Araraquara - FCF - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas

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https://hdl.handle.net/11449/253794

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Functionalization of Nanosystems in Cancer Treatment
(2022-01-01) Luiz, Marcela Tavares ; Dutra, Jessyca Aparecida Paes ; De Araújo, Jennifer Thayanne Cavalcante ; Di Filippo, Leonardo Delello ; Duarte, Jonatas Lobato ; Chorilli, Marlus ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Cancer is the major public health problem worldwide, with high rates of incidence and lethality. The leak of specificity of the treatments currently available results in several side effects and reduced efficacy. Thus, nanosystems have demonstrated great potential for the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to tumors due to their ability to passively accumulate in the tumor through enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, to carry of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, and to protect the drugs against degradation. In recent decades, advances in nanosystems design have expanded their therapeutic potential due to the inclusion of targeting ligands that can be specifically recognized by receptors overexpressed on tumor cells. Among these targeting ligands, antibodies, antibodies’ fragments, peptides, and small molecules have been widely incorporated in nanosystems for promoting the active targeting to the tumors. The modification of nanosystems with these ligands can be performed before or after nanosystems’ production through non-covalent or covalent functionalization, which can result in different biological activities. In this context, the present chapter aims to present some aspects of the synthesis employed to functionalize nanosystems. In addition, we address the main targeting ligands used for promoting the active targeting of nanosystems to different cancer cells, discussing the in vitro and in vivo results obtained for each functionalization.
Impact of probiotic and prebiotic on gut microbiota in pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes
(2022-03-08) Ramos, Fernanda Maria Manzini ; Salgaço, Mateus Kawata ; Cesar, Thais ; Sivieri, Katia ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The increased worldwide prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes, requiring different strategies for their prevention and management. A new focus is the reversal of diabetes dysbiosis, a disruption of gut microbiota homeostasis, which is closely related to elevated blood glucose levels and altered metabolic parameters. In this sense, a balanced diet plays a key role, and, particularly, probiotic and prebiotic have shown a promising role. This chapter explored current knowledge on the potential of probiotic and prebiotic to modulate glucose homeostasis. We showed that the consumption of probiotics and prebiotics is a promising strategy with a beneficial impact on gut microbiota and glycemic control. Furthermore, specific probiotic strains, such as L. acidophilus, L. casei strain Shirota, and B. lactis Bb12, have demonstrated the ability to improve parameters related to pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes. In addition, polyphenols are emerging as a new alternative in glycemic control through the production of short chain fat acids (SCFA) and decreased lipopolysaccharides (LPS) translocation that leads to metabolic endotoxemia. Finally, the ingestion of beneficial bacteria, and foods rich in fiber and polyphenols, or a combination of them, is a good strategy for the control of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes, but more studies are still needed, mainly clinical trials, for these strategies are improved and widely used.
Metabolic Profile of Innate Immune Cells
(2021-01-01) Codo, Ana Campos ; de Aquino Penteado, Letícia ; de Medeiros, Alexandra Ivo ; de Moraes-Vieira, Pedro Manoel Mendes ; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Macrophages are immune cells broadly distributed in all tissues of the body and perform key roles in regulating inflammatory responses and tissue homeostasis. There is a large spectrum of macrophages subtypes, which still evolving.
Nanotechnology for cosmetics applications—a journey in innovation
(2022-01-01) Longo, João Paulo Figueiró ; Camargo, Nichollas Serafim ; Ferreira, Guilherme Alves ; Cardador, Camila Magalhães ; Corrêa, Marcos Antônio ; University of Brasília ; Nanoceuticals Innovation Hub ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The cosmetic sector was one of the first industries that adopted nanotechnology in their products. During the 1980s, some European brands incorporated liposome nanocarriers in cosmetic products. Today, thousands of companies develop and use different nanotechnologies in the cosmetic sector. Moreover, due to this historical development, a number of applications for nanoparticles have been proposed at different stages of product development. In this chapter, we will present nanocosmetic activities as an innovative strategy to improve different areas of cosmetology, from the development of new ingredients to their applications in skin or hair-care products. The main benefits include active dispersion, protection of chemical instabilities, controlled release of active ingredients, and improved product effectiveness. The objective here is to present how nanotechnology affects cosmetic development in the technological journey from the conception of the product, moving through industrial production, and finally providing benefits for end users.
