactions have substantial importance for the flavor complexity of wine and mezcal since the different flavor nuances are explained by the different chemical composition of the grape and maguey, respectively, the conditions used during the process, and the yeasts involved in the alcoholic fermentation. The study of biochemical pathways will be helpful for wineries and mezcal producers to elucidate the mechanism of the reactions involving the synthesis of specific chemical compounds and their respective flavor notes, producing a safe beverage with quality and high acceptance.
How food structure influences the physical, sensorial, and nutritional quality of food products
(2022-01-01) Rojas, Meliza Lindsay ; Kubo, Mirian T.K. ; Caetano-Silva, Maria Elisa ; Carvalho, Gisandro Reis ; Augusto, Pedro E.D. ; Universidad Privada del Norte (UPN) ; Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB)
Many important food properties and functionalities are a consequence of its structure. Processing modifies food structure, affecting its properties and quality. Therefore, understanding the interrelationship between processing, structure and properties is important to design processes and products that meet the industry and consumer needs. This chapter discusses how structural modifications are obtained from molecular to macroscopic levels in different food products, of animal and plant origin, processed by conventional and emerging technologies, that follow bottom-up or top-down structuration approaches. In addition, the positive or negative impact of the structural modifications on physical properties and sensory aspects are discussed. Finally, the effect of structural modifications on nutritional quality and health aspects is detailed.
Antioxidant and pharmacological activity of Cucumis melo var. cantaloupe
(2022-01-01) Jorge, Neuza ; Silva, Ana Carolinada ; Veronezi, Carolina M. ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro
Cucumis melo L. is a worldwide appreciated fruit that offers multiple benefits to human health. However, besides the pulp, its by-products, such as peels and seeds, may also be used in the production of extracts and flours, and in the extraction of oils, since they contain phytochemicals of high nutritional and functional capacity. This chapter highlights the importance of using the by-products derived from C. melo L., especially from cantaloupe, as they present analgesic, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, diuretic, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory activities due to the presence of bioactive compounds. Also, their use may help minimize the environmental impact.
State diagram for freeze-dried plum and glass transitions of plum skin and pulp
(2006-01-13) Telis, Vânia Regina Nicoletti ; Sobral, Paulo José do Amaral ; Telis-Romero, Javier ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
Competency-based teacher education and sociocultural theory: Exploring connections
(2021-01-01) Salomão, Ana Cristina Biondo ; Bedran, Patrícia Fabiana ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
This chapter aims to present an overview of language teacher education, discussing concepts such as teacher training and teacher development, and implications of how contemporary perspectives on different practice situations are driving forces toward the reconceptualization of the knowledge base of teacher education. Learning to teach today is understood as a long and complex process of development resulting from participation in social practices and contexts associated with teaching and learning. Therefore, we intend to discuss how a sociocultural perspective meets an interpretative view of reality and provides elements for the (re)construction and transformation of teaching practices. This places knowledge as intimately and dynamically linked to experience and highlights the role of human agency in professional development. We then relate this to competency-based language education.
Dysbiosis and probiotic applications in autoimmune diseases
(2022-01-01) Salis, Larissa Vedovato Vilela de ; Martins, Luísa Sales ; Rodrigues, Guilherme Siqueira Pardo ; Oliveira, Gislane Lelis Vilela de ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Several evidence in animal models and humans pointed to the involvement of oral and intestinal dysbiosis in the development of autoimmune diseases. Dysbiosis is associated with decreased bacterial function and diversity, as well as decreased beneficial microbes, increased pathobionts, impaired barrier function, bacterial translocation, systemic inflammation, and decreased immune regulatory mechanisms in the gut mucosa. The mechanisms proposed to link dysbiosis with autoimmune diseases include molecular mimicry, bystander T-cell activation, T helper cell skewing, epitope spreading, dual T-cell receptors, posttranslational modification of luminal proteins by dysbiotic microbiota, and amplification by inflammatory cytokines. Studies suggest that probiotics influence systemic immune responses, ensure the homeostasis of the healthy microbiota in the intestinal mucosa, and therefore, could be used as adjuvant therapy to treat immune-mediated diseases. The mechanisms to achieve these effects include mucus secretion, antimicrobial peptide production, cross-feeding other resident microbes, production of organic acids and enzymes, gastrointestinal epithelial barrier maintenance, decreasing oxidative stress, competition with pathogens, and finally, modulation of the host immunity. Here, we described several reports concerning dysbiosis and probiotic applications in animal models of autoimmune diseases, human studies, and clinical trials concerning the applicability of probiotics in autoimmune diabetes, autoimmune thyroid diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Sjögren syndrome.
