Teses - Agronomia (Produção e Tecnologia de Sementes) - FCAV

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Reguladores de crescimento na dormência e germinação de sementes de amendoim
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2007-02-23) Fernandes, Adriano Carlos [UNESP]; Rodrigues, Teresinha de Jesus Deléo [UNESP]; Godoy, Ignácio José de [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Seeds have relatively high concentrations of hormones, but little is known about their function during seed development and germination. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of gibberelic acid (GA3), ethylene (ethrel) and of the growth retardants paclobutrazol (PBZ), abscisic acid (ABA) and cobalt nitrate upon the dormancy and germination of peanut seeds (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivar IAC-Caiapo. The seeds germinated in plastic boxes having washed sand as substratum. The substratum was moistened with 45 mL of sterile water or with the solutions used in the treatments. To evaluate the effects of PBZ and/or GA3, the seeds were submitted to the treatments: control, GA3 1 mmol, PBZ 50 Êmol and PBZ 50 Êmol + GA3 1 mmol. In order to evaluate the effects of ethrel and/or cobalt nitrate the seeds were submitted to the treatments: control, ethrel 10-4 mol, cobalt nitrate 2 x 10-3 mol and ethrel 10-4 mol + cobalt nitrate 2 x 10-3 mol. To analyse the effects of ABA and/or GA3 the seeds were submitted to the treatments: control, ABA 50 Êmol, GA3 1 mmol, ABA 50 Êmol + GA3 1 mmol, ABA 1 mmol and ABA 1 mmol + GA3 1 mmol. The experimental design was a complete randomized in factorial arrangement in accordance with the treatments. The treatments with growth regulators were applied using eight replications of 25 seeds treated, or not, with fungicide Benlat 500 PM and Euparen M 500 PM. Immediately after harvest the peanut seeds presented pronounced dormancy. The application of Paclobutrazol 50 Êmol was not sufficient to inhibit the GA3 activity. The cobalt nitrate at the concentration of 2 x 10-3 mol was not effective against ethylene action. The dormancy of peanut seeds cv. IAC-Caiapo was naturally broken two months after harvest, and occurred during the experiments, modifying the growth regulators effects after this period. The fungicide interfered with the action of the growth regulators applied.
Maturação de sementes de sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth.)
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2003-02-14) Alves, Edna Ursulino [UNESP]; Sader, Rubens [UNESP]; Bruno, Riselane de Lucena Alcântara [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
The objective of this research was to study the maturation process of the Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. seeds. The seeds and fruits were collected from plants located at the Bujari sugar mill, Areia County ,State of Paraíba, Brazil. Were made sixteen weekly fruits and seeds harvests of starting from 105 days after anthesis (d.a.a.) in the period of August 9 up to November 22, 2001. Were evaluated the fruits and, seeds color; fruits and, seeds dimensions , the moisture content; the fruits and, seeds fresh and dry weight mass, the germination, the dormant seeds percentage; and the vigor expressed by the first germination count, length and the seedling fresh and dry weight mass. According to the obtained results, it was observed that the physiological maturity of Mimosa. caesalpiniifolia occurred from 154 d.a.a. extending up to 168 d.a.a. The harvesting cannot be delayed beyond 189 d.a.a. due to a great loss of fruits and seeds caused by natural dispersion. To avoid the influence of seed dormancy, the harvest must be done at 154 until 168 d.a.a. with germination of 80% and maximum accumulation of dry weight mass.
Performance da aplicação de polímero no tratamento de sementes de amendoim
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2009-02-16) Furlani, Ana Caroline Ferreira Athayde [UNESP]; Panizzi, Rita de Cassia [UNESP]; Sader, Rubens [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Due to the importance of the peanut culture in Jaboticabal region and to the necessity of increase its production technology, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the possibility of to utilize the film-coating technique in this culture seeds. It was realized three assays: a) in laboratory relating to the effect of the treatment on peanut seeds germination and vigor, b) in greenhouse relating to seeds germination in infested soil with Rhizoctonia solani and c) in the field assay relating to the influence of treatment on culture production. It was utilized two peanut seed lots of Runner IAC 886 cultivar with high and low vigor. Seeds received the following treatments: control, Laborsan® film-coating (2,0 mL.kg-1 seeds), fungicide Fludioxonil (Maxin XL) – (1,5 mL.kg-1 seeds) recovered with the Laborsan® film-coating (2,0 mL.kg-1 seeds) and fungicide Fludioxonil (Maxin XL) – (1,5 mL.kg-1 seeds). Seeds vigor level had effect in all evaluations. The film-coating used in this work did not affect peanut seeds physiological potential and either the fungicide efficiency, showing a promising technique, however, it must had utilized only with fungicide because it does not control soil pathogens.
