Botucatu - FMVZ - Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://hdl.handle.net/11449/253753
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ItemTese de doutorado Avaliação da capacidade de reintegração à natureza de Amazona aestiva (papagaio-verdadeiro) com histórico de longo tempo de cativeiro e alterações comportamentais(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2023-12-01) Lopes, Lais Freitas ; Nishida, Silvia MitikoO papagaio-verdadeiro Amazona aestiva quase ameaçado de extinção encontra-se sob intensa pressão da caça e do comércio ilegal e a grande quantidade de aves resgatadas ou apreendidas resulta na superlotação dos centros de triagem de animais silvestres. Longos períodos de cativeiro em recintos superlotados, condições inadequadas de manejo e transporte acarretam induzem estados de ansiedade e expressão de comportamentos alterados, e a diminuição do bem-estar. A captura de filhotes e a expressão de comportamentos alterados constituem um dos maiores desafios para a soltura e reintegração à natureza. O principal objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o sucesso da soltura e de reintegração à natureza de A. aestiva com longo período de cativeiro e histórico de alterações comportamentais, incluindo indivíduos portadores de comportamentos alterados, porém capacitados de realizar funções essenciais para a sua sobrevivência. Foram utilizados 11 papagaios adultos (três fêmeas e oito machos), previamente avaliados em ralação às condições físicas, bem como, sanitárias e soltas em uma Área de Soltura e Monitoramento de Fauna Silvestre. As aves foram transportadas do centro triagem e aclimatadas por 30 dias em viveiros ao lado da mata, recebendo frutos maduros de ocorrência na área. Utilizando-se a técnica de soltura-branda, no 4º dia, 100% estavam fora do recinto, após seis meses de monitoramento mensal, 72% foram encontrados distribuídos na propriedade saudáveis e se alimentando nos comedouros, demonstrando aptidão para vida livre. Apesar da longa vida em cativeiro e familiarizados com a espécie humana, esses 13 papagaios apresentaram flexibilidade comportamental ajustando-se ao ambiente mais desafiador em relação ao cativeiro, incluindo os que apresentavam comportamentos alterados.ItemAnais Ocorrência de clostridioides difficile em bezerros(Revista Brasileira de Buiatria, 2023-12-01) Cerri, Fabrício Moreira
; Basso, Roberta Martins ; Araújo Júnior, João Pessoa ; Pereira, Wanderson Adriano Biscola ; Oliveira Filho, José Paes de ; Borges, Alexandre Secorun ; Associação Brasileira de Buiatria (ABB) Clostridioides difficile é o agente causador da diarreia e da colite pseudomembranosa,especialmente em pacientes humanos internados e sob antibioticote rapia. O conjunto dessas infecções causadas por este patógeno denomina-se infecção por C. difficile (CDI). Em bezerros a diarreia neonatal é causada por inúmeros patógenos virais, bacterianos e parasitários. Todavia, à CDI em bezerros ainda é incerta e precisa ser melhor compreendida. Desta forma, este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a ocorrência de C. difficile em bezerros neonatos em propriedade rurais de subsistência com baixa tecnificação de Botucatu/SP. Os procedimentos realizados foram aprovados pela Comissão de Ética no Uso de Animais - CEUA (Protocolo 0215/2022- CEUA). Foram colhidas 25 amostras de fezes diretamente da ampola retal de bezerros de cinco propriedades (A, B, C, D e E). Os bezerros possuíam idade média de 18,9±9 dias e criados em sistema extensivo de produção de leite, permanecendo juntos às vacas durante a maior parte do dia,sendo apartados apenas 10h antes da ordenha. As amostras de fezes foram inoculadas em meio líquido de frutose não seletivo enriquecido com 0,1% de tauracolato de sódio por 8 dias a 37ºC, com posterior choque com etanol 100%. Em seguida foram plaqueadas em meio ágar C. difficile moxalactam norfloxacin (CDMN) enriquecido com 5% de sangue desfibrinado de equino e incubadas a 37º C em anaerobiose. As colônias sugestivas de C. difficile foram confirmadas pelo teste de L-Prolina e semeadas em ágar Columbia. Realizou-se a obtenção do DNA e a PCR multiplex para determinação do perfil toxigênico (tcdA,tcdB, cdtA e cdtB); e realização da PCR-ribotipagem para as cepas toxigênicas, além da avaliação do perfil de susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos e motilidade. Dos bezerros estudados, oito apresentavam diarreia no momento da colheita. Foi realizado o isolamento do C. difficile em 38,5% (10/25 dos bezerros, obtendo-se os seguintes resultados de ocorrência 1/5 (20%), 1/2 (50%), 2/3 (66%), 1/5 (20%) e 5/10 (50%) nas propriedades A,B,C, D e E, respectiva mente. Dentre os bezerros com diarreia, quatro foram positivos no cultivo em anaerobiose (4/8 -50%),sendo todas as cepas não produtoras de toxinas. Entre os 10 isolados, nove amostras foram não toxigênicas e uma foi toxigênica (A B CDT ), pertencendo ao ribotipo 106 (RT106), isolada de um bezerro com 30 dias de idade com histórico prévio de Tristeza Parasitária Bovina na propriedade, sem a realização de antibioticoterapai A. Esta cepa apresentou resistência à vancomicina e foi sensível a morfloxacina e com a presença de colônias heteroresistentes (vancomicina,metronidazol e rifampici na) e bastante móvel,quando comparada ao controle positivo (cepa R20291).O RT 106, é um dos mais comuns detectados em seres humanos e animais, foi descrito recentemente causando surtos hospitalares em