Polymicrobial biofilms: Impact on fungal pathogenesis
(2022-01-01) Costa-Orlandi, Caroline Barcelos ; Bila, Níura Madalena ; Vaso, Carolina Orlando ; da Silva Pires, Ana Carolina Moreira ; de Matos Silva, Samanta ; Medina Alarcón, Kaila Petronila ; Marcos, Caroline Maria ; Fusco-Almeida, Ana Marisa ; Mendes-Giannini, Maria José Soares ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The formation of sessile communities called biofilms is a significant factor in the chronicity of infections caused by different microorganisms, fungi, bacteria, viruses, or protozoa. This phenomenon is considered the major cause of persistent nosocomial infections, of high virulence and recalcitrant to treatments, especially in immunocompromised patients who use devices such as catheters, contact lenses, prostheses, heart valves, dentures, among others. The biofilm phenotype promotes several advantages to microorganisms caused by physical and genetic factors and protects against the host’s immune system through impaired activation of phagocytes and the complement system. In addition, for its eradication, it is necessary to increase the concentration of antibiotics from 100 to 1000 times compared with planktonic cells. It is known that persistent chronic infections in different parts of the human body such as lungs, oral cavity, middle ear, genitourinary tract, nails, surgical or chronic wounds originate from polymicrobial biofilms, which commonly lead to worse prognoses. Interactions between microorganisms are dependent on the environment in which they are found and are highly complex. They can compete antagonistically for nutrients and adhesion sites, but they can coexist in cooperative ways, supporting their mutual development neutrally or synergistically. This chapter will address aspects related to polymicrobial biofilms to unravel the exchange of functions in different interspecies or even in interkingdom conjunctions and their role in pathogenesis.
Paracoccidioidomycosis: An Update from the Environment to Clinics
(2022-01-01) de Oliveira, Haroldo Cesar ; de Paula e Silva, Ana Carolina Alves ; Marcos, Caroline Maria ; de Fátima da Silva, Julhiany ; Scorzoni, Liliana ; Assato, Patricia Akemi ; Rossi, Suélen Andreia ; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz-PR) ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Guarulhos University (UNG) ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
Paracoccidioidomycosis is an endemic mycosis of great importance in Latin America caused by dimorphic fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides. Recent advances in the study of this mycosis reveal the Paracoccidioides genus as fungi that are difficult to treat and diagnose, with a great capacity to adapt and evade the environment of host cells, causing an invasive disease that is neglected in areas where it is endemic. This chapter aims to provide an overview of the fungi of this genus and the disease, bringing historical aspects and also the most recent advances in the study of this important mycosis, which has a great impact on public health in many countries in Latin America. This chapter will address issues such as the diversity of species of the Paracoccidioides genus, the thermal dimorphism, that allows the fungus to survive in the environment and the host, and its impact on the infectious process, virulence factors, and their relationship with the evasion capacity of the host immune system, as well as aspects associated with the disease such as clinical forms, pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment.
General characteristics, main virulence markers and new approaches in the control of helicobacter pylori
(2020-06-26) Camargo, Bruna Almeida Furquim de ; Spósito, Larissa ; Souza, Maurício Palmeira Chaves De ; Ramos, Matheus Aparecido dos Santos ; Fortunato, Giovanna Capaldi ; Chorilli, Marlus ; Bauab, Taís Maria ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Helicobacter pylori is classified as a Gram-negative, spiral and microaerophilic bacterium and considered one of the most common causes of gastric infections worldwide. It was isolated from gastric biopsy specimens from patients with chronic gastritis and peptic ulcers in 1983. Thereafter, H. pylori has been associated with other severe gastrointestinal tract diseases, such as chronic gastritis, mucosal lymphoma associated with gastric marginal zone, and gastric carcinoma. Besides, this bacterium is associated with extra-gastric diseases such as esophageal and colon diseases, biliary and liver diseases, neurological disorders, autoimmune and rheumatological disorders among others. H. pylori infections are estimated to affect around 50% of the world's population and, frequently has been linked to all the gastric cancer cases reported worldwide, thus constituting a public health problem.