Revestimento de sementes de milho superdoce
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2003-02-13) Mendonça, Elisabeth Aparecida Furtado de [UNESP]; Carvalho, Nelson Moreira de [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
A semente de milho doce, em virtude do baixo conteúdo de amido, é normalmente leve e rugosa. A rugosidade torna difícil a classificação das sementes quanto à forma e ao tamanho e isso, dificulta a semeadura. Uma solução para sanar esse problema seria a utilização da técnica de revestimento. Diante do exposto, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar diferentes materiais de revestimento, adesivos e corantes na peletização de sementes de milho superdoce e verificar quais combinações de materiais seriam eficientes na manutenção da qualidade fisiológica das sementes durante o armazenamento e que permitiriam vazão e distribuição uniformes durante a semeadura. Para tanto, foram testados doze materiais de revestimento (calcários 1 e 2, caulim, carvão vegetal ativado, areia, vermiculita, fubá de milho, farinha de trigo, polvilho de mandioca, amido de milho, celite e terra diatomáceas) e dois adesivos (goma arábica e cascorez extra). As avaliações da qualidade física e fisiológica das sementes revestidas e nuas foram efetuadas através dos testes: teor de água, fragmentação, peso de mil sementes, volume aparente e plantabilidade, germinação em papel toalha e em areia, primeira contagem da germinação em papel e areia, comprimento e massa seca de plântulas, porcentagem e velocidade de emergência das plântulas em campo. O revestimento de sementes de milho superdoce é possivel, pois proporciona homogeneidade de forma e tamanho às sementes, melhora a vazão e a distribuição dos péletes na semeadura. O revestimento propiciou um aumento na porcentagem e velocidade de emergência das plântulas em campo após quatro meses de armazenamento.
Disponibilidade hídrica na germinação de sementes e no crescimento de plântulas da leguminosa forrageira Macrotyloma axillare (E. Mey) Verdc. cv. Java
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2007-07-23) Paiva, Auricleia Sarmento de [UNESP]; Rodrigues, Teresinha de Jesus Deléo [UNESP]; Cancian, Antônio João [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
The objective of this research was to evaluate physiological characteres of the tropical forage legume, Macrotyloma axillare cv. Java (perennial horse gram) submitted to different water potentials and to determine the physiological quality of three seed lots of this cultivar. The physical purity, 1000 seeds weight, standard germination test (SGT) and speed of germination index (SGI) were evaluated. The following vigour tests were performed: first count of SGT; electrical conductivity and accelerated aging. The effect of substratum water availability was studied using polyethylene glicol solutions (PEG 6000) on seed germination and soil with three levels of water contents (60, 45 and 35% of field capacity) on germination and early growth of seedlings. Differences on initial physiological potential of scarified seeds could be observed by the germination test. First count of germination and SGI were not sensible to detect differences in seed physiological potential of these three lots. The accelerated aging of scarified seeds can be performed at 41ºC during at least 72 hours or at 45ºC for 48 hours. The electrical conductivity test was adequate to differentiate lots of scarified seeds after 48 hours of imbibition. The seed lot number three was classified as the lowest vigour lot of perennial horse gram seeds. There was progressive and significant decrease of germination percentage and of SGI when the substratum water potential decreased from zero to -0,6 MPa and reduction of germination percentage and SGI when the soil water availability decreased from 60% to 45 and 35% of field capacity. All seedlings shoot characters were hastened by the decrease of soil water availability, mainly the parameters: seedling height, fresh mass and area of leaves... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Morfologia da testa e potencial fisiológico de sementes de soja