unidades de terapia intensiva humana e no Brasil já foi descrito em cães,porém esta é a primei ra descrição em bezerros.A presença de colônias heteroresistentes com perfil multirresistente a antimicrobianos,principalmente ao metronidazol,pode estar associada a quadros mais graves da doença.A presença do C. difficile em bezerros de leite, pode favorecer a transmissão destas cepas a seres humanos e a animais mais jovens ou imunocomprometidos. O C. difficile pode ser encontrado em bezerros neonatos, e cepas toxigênicas circulam entre esta faixa etária.ItemTrabalho de conclusão de residência Hipoparatireoidismo em cão: relato de caso(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2024-03-26) Hussni, Maria Fernanda ; Melchert, Alessandra; Lourenço, Maria Lúcia Gomes ; Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia de Botucatu O hipoparatireoidismo, uma condição relativamente pouco documentada em cães e gatos, pode afetar diversas faixas etárias nessas espécies. Sua principal manifestação é a hipocalcemia, resultante da deficiência na síntese, secreção ou ação do paratormônio (PTH). Na maioria dos casos, trata-se de uma condição idiopática primária, embora também possa surgir em decorrência de traumas na região cervical, bem como após procedimentos como tireoidectomia e paratireoidectomia. Apesar de ocorrer predominância de apresentação na forma aguda, a hipocalcemia pode evoluir de maneira insidiosa e silenciosa ao longo de um período de tempo. Os sinais clínicos mais frequentemente observados envolvem distúrbios neurológicos e neuromusculares. O diagnóstico baseia-se na observação dos sinais clínicos e em exames laboratoriais. O tratamento, por sua vez, consiste na suplementação de cálcio e vitamina D. O prognóstico, geralmente, é favorável. Este trabalho teve como objetivo relatar um caso de hipoparatireoidismo em um cão, macho, Pastor Belga, dois anos, atendido no Hospital Veterinário da FMVZ- UNESP Botucatu, bem como revisar os sinais clínicos, métodos diagnósticos disponíveis, protocolos terapêuticos mais utilizados e prognóstico da doença.ItemArtigo Eletroneutralidade e gamblegram no equilíbrio ácido-base em grandes animais(Conselho Federal de Medicina Veterinária, 2022-02-15) Cerri, Fabrício Moreira; Oliveira, João Pedro Marmol de ; Bromberg, Cristiana Raach ; Lisbôa, Júlio Augusto Naylor ; Oliveira Filho, José Paes de ; Amorim, Rogério Martins ; Borges, Alexandre Secorun ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) As alterações do equilíbrio ácido-base são usualmente observadas por meio da hemogasometria, sendo esse exame fundamental para tratamento do paciente. O objetivo desta revisão é apresentar a importância da compreensão da teoria de eletroneutralidade e da sua representação gráfica (gamblegram), demonstrando sua aplicabilidade na rotina clínica. Para isso, dois casos clínicos em grandes animais são demonstrados. O primeiro caso é de um potro neonato com diarreia há seis dias, apresentando hiponatremia, hipocalemia e hipocloremia, com redução de SID3, determinando acidose metabólica por íons fortes com redução de HCO3-. O gamblegram nos primeiros dias de internamento apresentou a influência da hiponatremia e hipercloremia relativa sobre a concentração de HCO3-. Inicialmente, fez-se a reposição de HCO3-, Ca2 ++ e K+. O segundo caso é de um bovino adulto com refluxo abomasal, que apresentou hipocloremia, hipocalemia e normonatremia; as alterações em questão resultaram em alcalose metabólica iônica. O gamblegram foi eficaz na representação gráfica dessas alterações e da sua repercussão sobre o equilíbrio ácido-base de maneira sucinta. As alterações nas concentrações de eletrólitos merecem atenção e a reposição deve ser imediata e constante. O gamblegram é uma ferramenta útil para os clínicos, sendo capaz de representar alterações complexas de maneira prática.ItemArtigo Spatial Owner-Dog Seroprevalence of Leptospira spp. Antibodies in Oceanic Islands and Costal Mainland of Southern Brazil(2023-04-01) Freitas, Aaronson Ramathan ; Delai, Ruana Renostro ; Kmetiuk, Louise Bach ; Gaspar, Raquel Cuba; da Silva, Evelyn Cristine ; Martini, Rafaella ; Biondo, Leandro Meneguelli ; Giuffrida, Rogério ; de Barros Filho, Ivan Roque ; Santarém, Vamilton Alvares ; Langoni, Helio ; Pimpão, Cláudia Turra ; Biondo, Alexander Welker ; Federal University of Paraná State ; Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; National Institute of the Atlantic Forest (INMA) ; University of Western São Paulo Leptospirosis has been described as a disease neglected worldwide. Affecting humans and animals, the disease is often related to poor environmental conditions such as lack of sanitation and presence of synanthropic rodents. Despite being considered as a One Health issue, no study has focused on comparing owner–dog seroprevalence between islands and seashore mainland. Accordingly, the present study assessed anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies by applying microscopic agglutination test (MAT) methods to Leptospira and assessing associated risk factors via univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of owners and their dogs in islands and seashore mainland of southern Brazil. No anti-Leptospira spp. Seropositivity was found in 330 owner serum samples, while dogs presented an overall seroprevalence of 5.9%. All seropositive dogs reacted to serogroups of Leptospira interrogans, including 66.7% of Pyrogenes, 44.4% Canicola, 22.2% Icterohaemorrhagiae, 