Foods and supplements as probiotic delivery vehicles
(2022-01-01) Pimentel, Tatiana Colombo ; da Costa, Whyara Karoline Almeida ; Tammy Priscilla Chioda, Delfino ; Sônia Mariza Luiz, de Oliveira ; Katia, Sivieri ; Marciane, Magnani ; Federal Institute of Paraná ; Federal University of Paraíba ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Anhanguera University
This chapter aimed to discuss the effect of probiotics (foods and supplements) on human health. Lactiplantibacillus, Limosilactobacillus, Lacticaseibacillus, Ligilactobacillus, and Bifidobacteria are the most common probiotic strains used. Probiotic foods comprised mainly yogurt, fermented milk, and kefir. The advantages of probiotic foods are the lower cost, positive consumer attitude, possible synergistic effects between the ingredients and probiotics, and the high variation potential. Probiotic foods consumption may improve the constipation symptoms, bone health markers, lipid profile, body mass, blood pressure, and postprandial glycemia. On the other hand, supplements can transfer high numbers of viable probiotics into the gastrointestinal tract without considerable loss during processing and storage and have lower difficulties from regulatory administration and legislation standpoint. Probiotic supplements may relieve intestinal disease symptoms, improve depression scores and oral health, and alleviate atopic dermatitis and urogenital disease. Overall, probiotic foods may be recommended for general use and supplements for specific therapeutic applications.
Use of the CRISPR/Cas9 System for Genome Editing of Immune System Cells, Defense Against HIV-1 and Cancer Therapies
(2018-01-01) Assis, Amanda Freire ; Hernandez, Cesar Speck ; Cotrim-Sousa, Larissa ; Felicio, Rafaela Martins ; Oliveira, Ernna Hérida ; Teixeira, Lorena Alves ; Valente, Valeria ; Silva, Wilson Araújo ; Passos, Geraldo A. ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
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Taurine and Exercise: Synergistic Effects on Adipose Tissue Metabolism and Inflammatory Process in Obesity
(2022-01-01) De Carvalho, Flavia Giolo ; Batitucci, Gabriela ; Abud, Gabriela Ferreira ; de Freitas, Ellen Cristini ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Taurine has been investigated as a possible strategy for the treatment of obesity. The benefits of taurine supplementation and the importance of adipose tissue to the whole-body energy metabolism are undeniable; however, the impact of the association of taurine and exercise on adipose tissue dynamics remains unclear, especially in the context of obesity. The present investigation sought to explore the effects of taurine supplementation associated with physical exercise as an excellent strategy for treating and preventing obesity. We highlighted the main studies that support the effects of taurine associated with exercise on the modulation of energy and lipid metabolism and also its impacts on the adipose tissue metabolism and morphology in obese individuals and obese animal models, suggesting taurine as a promising strategy to combat obesity. However, more investigations are necessary to elucidate the safe and effective dose, the mechanisms, and the potential effects of taurine supplementation associated with exercise in the adipose tissue as a therapeutic strategy for preventing and treating obesity.
The antioxidant property of luteolin and its correlation among antimicrobial, hemolytic, and antiproliferative activities
(2015-04-01) de Freitas Araújo, Marcelo Gonzaga ; Bauab, Tais Maria ; Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Luteolin is a flavonoid found in several fruits and vegetables in significant amounts and number of biological properties of this phenolic was described, including the antioxidant activity. Several biological activities protect against the harmful action of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and here we focused our attention on the relationship between the biological activities of luteolin and their antioxidant properties. In this study, the antioxidant, antimicrobial, hemolytic and cytotoxicity activities were evaluated. Significant antioxidant activity was demonstrated and luteolin was effective against all bacteria and Candida strains tested, and showed an ability to inhibit hyphal formation. Non-hemolytic and antiproliferative activity could be demonstrated. The flavonoid showed a significant antioxidant activity, and it seems be essential for antibacterial, antifungal, non-hemolytic and antiproliferative activities.
Natural Products with Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Tumor Cells
(2013-01-01) Bernardes de Andrade Carli, Camila ; Quilles, Marcela Bassi ; Carlos, Iracilda Zeppone ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Multidrug resistance is the main mechanism by which cancers develop resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Consequently, it is also an important factor in the failure of many forms of chemotherapy. This review describes the mechanisms of tumor resistance to drugs and the attempts to discover novel compounds that interact with multidrug-resistant tumor cells. The information presented here will facilitate retrospective of studies and the identification of new drug development candidates with the potential to treat cell populations with multidrug-resistance. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Ionic Liquids as “Green Solvents”: Are they Safe?