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2003-02-19) Silva, Monalisa Alves Diniz da [UNESP]; Vieira, Roberval Daiton [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Durante o envelhecimento das sementes, a redução do potencial fisiológico é conseqüência do processo de deterioração que pode levar a alterações na anatomia da testa, as quais tendem a interferir no processo de embebição, e conseqüentemente, no potencial fisiológico. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar anatomicamente a testa de sementes de dois cultivares de soja, por intermédio do uso da microscopia eletrônica de varredura, após o envelhecimento acelerado e o armazenamento, assim como o seu potencial fisiológico. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos, no primeiro os tratamentos consistiram de cinco períodos de envelhecimento acelerado (0, 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas) a 42°C e, aproximadamente, 100% de umidade relativa do ar. Findo os períodos de envelhecimento foram avaliados o teor de água das sementes e a germinação; e, posteriormente, após secagem em estufa com circulação de ar, seções transversais da testa de 10 sementes de cada tratamento foram eletromicrografadas. No segundo experimento, os tratamentos constaram do armazenamento das sementes, em câmara fria e ambiente de laboratório, e três períodos de avaliação, zero, três e seis meses, com avaliações do teor de água, da germinação, do vigor (comprimento de plântula, matéria seca, envelhecimento acelerado, frio, condutividade elétrica e emergência de plântula), da anatomia da testa, com o uso da microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Houve a redução do potencial germinativo e o aumento do colapso das células da camada hipodérmica da testa, de ambas as cultivares, à medida que o período de envelhecimento acelerado aumentou. O teste de condutividade elétrica detectou diferenças significativas entre os períodos de armazenamento para as sementes armazenadas em laboratório, para as duas cultivares...
Revestimento, qualidade física e fisiológica de sementes de cenoura (Daucus carota L.) cv. Brasília
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2009-03-25) Soares, Flávio Humberto [UNESP]; Leite, Izabel Cristina [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
The carrot is an important vegetable in Brazil, with production area of about 28,000 ha / year and the technique of coating of the seeds have been used for tillage. This research was performed at the Laboratory of Seed Analysis, Department of Plant Production, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias/UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, to evaluate four different concentrations of coating on three sizes of seed of the carrot and physical qualities physiological. We used three seed lots of carrot (Daucus carota L.) cv. Brasília, originated from different umbels of the same flower, and covered with inlay of 0%, 50%, 100%, 150% and 200% of the density of the seed. We evaluated the physical factors: water content, physical purity, weight of 1000 seeds, number of seeds per gram and Volumetric Weight, and physiological factors: the tetrazolium test, germination and emergence, and force the testing of first count of germination and Emergency and speed of germination index and Emergency. For the statistical analysis used the completely randomized design in factorial with four replications, and comparison of means was made using the Tukey test at 5% level of probability. According to the results concluded that the sizes of the seeds of carrot subjected to tests of physical evaluation respond differently to treatment of coating. It is recommended to use the technology of coating by the process of incrustation of up to 150% concentration, it does not interfere in any significant way to the main test of physiological seed quality of carrot cv. Brasília, regardless of size.