16.7% Australis; six reacted to more than one serogroup. No association was found among seropositivity and epidemiological variables, except that neighborhood dogs were less likely to be seropositive. Although no seropositivity was observed in owners, seropositivity in dogs had the potential to indicate such species as being sentinels for environmental exposure and potential human risk of infection.ItemArtigo Zinc methionine or zinc sulphate supplementation modulate the development of the hypopharyngeal gland and expression of major royal jelly protein genes in Apis mellifera L. bees(2023-01-01) do Prado Ribeiro, Giovanna; Kadri, Samir Moura ; Justulin, Luis Antônio ; Ribolla, Paulo Eduardo Martins ; Orsi, Ricardo de Oliveira ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) We analysed whether the source of zinc (inorganic and organic) influences the morphology of the hypopharyngeal gland (HPG) and the relative expression of major royal jelly protein (MRJP) genes in nursing bees at 6 days of age. For this, 15 colonies of Apis mellifera bees were subjected to the following treatments: Zn0 (control), zinc methionine (50 ppm) and zinc sulphate monohydrate (50 ppm) during the off-season (characterized by food reduction). MRJP1 and MRJP5 gene expression was analysed using real-time PCR and HPG sections under a microscope. Bee mortality and population development were also evaluated for 30 days. It was observed that the honeybees consumed all sugar syrup containing zinc both in its organic and inorganic forms, which did not promote mortality or affect population development. Regarding HPG morphometry, it was observed that zinc, regardless of the source, promoted the acini area significantly greater than that of the control. Zn methionine promoted a significant increase in HPG area compared with that of an inorganic source. The relative expression of MRJP1 and MRJP5 was not significantly affected compared with the control. We conclude that the mineral Zn promotes an increase in the HPG area and does not alter the pattern of expression of the MRJP1 and MRJP5 genes, and that the organic source of the mineral presents the best results.ItemArtigo Feedlot performance, rumen and cecum morphometrics of Nellore cattle fed increasing levels of diet starch containing a blend of essential oils and amylase or monensin(2023-01-01) Silva, Thaiano I. S.; Souza, Johnny M. ; Acedo, Tiago S. ; Carvalho, Victor V. ; Perdigão, Alexandre ; Silva, Leandro A. F. ; Silvestre, Antonio M. ; Niehues, Maria Betania ; Schleifer, Werner F. ; Casali, Daniel M. ; Martins, Cyntia L. ; Arrigoni, Mario D. B. ; Millen, Danilo D. ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; DSM Nutritional Products SA Feed additives used in finishing diets improve energy efficiency in ruminal fermentation, resulting in increased animal performance. However, there is no report evaluating the effect of BEO associated with exogenous α-amylase in response to increased starch content in feedlot diets. Our objective was to evaluate increasing levels of starch in the diet associated with a blend of essential oils plus amylase or sodium Monensin on performance, carcass characteristics, and ruminal and cecal morphometry of feedlot cattle. 210 Nellore bulls were used (initial body weight of 375 ± 13.25), where they were blocked and randomly allocated in 30 pens. The experiment was designed in completely randomized blocks in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement: three starch levels (25, 35, and 45%), and two additives: a blend of essential oils plus α-amylase (BEO, 90 and 560 mg/kg of DM, respectively) or sodium Monensin (MON, 26 mg/kg DM). The animals were fed once a day at 08:00 ad libitum and underwent an adaptation period of 14 days. The diets consisted of sugarcane bagasse, ground corn, soybean hulls, cottonseed, soybean meal, mineral-vitamin core, and additives. The animals fed BEO35 had higher dry matter intake (P = 0.02) and daily weight gain (P = 0.02). The MON treatment improved feed efficiency (P = 0.02). The treatments BEO35 and BEO45 increased hot carcass weight (P < 0.01). Animals fed BEO presented greater carcass yield (P = 0.01), carcass gain (P < 0.01), rib eye area gain (P = 0.01), and final rib eye area (P = 0.02) when compared to MON. The MON25 treatment improved carcass gain efficiency (P = 0.01), final marbling (P = 0.04), and final subcutaneous fat thickness (P < 0.01). The use of MON reduced the fecal starch% (P < 0.01). Cattle-fed BEO increased rumen absorptive surface area (P = 0.05) and % ASA papilla area (P < 0.01). The MON treatment reduced the cecum lesions score (P = 0.02). Therefore, the use of BEO with 35 and 45% starch increases carcass production with similar biological efficiency as MON; and animals consuming MON25 improve feed efficiency and reduce lesions in the rumen and cecum.ItemArtigo Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Parameters in Pega Breed Donkeys: A Descriptive Study(2023-03-01) Cruz-Aleixo, Amanda Sarita; de Oliveira, Karina Cristina ; de Oliveira Ferreira, Lucas Vinícius ; Cedeo Quevedo, Dario Alejandro ; Cruz, Raíssa Karolliny Salgueiro ; Tsunemi, Miriam Harumi ; Chiacchio, Simone Biagio ; Lourenço, Maria Lucia Gomes ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; University of Nariño ; Cesmac University Center Clinical, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic parameters in Pega donkeys are scarce in the literature; hence, this