Oxidative stress and sickle cell disease
(2017-01-01) Da Silva, Danilo Grünig Humberto ; Junior, Edis Belini ; Bonini-Domingos, Claudia Regina ; De Almeida, Eduardo Alves ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Sickle cell disease (SCD) embraces a group of genetic hemolytic disorders associated with high morbidity and mortality. SCD is characterized by a complex pathophysiology initiated by hemoglobin S (HbS) polymerization that triggers a cascade of pathological events, including vaso-occlusion episodes, hemolysis, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, hypercoagulability, reperfusion injury, and hypoxemia, leading to devastating clinical manifestations. Although SCD is one of the first disorders to be clearly defined at the molecular level, the genetic understanding of the basis for the disease expression variability is still not fully explained. In this intriguing scenario, oxidative stress plays a major role because it acts as both causing and being caused by SCD complications.
Foreign language writing assessment and brazilian educational policies
(2018-01-01) de Oliveira, Luciana C. ; Aranha, Solange ; Zolin-Vesz, Fernando ; University of Miami ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT)
Little is known about foreign language assessment in Brazil, and much less about foreign language writing assessment. This chapter addresses to what extent foreign language writing assessment has been included in Brazilian educational policy in Years 1-3 of high school. The authors examine and discuss an official document that guides the teaching and learning of foreign languages in Brazil, especially English and Spanish, and the guidelines to select school textbooks. The authors propose a framework for the inclusion of foreign language writing assessment for the Brazilian educational context and discuss principles of foreign language writing assessment that should guide assessment and instruction in high school classrooms.
Fermented foods and human health benefits of fermented functional foods
(2013-01-01) De Dea Lindner, Juliano ; Penna, Ana Lúcia Barretto ; Demiate, Ivo Mottin ; Yamaguishi, Caroline Tiemi ; Prado, Maria Rosa Machado ; Parada, José Luis ; Research and Development Department Incorpore Foods ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG) ; Federal University of Parana ; Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) ; Universidade Positivo
The majority of plant and animal material that is used as a primary food source is also a good substrate for microbial growth and may be subject to different fermentative processes.
Tadpoles of Central Amazonia: Current knowledge and perspectives
(2015-07-01) Menin, Marcelo ; Rossa-Feres, Denise de C. ; Rodrigues, Domingos J. ; Almeida, Alexandre P. ; Pegorini, Reysi J. ; Telles, David O.C. ; Universidade Federal do Amazonas ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso ; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico -INCT-CENBAM/MCT/CNPq
The Neotropical region harbors the richest fauna of anuran species in the world, and Brazil is the richest country. Taxonomical and biological studies focusing on tadpoles in Brazil began around the 1920s, but in Central Amazonia these studies only started at the end of the 1980s. Despite this, the larval stage of anurans is still poorly studied. Consequently, important knowledge gaps in the areas of taxonomy, physiology, morphology and ecology are readily detected. Therefore, studies on morphological traits of tadpoles are still needed to understand the tadpole diversity in the Amazonian Forest, and so provide important information to guide efforts for conservation strategies, as the presence of larvae indicates reproductive success of anuran species. Moreover, tadpole assemblages are important models to understand the effects of environmental factors determining species distribution and to elaborate conceptual models on the factors determining the structure of aquatic communities. This chapter focuses on the current knowledge of tadpoles in Central Amazonia, and includes information about species composition, ecology and natural history. There are three sets of studies about tadpoles being carried out in Central Amazonia: i) taxonomical studies, ii) studies addressing assemblage structure and its relationship with abiotic and biotic factors, and iii) ecotoxicological studies. The external morphology, coloration and their natural history were described for tadpoles of 24 anuran species, using material collected mainly in the region of Manaus, but the description of the oral internal morphology has been made for only six species. Current knowledge indicates a better resolution of the taxonomy of some species based on the description of tadpole external morphology. The first studies on tadpole assemblage showed a strong effect of biotic and abiotic factors on the assemblage structure, and predation seemed to be the most important factor. However, recent studies developed on a greater spatial scale found a weak effect of predation, but a pronounced effect of habitat availability, physical and chemical characteristics of the water, and space. Ecotoxicological studies are more recent and approached the effects of contamination on eggs and tadpoles of only one species. Conversely, long-term studies at different scales and using different approaches, such as functional diversity, are necessary to understand the processes that operate determining species distribution
Determination of concentration- dependent effective moisture diffusivity of plums based on shrinkage kinetics
(2016-04-19) Gabas, A. L. ; Menegalli, F. C. ; Telis-Romero, J. ; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Second Language Writing Teacher Education in Brazil
(2019-01-01) Aranha, Solange ; De Oliveira, Luciana C. ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; University of Miami
An Extension of the Coherent Pair of Measures of the Second Kind on the Unit Circle
(2021-01-01) Garza, Lino G. ; Marcellán, F. ; Ranga, A. Sri ; Universidad de Monterrey ; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
This paper deals with sequences of monic polynomials { Φn(μk;z)}n≥0, k = 0, 1, orthogonal with respect to two nontrivial Borel measures μk, k = 0, 1, supported on the unit circle, satisfying (formula presented) n ≥ 3, where bn ≠ 0. We find examples of pairs of measures (μ0, μ1) for which this property holds. The analysis of polynomials orthogonal with respect to the Sobolev inner product associated with the pair of measures (μ0, μ1) is presented. Some properties concerning their connection coefficients are given.