Germinação e aspectos morfológicos de sementes de Dypsis leptocheilos (Hodel) Beentje & J. Dransf. (Arecaceae)
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2009-12-17) Pimenta, Ricardo Soares [UNESP]; Pivetta, Kathia Fernandes Lopes [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Dypsis leptocheilos (Hodel) Beentje & J. Dransf is a palm highly valued as ornamental. The propagation is by seed. However, there is little information on this process. The objective of this work was to study the morphology, the effect of temperature, substrate and storage on germination of D. leptocheilos seeds. The experiment was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, UNESP/Jaboticabal. The 4 studies conducted were: 1) morphology; 2) temperature effect: the experimental design was randomized with 6 treatments (laboratory condition temperature, 25 ºC, 30 ºC, 35 ºC, 20-30 ºC and 25-35 ºC) and using coconut fiber as substrate; 3) substrate effect, the experimental design was randomized with 4 treatments (coconut fiber, sand, vermiculite and Plantmax ®) and using a temperature of 30 ºC; 4) storage effect: the experimental design was randomized with 5 treatments (4 months of storage and then sowing after harvest) and using vermiculite as substrate in laboratory condition temperature and 4 replications of 25 disseminules to study 2, 3 and 4. For all studies, except for morphology, water replacement in the substrate was made by keeping 100% of the capacity of retention and was made a count of germinated seeds every 2 days being adopted as a criterion of germination the germinative button. To study the effect of temperature and substrate were determined percentage of germination (%G), speed of germination index (SGI), leaf area (cm2), root length and shoot (cm), leaf dry mass (g) and root dry mass (g). The statistical analysis was performed (except for morphology) to study the effect of temperature and substrate, the means were compared using the Tukey test and for storage, polynomial regression was performed. It was concluded that germination of D. leptocheilos is adjacent ligular type, and the condition that provided the greatest percentage and speed of seed... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Morfo-anatomia, dormência, germinação e emergência de plântulas de tento (Ormosia paraensis Ducke – Fabaceae)
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2010-12-22) Silva, Breno Marques da Silva e [UNESP]; Môro, Fabíola Vitti [UNESP]; Vieira, Roberval Daiton [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Ormosia paraensis Ducke, known as “tento”, possess seeds used to make handicrafts and wood worked by furniture makers. For the forest identification and seeds technology, the information on the biology and therefore for the production of “tento” seedlings are incipient. Thus, the aim of this study was the morpho-anatomical description as well as determining the most appropriate methods for overcoming dormancy, germination and seedling emergence of “tento”. For the morpho-anatomical description, the evaluations were examined by optical and scanning electron microscopy. For the dormancy break of the seeds, the methods were physical and chemical scarification. For the temperature, substrate and depth evaluation were used temperatures from 5 to 45 oC, the substrates sand, paper, vermiculite and PlantmaxR and the depths of 0, 2 and 4 cm. The fruit is a nutant legume, brown to black, dehiscent and with one or two seeds of lateral placentation. The seeds are bitegmic, exalbuminous and rounded. The seedlings have simple and alternate leaves, and their germination is hypogeal cryptocotyledonary. The mechanical scarification and the chemical by sulfuric acid immersion for 60 or 120 minutes are suitable for overcoming seed dormancy. The range of the optimum temperature for germination is between 25 and 35 oC between sand or paper. In the nursery are sand and vermiculite, sowings higher than 2 cm depths are unsuitable for seedling emergence
Germinação e vigor de sementes de soja em função da disponibilidade hídrica do solo e presença de Phomopsis sojae
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2007-06-29) Simoni, Fabiana De [UNESP]; Panizzi, Rita de Cássia [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
The objective of the present research was to verify the effect of water availability and Phomopsis sojae in the germination of soybean seeds. For characterization of physiological and sanitary qualities of the seeds the following tests were used: germination and vigor (accelerated aging, bulk electric conductivity and dry mass of seedlings) and blotter test ; besides, it was determined the water content, before and after the aging. For the study of the emergence with water availability, three treatments were considered: 60% (H1), 40% (H2) and 20% (H3) of its water retention capacity. The seeds were artificially inoculated with Phomopsis sojae by contact with the fungi for a period of 32 hours, laterly they were sowed in plastic boxes for the emergence test with water availability. Four varieties (MSoy 8400, MSoy 8200, Embrapa 48 and Paradise) were seeded combined with three levels of water availability and the fungi, constituted 24 treatments with four replications. Each box received 50 seeds, these were maintained in laboratory. The evaluation of the seedlings emergence was made in 10th day after seeding and at the end of that period was made the evaluation of the soybean seedlings dry mass. For the study of the water availability in soybean seedlings and the levels of inoculation of the seeds with P. sojae were considered 18 treatments (3 water availability: 50% (H1), 40% (H2) and 30% (H3) of its water retention capacity x 6 levels of inoculated seeds (0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60%). The period of the seeds inoculation was the same used previously. The evaluation of the seedlings emergence was made in 10th day after the seeding and at the end of that period was made the evaluation of the soybean seedlings dry mass. The obtained results allowed to conclude that the relationship between the emergence of soybean seedlings in soil and Phomopsis sojae varied with the level of water...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Morfo-anatomia e desenvolvimento pós-seminal de cinco espécies de Bromeliaceae