study was performed to describe the echocardiographic and electrocardiographic measurements in Pega breed donkeys. The objectives of this study were to describe and illustrate the clinical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic parameters in Pega donkeys used for reproduction. Fifty Pega breed donkeys were evaluated, with an average age of 3.4 years and with 20 males and 30 females. In each animal, the electrocardiographic examination at rest was performed using the TEB® computerized system, and the echocardiographic examination was performed using an ultrasound device with a Doppler function multifrequency sectorial transducer in 2D mode (Sonosite® M turbo). Standardizing the electrocardiographic and echocardiographic parameters for the Pega breed donkey can contribute to future assessments regarding possible changes that excessive effort can promote in these parameters to a management engrossed on animal welfare.ItemArtigo Effect of Cow-Calf Supplementation on Gene Expression, Processes, and Pathways Related to Adipogenesis and Lipogenesis in Longissimus thoracis Muscle of F1 Angus × Nellore Cattle at Weaning(2023-02-01) Ramírez-Zamudio, Germán Darío ; Ganga, Maria Júlia Generoso; Pereira, Guilherme Luis ; Nociti, Ricardo Perecin ; Chiaratti, Marcos Roberto ; Cooke, Reinaldo Fernandes ; Chardulo, Luis Artur Loyola ; Baldassini, Welder Angelo ; Machado-Neto, Otávio Rodrigues ; Curi, Rogério Abdallah ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) ; Texas A&M University The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes, biological processes, and metabolic pathways related to adipogenesis and lipogenesis in calves receiving different diets during the cow-calf phase. Forty-eight uncastrated F1 Angus × Nellore males were randomly assigned to two treatments from thirty days of age to weaning: no creep feeding (G1) or creep feeding (G2). The creep feed offered contained ground corn (44.8%), soybean meal (40.4%), and mineral core (14.8%), with 22% crude protein and 65% total digestible nutrients in dry matter. After weaning, the animals were feedlot finished for 180 days and fed a single diet containing 12.6% forage and 87.4% corn-based concentrate. Longissimus thoracis muscle samples were collected by biopsy at weaning for transcriptome analysis and at slaughter for the measurement of intramuscular fat content (IMF) and marbling score (MS). Animals of G2 had 17.2% and 14.0% higher IMF and MS, respectively (p < 0.05). We identified 947 differentially expressed genes (log2 fold change 0.5, FDR 5%); of these, 504 were upregulated and 443 were downregulated in G2. Part of the genes upregulated in G2 were related to PPAR signaling (PPARA, SLC27A1, FABP3, and DBI), unsaturated fatty acid synthesis (FADS1, FADS2, SCD, and SCD5), and fatty acid metabolism (FASN, FADS1, FADS2, SCD, and SCD5). Regarding biological processes, the genes upregulated in G2 were related to cholesterol biosynthesis (EBP, CYP51A1, DHCR24, and LSS), unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis (FADS2, SCD, SCD5, and FADS1), and insulin sensitivity (INSIG1 and LPIN2). Cow-calf supplementation G2 positively affected energy metabolism and lipid biosynthesis, and thus favored the deposition of marbling fat during the postweaning period, which was shown here in an unprecedented way, by analyzing the transcriptome, genes, pathways, and enriched processes due to the use of creep feeding.ItemArtigo Allele frequency of SLC4A3 (PRA1), TTC8 (PRA2), and PRA-prcd mutations in golden retrievers in Brazil(2022-10-17) Trecenti-Santana, Anelize Souza; Guiraldelli, Giulia Gumiero ; Albertino, Lukas Garrido ; Ferreira, Julia Franco ; Andrade, Fabiana Michelsen ; Borges, Alexandre Secorun ; Oliveira-Filho, José Paes ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) is a term used in veterinary medicine to describe inherited and progressive retinal diseases characterized by progressive retinal degeneration and loss of vision. In the Golden Retriever (GR) breed, the mutations associated with PRA have an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. This study aimed to verify the allele frequencies of PRA1, PRA2, and PRA-prcd in the GR breed in Brazil. A total of 121 GR DNA samples (n = 66 females and n = 55 males) were analyzed. All animals assessed in this study were identified as wild-type (121/121 animals; 100%) for PRA1 and PRA2 mutations; therefore, no carrier or homozygous animals were identified in this population. For the PRA-prcd mutation, 118 animals (118/121 animals; 97.52%) were wild-type. Three animals were genotyped as heterozygous for PRA-prcd (3/121 animals; 2.47%), demonstrating that this mutation is still present in some bloodlines and animals in Brazil, even with a rare prevalence. Five animals (5/121 animals, 4.2%) had a previous eye disease, which was diagnosed by a veterinarian as entropion (2 animals), keratoconjunctivitis sicca (1 animal), corneal ulcer (1 animal), and bilateral blindness (1 animal). This dog with bilateral blindness was identified as wild type homozygous for three mutations assessed in this study; therefore, blindness was not associated with the investigated mutations. In addition, the vast majority (98.3%) of Brazilian breeders assessed in this study were unaware of these mutations as a cause of blindness in the Golden Retriever. Therefore, the present study will serve to disseminate knowledge about PRA and its genetic etiologies, as well as to support future studies with other Brazilian GR populations.ItemArtigo Evaluation of biochemical and electrolytic components of semen from ram supplemented with different concentrations of selenium and its correlation with sperm quality(2022-01-01) Silva, D. C.; Codognoto, V. M. ; Piagentini, M. ; Dantas, A. ; Sousa, G. C. ; Silva, L. S. ; Souza, E. R. ; Filho, R. A. Almeida ; Denadai, R. ; Oba, E. ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) The aim of the study was to evaluate whether supplementation with different levels of selenium (Se) can change the biochemical and electrolytic components of semen, causing an improvement in seminal quality in rams. Thirty animals were kept in an intensive pen system, fed with hay and commercial ration, allocated into five groups (six animals/pen) and supplemented with a mineral mixture containing 0mg (G1), 5mg (G2), 10mg (G3), 15mg (G4) and 20mg (G5) of Se/kg. Each group received a different treatment every 56 days and treatments were rotated between groups following a dynamic sequence. Semen samples were collected by electroejaculation after the end of each treatment to evaluate the levels of fructose, citric acid, potassium (K), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), Se, zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), sulfur (S) and lead (Pb). The statistical design was a 5x5 Latin square. The different levels of Se supplementation evaluated maintained the concentrations of electrolytes and minerals in the semen at the required levels and did not change the sperm quality, concluding that higher intakes of Se do not cause antagonistic effects on the absorption and subsequent action of other essential minerals supplied to the animals and still maintains electrolyte balanceItemArtigo Potential in vitro action of an adenosine analog and synergism with penicillin against Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis(2023-03-01) Bernardino, Pedro Negri; de Paula, Carolina Lechinski ; Pereira, Ana Flávia Marques ; Ribeiro, Márcio Garcia ; de Carvalho Azevedo, Vasco Ariston ; Borges, Alexandre Secorun ; Fernandes-Júnior, Ary ; Oliveira-Filho, José Paes ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; University of California – Davis ; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) Caseous lymphadenitis is a well-known disease caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis affecting small ruminants with small significance to human health because of its minor zoonotic potential. In both cases, few treatment options are available and conventional antimicrobial therapy is commonly refractory due to development of pyogranulomatous reactions, bringing great interest in discovering novel therapeutics for more suitable approaches. Dideoxynucleotides presented antibacterial action against various bacteria but were never described for C. pseudotuberculosis. Hypothesizing the antimicrobial action of 2’,3’-dideoxiadenosine (ddATP) against C. pseudotuberculosis, we performed for the first time an investigation of its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) in the ATCC® 19,410 strain and a well-characterized clinical isolate of C. pseudotuberculosis. We also assessed potential synergism with penicillin. ddATP showed a growth delay effect for C. pseudotuberculosis at 2 µmol/mL and a MIC and MBC of 4 µmol/mL against the ATCC® 19,410 strain, but not for the clinical strain. An antimicrobial effect was observed when using concentrations lower than the MIC of ddATP associated with penicillin for both strains tested. Our data suggest the potential of nucleotide analogs, especially adenosine, and its combination with penicillin, as a possible novel treatment for C. pseudotuberculosis-induced infections, and contributes with knowledge regarding alternative drugs to treat C. pseudotuberculosis infections.ItemArtigo Influence of Dorper lamb development from birth to 120 days of age on clinical and echocardiographic parameters(2022-12-01) Aleixo, Amanda Sarita Cruz; Ferreira, Danilo Otávio Laurenti ; Tsunemi, Miriam Harumi ; Chiacchio, Simone Biagio ; Lourenço, Maria Lucia Gomes ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Office of Agricultural Defense of Bauru - EDA The expansion of the sheep model in research represents an attractive and economically beneficial academic reason for investigations in sheep echocardiography. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical and echocardiographic parameters in Dorper lambs during the developmental period. Emphasis was placed on the use of the species in translational research for the echocardiographic diagnosis of congenital heart diseases, which can contribute to improvements in interventionist techniques. Ten Dorper lambs were evaluated at the following time points: 24 h after birth and 7, 14, 21, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of age. Clinical parameters were compiled, and echocardiogram records were obtained without sedation. Rectal temperature was lower on the first day compared to the others. From 21 days of life, there was a reduction in HR, with differences between time points. Mean and systolic blood pressure differed, with the highest values at 90 and 120 days of age. The thickness of the interventricular septum in diastole (IVSd) increased as age progressed, with the highest value at 120 days of age, and the same occurred for LVIDd (left ventricle internal diameter in diastole), LVFWd (left ventricular free wall thickness in diastole), IVSs (interventricular septum thickness in systole), LVIDs (left ventricle internal diameter in systole) and LVFWs (left ventricular free wall thickness in systole). There were differences in the size of the LA, Ao and LA/Ao ratio, which were greater at 90 days and 120 days of age. Echocardiographic changes accompany the development of lambs, where changes in echocardiographic parameters are evident with advancing age. The echocardiographic measurements in lambs obtained in the present study are similar to those in newborns.ItemArtigo Seropositivity of Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Owners and Their Dogs Living on Island and Mainland Seashore Areas of Southern Brazil(2022-10-01) Freitas, Aaronson Ramathan ; Delai, Ruana Renostro ; Kmetiuk, Louise Bach ; da Silva, Evelyn Cristine; Martini, Rafaella ; Brandão, Ana Pérola Drulla ; Giuffrida, Rogério ; de Barros-Filho, Ivan Roque ; Costa da Silva, Rodrigo ; Langoni, Hélio ; Figueiredo, Fabiano Borges ; Pimpão, Cláudia Turra ; Dos Santos, Andrea Pires ; Santarém, Vamilton Alvares ; Biondo, Alexander Welker ; Federal University of Paraná State ; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; University of Western São Paulo ; Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná ; Purdue University Although toxoplasmosis has been considered among the most neglected zoonoses worldwide, no study has focused on the frequency and associated risk factors of owners and their dogs living on an island and mainland seashore areas. Accordingly, anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies were screened by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) in owners and dogs from three oceanic islands and two nearby mainland harbor areas, with associated risk factors for toxoplasmosis assessed by univariable and multivariable logistic regression models. Overall, anti-T. gondii seropositivity was observed in 59/328 (18.0%) owners and 66/283 (23.3%) dogs, with no statistical difference between owners (p = 0.360) and dogs (p = 0.655) from islands and mainland areas. Consumption of local water springs (p = 0.016; OR = 2.11) was an associated risk factor for T. gondii seropositivity, and owners with the habit of spring water intake were twice more likely seropositive (p = 0.014; OR = 2.14). Presence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in dogs was associated with seropositive owners (p = 0.008; OR = 2.81), household consumption of beef meat (p = 0.042; OR = 1.7) and chicken (p = 0.026; OR = 2.9). Despite being lower than the worldwide prevalence, toxoplasmosis seropositivity in owners and their dogs in southern Brazil was influenced by the positive owner, water source, and meat consumption, and not by inhabiting islands or seashore mainland areas, presence of dogs, cats, or both. In addition, drinking water quality should always be considered a critical risk factor for toxoplasmosis on islands.ItemArtigo Ability of donkey sperm to tolerate cooling: Effect of extender base and removal of seminal plasma on sperm parameters and fertility rates in mares(2022-09-26) Gobato, Mariana L. M.; Segabinazzi, Lorenzo G. T. M. ; Scheeren, Verônica F. C. ; Bandeira, Rafael S. ; Freitas-Dell'Aqua, Camila P. ; Dell'Aqua, José A. ; Papa, Frederico O. ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine Artificial insemination using cooled-transported semen has marked importance in equine breeding programs around the world, and the high value of mules has generated avid interest in donkey semen biotechnology. However, donkey semen cools poorly in commercially available equine extenders. Therefore, this study aimed to develop approaches to improve the ability of donkey semen to tolerate cooling. Ejaculates of seven donkeys (n = 21) were cooled at 5°C for 48 h in three different extenders (milk-based, SM; sodium caseinate-based, SC; or egg yolk-based, EY) in the presence or absence of seminal plasma (centrifugation, C). Sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity (PMI), plasma membrane stability (PMS), mitochondrial membrane potential (HMMP), intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and intracellular superoxide ((Formula presented.)) were assessed before, 24 h, and 48 h post-cooling. In addition, 15 mares (163 estrous cycles) were randomly inseminated with semen from two jacks (Jack 1, n = 90; Jack 2, n = 73) previously cooled for 24 h under one of the treatments (SM, SC, EY, SM-C, SC-C, or EY-C). Groups EY, SC-C, and EY-C (P < 0.05) demonstrated superior sperm analytical parameters to SM at 24 and 48 h. Centrifugation positively affected sperm analytical parameters in cooled donkey semen extended in SM and SC (P < 0.05). Mares bred with semen extended in SC (67%, 18/27), SC-C (89%, 24/27), EY (89%, 25/28), or EY-C (74%, 20/27) had significantly greater conception rates than mares bred with SM (33%, 9/27; P < 0.05). Mares bred with SM-C had intermediate conception rates (59%, 16/27). In conclusion, SC and EY improved the cooling ability and fertility of donkey semen in horse mares, and centrifugation positively affected donkey semen extended in SM.ItemArtigo Effect of sires’ expected progeny difference for scrotal circumference and juvenile ADG on the puberty of crossbred beef heifers(2023-06-01) Barroso, José Paulo Roman ; de Castro Ferraz Junior, Marcos Vinicius ; Oliveira, Gabriela Bagio ; Miszura, Alexandre Arantes ; Bertoloni, Analisa Vasques ; Martins, André Storti ; Baggio, Marcelo ; Polizel, Daniel Montanher; Biava, Janaina Socolovski ; Ferreira, Evandro Maia ; Pires, Alexandre Vaz ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM) ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) The early attainment of puberty in heifers is essential for the profitability of the cow-calf farm. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of juvenile average daily gain (ADG) and sire’s expected progeny difference (EPD) on puberty of crossbred beef heifers. Sixty Angus × Nellore heifers early weaned (age = 102 ± 4.3 d; initial BW = 103 ± 4.7 kg) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The factor 1 was the sire’s EPD for scrotal circumference, in which heifers born from sires with positive EPD were considered precocious (P), and heifers born from sires with negative EPD were considered non-precocious (NP). The factor 2 was the high (HG; ADG = 0.9 kg; ad libitum) and medium ADG (MG; ADG = 0.7 kg) from 3rd to 7th month of age (1st phase). After 1st phase until puberty, all heifers were fed ad libitum (2nd phase). Statistical analysis was performed by SAS. There was an interaction between factors for DMI in the 1st phase (P = 0.02), which PHG heifers had higher DMI than NPHG. There was no effect on puberty rate, BW, age and BCS at puberty comparing HG vs. MG. However, favorable sires’ EPD for scrotal circumference induced a higher proportion of puberty (P 87% vs. NP 59%) at 15 months of age. Thus, the ADG in juvenile age did not affect puberty rate, but sires with positive EPD increased puberty rate of Angus × Nellore heifers in heifers fed a high gain diet.ItemArtigo Beneficial Impact of Hypercapnic Conditions During Early Incubation on Broiler Hatchability. Embryo Mortality and Postnatal Performance(2023-01-01) Kroetz Neto, Felipe Lino ; Gonzales, E.; Novaes, G. A. ; Pereira, R. J.G. ; Aviagen America Latina Ltda ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) We assessed the extent to which CO2 levels altered different hatching and chick parameters. In Experiments 1 and 2, a total of 16,184 eggs from Cobb 500 breeders were incubated in single stage incubators under three different conditions: (a) standard ventilated incubator (CON, Exp.1 and 2); (b) increasing CO2 levels during the first 10 days of incubation until 0.7% (V7000, Exp. 1) and (c) until 0.8% (V8000, Exp. 2). High levels of CO2 improved hatchability, possibly due to lower embryo mortality from ED18 to ED21. Internal and external pipping in experiment V8000 started later than in CON; nevertheless, the hatch still occurred before in V8000 as a result of the shorter durations of external pipping and hatch. In Experiment 3, a total of 12,138 eggs from Cobb 500 were incubated in single stage incubators under three different conditions: (a) standard ventilated incubator (CON); (b) increasing CO2 levels until 1.0% with ventilation (V10000); and (c) increasing CO2 levels until 1.0% without ventilation (NV10000). Hypercapnic conditions led to better hatchability and lower embryo mortality from ED18 to ED21. Internal pipping started earlier in NV10000, but only V10000 differed from CON in terms of the average time for hatch. Hypercapnic groups also showed shorter durations of external pipping and hatch when compared to CON. Post-hatch analysis revealed no differences among incubation conditions in terms of body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, mortality by sudden death syndrome, and production factor. Nevertheless, V10000 showed a lower mortality by ascites and a better viability when compared to CON, while NV10000 presented a higher mortality by other causes. Altogether, our findings indicate that in addition to not being detrimental to embryo survival, high CO2 levels reduce embryonic mortality at 18-21 days of incubation and increase hatchability.ItemArtigo The Challenge of Coexistence: Changes in Activity Budget and Ranging Behaviour of Brown Howler Monkeys in Response to the Presence of Conspecifics and Heterospecifics(2023-01-01) Sobral, Gisela ; Fuzessy, Lisieux F.; de Oliveira, Claudio Alvarenga ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) The presence of other animals, both conspecifics and heterospecifics, is a major driving force for how animals organize themselves in space and time. Although theoretical models are available to explain the role of each in animal movement, fine-scale assessments of daily movement are scarce, particularly for primates. Hence, our goal was to assess whether and how the presence of conspecifics and heterospecifics influence spatiotemporal landscape use in two, wild, howler monkey (Alouatta guariba) groups. We followed the groups for 14 months in a large, continuous forest, during which we recorded their daily path length (DPL), home range, activity budget, feeding, and the presence of other groups (conspecifics) and other species (heterospecifics). The two groups differed in DPL, home range, proportion of fruits ingested, and time devoted to moving and resting. Partial least squares path modelling showed that variation in DPL was explained by the percentage of leaves or fruits ingested and by the presence of conspecifics, but not of heterospecifics. Group differences in several ecological variables emphasise the need to conduct further studies of space use with more groups in the same area to understand the underlying mechanisms of these differences. Moreover, our