Rheological behavior of biopolymer suspensions
(2012-01-01) Marfil, Paulo Henrique Mariano ; Telis-Romero, Javier ; Telis, Vânia Regina Nicoletti ; Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM) ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Fluid foods are often composite materials of fluid and solid constituents and their rheological behavior originates from the combination of the individual components’ rheological response, in addition to effects resulting from interactions between these constituents. The spatial distribution and orientation of suspended particles, as well as the morphology of composed systems are strongly dependent on the rheological properties of the components. On the other hand, rheological properties are also affected by these factors, in an interdependent manner. Analysis of food materials’ rheology focuses on the interaction between its constituents, which might exhibit complex rheological responses, and the influence of processing on the food structure and its properties. Knowledge of rheological properties help elucidating the phenomena observed and structural changes occurring along processing operations. These data are also required to define constitutive equations needed for designing equipments and processes. Rheological analysis may be an important tool to establish relationships between structure, formulation, processing, and design (Carreau et al. 1999; Fischer et al. 2009). The relevance of evaluating rheological properties of food biopolymer suspensions may also be attributed to the possibility of using them as a tool for improving quality control in the food industry and the possibility of correlating sensorial analysis with more objective and reproducible rheological tests (Fischer and Windhab 2011).
An introduction to biopolymer applications in food engineering
(2012-01-01) Telis, Vânia Regina Nicoletti ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The class of biopolymers encompasses all the polymeric compounds produced by living organisms and are mainly represented by polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids. Polysaccharides and proteins have traditionally played a major role in the food industry, presenting an extensive range of accomplished applications. Biopolymer nonfood applications are also widespread and in constant development, chiefly in medicine— where tissue engineering strategies are focused on the development of improved supportive scaffolds and new drug delivery systems—as well as in nanotechnology.
The influence of aquatic humic substances from an area of sugarcane and orange on the dynamics of chromium ions in the environment
(2012-08-01) Tadini, A. M. ; Moreira, A. B. ; Bisinoti, M. C. ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The northwest region of São Paulo State is a typical agricultural region with crops of sugarcane and oranges predominating, being chromium ions of environmental interest. Studies of the role of aquatic humic substances (AHS) in the transport of chromium ions in aquatic bodies are practically nonexistent. In this context, this work aimed to assess the influence of AHS from an area of sugarcane and orange on the dynamics of chromium ions (Cr+3 and Cr+6) in the environment. AHS were extracted in accordance with the method suggested by the International Humic Substances Society, followed by fractionation into different molecular sizes (<10, 10-30, 30-50, 50-100 and >100 kDa). AHS were characterized by UV/Vis, molecular fluorescence and IR. Complexation capacity (CC) of AHS with ions Cr+3 and Cr+6 was performed employing the system of tangential-flow ultrafiltration with membranes of 1.0 kDa. AHS showed a higher degree of aromaticity and predominance of the humic acids. We can conclude that the fraction F1 (<10 kDa) and F2 (10-30 kDa) showed the higher CC with Cr+3 ion (2.15 mmol Cr+3 g-1 carbon) and Cr+6 ion (4.61 mmol Cr+6 g-1 carbon), respectively.

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