(2020-01-01) Veloso, Gabriela Brasil Romão ; Andrade, Rebecca S. ; Cicarelli, Regina Maria Barretto ; Iglesias, Miguel ; Chiari-Andréo, Bruna Galdorfini ; Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) ; Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade de Araraquara
Ionic liquids or molten salts are organic salts in a liquid state under normalized conditions, composed by organic cations and inorganic or organic anions. Although they represent a wide diversity of industrial applications, several physicochemical properties and sustainable profile and are usually referred to as “green solvents”, nevertheless, the issues regarding their toxicity to the environment and to humans are still scarce. Considering the importance of the ionic liquids in the industrial area as well as the lack of information about their potential toxicity, this chapter aimed to further investigate the toxicological aspects of ionic liquids, mainly their impacts on human health, based on scientific data recently reported. Literature analysis had shown few studies on ionic liquids targeting human toxicity and also that their toxic effect is directly dependent on the nature of the chemical structure, and in some cases may be more toxic than conventional solvents. However, due to the versatile cations and anions combinations of the ionic liquids, a number of biocomposites can be synthesized and even be used with safe in industries, such as biotechnology, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, textile. Here we reinforce the need to study the toxicological aspects of ILs, mainly in relation to its safety for humans.
Potential Benefits of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics on the Intestinal Microbiota of the Elderly
(2016-01-01) Bedani, Raquel ; Isay Saad, Susana Marta ; Sivieri, Katia ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Although the scientific evidence has shown that the aging process may affect the composition and metabolic activity of human intestinal microbiota and its interaction with the immune system, this relationship still requires a better understanding. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics have shown the potential to alleviate common gastrointestinal problems in elderly people by modulating microbial activity and immune status. In spite of the promising results, more intervention trials with probiotics and/or prebiotics are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of action involved and to undoubtedly demonstrate their effectiveness in aged people. The aim of this chapter is to focus on the gut microbial changes associated with aging and the potential benefits of pro-, pre-, and synbiotics to modulate the intestinal microbiota and to contribute for the maintenance of the health and well-being in the elderly.
Sugar cane spirits: Cachaça and rum production and sensory properties
(2011-11-01) Faria, J. B. ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The production of cachaça, a distilled spirit made directly from sugar cane juice and rum obtained by fermenting molasses, a by-product of the sugar industry, are comparatively presented. The main differences, from raw material to fermentation, distillation and aging process are pointed out, in order to explain the resulting composition and distinct sensory characteristics of these two beverages and to show the importance of the sensory quality control, during all the production process. © 2012 Woodhead Publishing Limited All rights reserved.
Nanoparticles for cosmetic use and its application
(2019-01-01) Chiari-Andréo, Bruna Galdorfini ; De Almeida-Cincotto, Maria Gabriela José ; Oshiro, João Augusto ; Taniguchi, Cibele Yumi Yamada ; Chiavacci, Leila Aparecida ; Isaac, Vera Lucia Borges ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) ; Araraquara University (UNIARA)
Nanoparticles have been cited as a tool to solve many pharmaceutical problems, also in the cosmetic field. Some advantages in using them are to vectorize or retard the release and action of a cosmetic active substance, to increase stability, effectiveness, and safety, etc. However, there are many kinds of nanoparticles that should be chosen accordingly to the need of application. Although there are advantages related to the use of nanoparticles, some difficulties could be cited, such as the scale up of the technology and safety assessment. Considering the above, this chapter aimed to show the main kinds of nanoparticles employed in the cosmetic area, highlighting the advantages obtained with their use. Also, it will discuss the scale-up and the safety assessment, mainly in relation to the pathway followed by the nanoparticle when applied on the skin.