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2007-02-27) Viana, Fábio Alessandro Padilha [UNESP]; Môro, Fabíola Vitti [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
The objective of the work was to describe and to compare the anatomy and the morphology of the seed and of the seedlings, as well as to describe the stages of the germination process of the seeds of tive bromeliads species. Comparing the results, the species of the gender Nidularium present form from fusiform to elliptic seed while the species Alcantarea imperialis and Pitcairnia flammea present prolonged formo The tegument of the studied seeds has coloration varying frem dark brown to black. The pattem of the cells is differentiated, therefore in Alcantarea imperialis the pattem is irregular, with the presence of wax granules, that is not noticed in the other species. In Pitcairnia fIammea the pattem is irregular occurring some difference in the form between the cells of the extremities and the cells of the medium area. Within relationship to the characterization of the germination, the species of Nidularium and the species Alcantarea imperialis present hipogeal germination while the species Pitcairnia fIammea presents epígeal germination. It was observed that the seeds of the species of Nidularium and of the species Pitcairnia fIammea are have one tegument, with basal embryo and rudimentare and they could be conical or prolonged. The abundant endosperm is constituted by small cells containing grains of starch. The plumule of the species of Nidularium has triangular and tiny form while in the species Alcantarea imperialis the plumule is piriformy and in the species Pitcairnia fIammea it is prolonged. The cells of the adaxial face of the leaves of Nidularium present prolonged pattem; in Alcantarea imperialis they are poliedrical and reticulate in Pitcaimia fIammea they are poliedrical and isodiametrical. The cells of the abaxial face of the leaves of the tive species are already poliedrical and reticulate...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Bases fisiológicas para a conservação a longo prazo de sementes Cariniana legalis (Mart.) O. Kuntze
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2009-05-08) Abreu, Daniela Cleide Azevedo de [UNESP]; Medeiros, Antonio Carlos de Souza [UNESP]; Aguiar, Ivor Bergemann de [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
The understanding of the physiological behavior of seeds is essential to define the appropriated safe storage technique. However, one of the main problems, for many Brazilian native forest species, is the lack of accurate information about this issue. The seeds moisture content and storage temperature are crucial factors for the preservation of the physiological quality of the seeds. The general objective of the present work was to study the possibility of a long term conservation of Cariniana legalis (Mart.) O. Kuntze seeds, in a germplasm bank. The specific objectives were: (a) study the seeds tolerance to dehydration and hydration using saturated saline solutions; (b) classify the physiological behavior of the seeds regarding the storage and (c) evaluate the physiological quality of the seeds with different moisture contents for 360 days in freezer (-20ºC) and liquid nitrogen (-196ºC). The results showed that (a) the construction of the isotherm sorption with saturated saline solutions was efficient to determine different levels of water balance; (b) seeds tolerate dehydration and negative temperature, presenting an orthodox behavior; (c) the most suitable moisture content for seed storage in freezer and liquid nitrogen was of 3,7% (d) the seeds stored with this moisture content were better preserved in liquid nitrogen; (e) the cryopreservation of C. legalis dried seeds showed the possibility of long-term storage in germplasm banks.
Avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de mutamba (Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.) por meio de diferentes testes de vigor
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2003-02-17) Gonçalves, Edilma Pereira [UNESP]; Demattê, Maria Esmeralda Soares Payão [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
O trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a eficiência de diferentes testes de vigor para identificação do potencial fisiológico de quatro lotes de sementes de mutamba (Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.). O estudo foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Análise de Sementes e no Viveiro Experimental de Plantas Ornamentais e Florestais - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP. Foram utilizados quatro lotes de sementes provenientes de três localidades paulistas: lotes I e 11, coletados no município de Jaboticabal em 2000 e 2001, respectivamente, lote 111, coletado em Santa Rita do Passo Quatro, e lote IV, coletado em Luiz Antonio, os dois últimos em 2001. As sementes utilizadas em todos os testes foram escarificadas com ácido sulfúrico durante 50 minutos e lavadas em água corrente durante 15 minutos. Foram avaliados: teor de água, teste de germinação, teste de primeira contagem, índice de velocidade de germinação, emergência em viveiro, índice de velocidade de emergência, envelhecimento acelerado conduzido nas temperaturas de 410e e 450e, durante nove períodos de avaliação, e condutividade elétrica com diferentes números de sementes (50, 75, 100), postas para embeber em copos de plástico contendo 50, 75 e 100 mL de água desionizada, à temperatura de 250e, fazendo leituras freqüentes durante 72 horas. Os teores de água das sementes nos diferentes lotes apresentaram pequenas variações (9,2 a 10,0 %). Não foram verificadas diferenças estatísticas para a porcentagem de germinação, emergência em viveiro e índice de velocidade de emergência. Diante dos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que o envelhecimento acelerado pode ser realizado na temperatura de 41°C por um período mínimo de 120 horas ou a 45°C durante 96 horas para avaliação do potencial fisiológico, e o teste de condutividade elétrica não se mostrou adequado para avaliação do potencial fisiológico das sementes...