analysis shows that within-species interactions may be a stronger force in spatiotemporal organisation than interspecies interactions, at least in this folivorous primate. This is relevant from both a theoretical standpoint, and also when considering the consequences of habitat fragmentation and reduction. Deforestation leads to decreased resource availability and increased likelihood of encounters with conspecifics, which ultimately alters the proportion of food items ingested and increases the DPL, disrupting energy balance.ItemArtigo Molecular characterization of persistent subclinical mastitis-causing Staphylococcus aureus from dairy farms(2023-06-01) Gonçalves, Juliano Leonel ; Lee, Sarah H. I. ; Camargo, Carlos H. ; Zanella, Rosemeire Cobo ; Silva, Nathália C. C. ; Rall, Vera. L. M.; Cue, Roger I. ; dos Santos, Marcos V. ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; Michigan State University ; Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL) ; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; McGill University The study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity of Staphylococcus aureus causing subclinical mastitis (SM) isolated from dairy cows and to assess the effect of the infection status (transient vs. persistent) on the milk and component yield. A total of six dairy farms in São Paulo state were used for the selection of cows with SM caused by S. aureus. S. aureus strains (n = 56) obtained from three biweekly aseptic mammary quarter milk samplings (n = 1140 from 95 cows) were subjected to MALDI-TOF MS analysis for species confirmation and further PFGE analysis. Intramammary infections (IMI) caused by S. aureus were categorized as transient (T: when only one out of 3 milk samplings had positive isolation of any pulsotype) or persistent (P: when two (P2) or three (P3) milk samplings had positive isolation of identical pulsotype over the consecutive episodes of SM. The SmaI macrorestriction fragment profiles of 56 S. aureus isolates showed a dominant S. aureus clonal pattern (PFGE type A; n = 50; 89.3%) within and among the herds. The SM-causing S. aureus represented a reduction of quarter milk yield of 26.2% in transient and 54.8% in persistent cases as well as a reduction of total solid yield of 38.1% and 49.4%, respectively, when compared with the healthy control quarters. Overall, the greater chance of S. aureus to be persistent is when a dominant clonal pattern is present in the herd which consequently may be associated with the cause of accentuated milk loss.ItemArtigo All-triploid offspring in the yellowtail tetra Astyanax altiparanae Garutti & Britski 2000 (Teleostei, Characidae) derived from female tetraploid × male diploid crosses(2023-04-01) Alves, Andreoli Correia ; Yasui, George Shigueki ; do Nascimento, Nivaldo Ferreira ; Monzani, Paulo Sérgio; Senhorini, José Augusto ; Pereira Dos Santos, Matheus ; Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ). Animal Science Graduate Programme ; Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação da Biodiversidade Aquática ContinentalTA/ICMbio ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ; Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada ; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) This study aimed to evaluate the ploidy and survival of larvae resulting from crosses between tetraploid females and diploid males of yellowtail tetra Astyanax altiparanae, both females (three diploids and three tetraploids) and males (n = 3 diploids). Breeders were subjected to hormonal induction with pituitary gland extract from common carp fish (Cyprinus carpio). Females received two doses at concentrations of 0.3 and 3.0 mg/kg -1 body weight and at intervals of 6 h. Males were induced with a single dose of 3.0 mg/kg -1 applied simultaneously with the second dose in females. Oocytes from each diploid and tetraploid female were fertilized with semen from the same male, resulting in two crosses: cross 1 (diploid male and diploid female) and cross 2 (diploid male and tetraploid female). The procedures were performed with separate females (diploid and tetraploid) and diploid males for each repetition (n = 3). For ploidy determination, 60 larvae from each treatment were analyzed using flow cytometry and cytogenetic analyses. As expected, flow cytometry analysis showed that progenies from crosses 1 and 2 presented diploid and triploid individuals, respectively, with a 100% success rate. The same results were confirmed in the cytogenetic analysis, in which the larvae resulting from cross 1 had 50 metaphase chromosomes and those from cross 2 had 75 chromosomes. The oocytes have a slightly ovoid shape at the time of extrusion. Diploid oocytes had a size of 559 ± 20.62 μm and tetraploid of 1025.33 ± 30.91 μm. Statistical differences were observed between eggs from crosses 1 and 2 (P = 0.0130). No significant differences between treatments were observed for survival at the 2-cell stage (P = 0.6174), blastula (P = 0.9717), gastrula (P = 0.5301), somite (P = 0.3811), and hatching (P = 0.0984) stages. In conclusion, our results showed that tetraploid females of the yellowtail tetra A. altiparanae are fertile, present viable gametes after stripping and fertilization using the 'dry method', and may be used for mass production of triploids. This is the first report of these procedures within neotropical characins, and which can be applied in other related species of economic importance.