Candida–Bacterial Biofilms and Host–Microbe Interactions in Oral Diseases
(2019-01-01) Negrini, Thais de Cássia ; Koo, Hyun ; Arthur, Rodrigo Alex ; University of Pennsylvania ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) ; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)
Oral cavity harbors a complex and highly diverse microbial community. Cross-kingdom interactions between Candida and oral bacteria are critical for their co-existence, which may also affect the course and the severity of biofilm-mediated bacterial-mediated diseases. C. albicans has been found in polymicrobial biofilms associated with denture stomatitis, oral mucositis, dental caries, periodontal diseases, peri-implantitis, and root canal infection. Thus, it is of utmost importance to unravel the mechanisms of Candida–bacterial interactions and their impact on the onset and severity of cross-kingdom biofilm-related diseases. Here, we highlight the potential role of Candida–bacterial biofilm interactions in the pathogenesis of oral diseases, especially mucosal infections and dental caries. The influence of Candida–bacterial biofilms on the mucosal host immune response is also discussed. Finally, we present some of the current and prospective therapeutic strategies for controlling these cross-kingdom interactions and their virulence properties associated with oral diseases.
Serodiagnosis
(2018-01-01) Mendes-Giannini, Maria José S. ; Del Negro, Gilda Bárbaro ; Siqueira, Antonio Martins de ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; School of Pharmacy and Dentistry
Serological methods are of considerable value in paracoccidioidomycosis. Counter-immunoelectrophoresis, otherwise known as electrosyneresis or immunoelectroosmophoresis, has been frequently applied for the immunodiagnosis of several mycotic disorders. The development of a standard serological test for paracoccidioidomycosis is therefore being intensively pursued and recently a study group has been set up for this purpose, under the auspices of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM) and with the involvement of various laboratories. When evaluating the serological response of paracoccidioidomycosis patients to antigens present in P. brasiliensis yeast cells filtrate, in the ELISA and the erythro-immunoassay, it was found that absorption of the sera with dead Candida albicans cells was a requirement. The immunofluorescence test has also been used in the serodiagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis as well as in the study of the antigenic relationship between pathogenic fungi. Improvement in the serodiagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis will come from the use of purified immunodominant fractions as antigens.
Fungal biofilms: Formation, resistance and pathogenicity
(2015-01-01) De Cássia Orlandi Sardi, Janaina ; De Souza Pitangui, Nayla ; Gullo, Fernanda Patrícia ; Fusco-Almeida, Ana Marisa ; Mendes-Giannini, Maria Jose Soares ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Biofilm formation has been detected quite early in the fossil record (~3.25 billion years ago) and is common throughout a diverse range of organisms in both the Archaea and bacteria lineages, including the ‘living fossils’ in the most deeply divided branches of the phylogenetic tree. The first report of microbial biofilms occurred in the 16th century, when Antonie van Leeuwenhoek noted the presence of “animalcules” on the plaque of his own teeth, but little was known about these microorganisms or how they came to be on his teeth. Bacterial aggregates had also been described by Pasteur in 1864 and by Henrici in 1933 in two independent observations, including one from rocks from an alpine stream (Geesy et al. 1977), which initiated the modern era of biofilms. The concept of biofilms appears with the observations of Jendresen’s dental biofilm and with a description of 77 masses of cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the sputum and lung tissue of patients with chronic cystic fibrosis Høiby (Høiby et al. 1977). The term biofilm was introduced into medicine in 1985 by Nickel (Nickel et al. 1985).
Cryptococcal titan cells: When yeast cells are all grown up
(2019-01-01) García-Rodas, Rocío ; de Oliveira, Hc ; Trevijano-Contador, Nuria ; Zaragoza, Oscar ; Instituto de Salud Carlos III ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) ; Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Cryptococcus neoformans is a human pathogenic yeast that causes hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide among susceptible individuals, in particular, HIV+ patients. This yeast has developed several adaptation mechanisms that allow replication within the host. During decades, this yeast has been well known for a very peculiar and unique structure that contributes to virulence, a complex polysaccharide capsule that surrounds the cell wall. In contrast to other fungal pathogens, such as Candida albicans or Aspergillus fumigatus, the role of morphological transitions has not been studied in the virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans since this yeast does not form hyphae during infection. However, in the last years, different groups have described the ability of this fungus to change its size during infection. In particular, Cryptococcus can form “titan cells,” which are blastoconidia of an abnormal large size. Since their discovery, there is increasing evidence that these cells contribute, not only to long-term persistence in the host, but they can also actively participate in the development of the disease. Recently, several groups have simultaneously described different media that induce the appearance of titan cells in laboratory conditions. Using these conditions, new inducing factors and signaling pathways involved in this transition have been described. In this article, we will review the main phenotypic features of these cells, factors, and transduction pathways that induce cell growth, and how titan cells contribute to the disease caused by this pathogen.

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