Testes de vigor em sementes de quiabeiro
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2007-07-27) Lopes, Magnólia de Mendonça [UNESP]; Sader, Rubens [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
The objective of this research was to study the physiological tests of controlled deterioration, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity and potassium leakage, for okra seeds, to evaluate it’s physiological quality. The experiment was carried out by using four okra seed lots cv. “Santa Cruz”. In the first stage were performed the standard germination, first germination count, speed of germination index, field seedling emergence, controlled deterioration seed (water content of 18, 21 and 24%, 45ºC, during 24 hours). The accelerated aging with and without salt solution with period of 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours at 41 and, 45ºC. For the electrical conductivity were used temperatures of 25 and, 30ºC, volumes of 25 and 50 mL of water, 25 and 50 seeds and periods of 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 18 and, 24 hours. The potassium leakage (25 seeds, 25mL of water at 25ºC during 2, 4, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours. In the second stage, the procedure considered more relevant for every test was repeated. According to the obtained results was concluded that the controlled deterioration test with 24% of seed water content at 41ºC for 24 hours. The accelerated aging with and without salt solution using 41ºC for 72 hours and the electrical conductivity test 25 seeds with 25mL of water at 25ºC during 24 hours were the most indicated tests to evaluate the physiological seed quality of okra seeds. The potassium leakage needs additional studies to adequate it’s methods and to make viable it’s use for okra seeds.
Secagem e armazenamento de sementes de Anadenanthera peregrina var. falcata (Benth.) Altschul e A. colubrina (Vell.) Brenan var. cebil (Griseb.) Altschul
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2007-05-25) Marques, Marco Antonio [UNESP]; Aguiar, Ivor Bergemann de [UNESP]; Medeiros, Antonio Carlos de Souza [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
This work was carried out with two brazilian tree species of the Anadenanthera genus (Mimosaceae): A. peregrina var. falcata and A. colubrina var. cebil , with the objectives of (a) to confirm the seed classification concerning both to the physiological behaviour during storage and to the longevity; (b) to conserve the seed physiological quality in medium-term storage; (c) to test drying methods for reduce safely to low values the seed moisture content; (d) to store dried seeds at sub-zero temperatures for a long-term storage. The seeds were dried over saturated salt solutions, over silica gel and by freeze-drying methods. Dried seeds were stored during different periods at room temperature, dry chamber, cold chamber, freezer, ultra-freezer and liquid nitrogen vapour phase. During storage, seed moisture content, germinability and vigour were evaluated. Seeds of both species showed orthodox behaviour and short longevity when stored at room temperature. The three drying methods were effective to reduce safely the seed moisture content. In medium-term storage, seeds maintained their physiological quality when (a) packaged into permeable container and stored at dry chamber; (b) packaged into impermeable container and stored at cold chamber; (c) freeze-dried, packaged into impermeable container and stored at room temperature. Dried seeds tolerated both low and ultra-low storage temperatures, showing possibility for long-term storage.
Alterações histológicas e bioquímicas e potencial fisiológico de sementes de soja
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2009-12-22) Vieira, Bruno Guilherme Torres Licursi [UNESP]; Vieira, Roberval Daiton [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
The soybean seed deterioration has been widely studied during the seed storage. The study was conducted in order to monitor the soybean embryonic tissue and seed deterioration. Soybean seed, cv. MGBR-46 Conquista harvested at three different times: physiological maturity (R7), R7 + 7days and R7 + 15 days and stored in cold room (10 ºC, 45-50% of air RH) and climatic chamber (25 ºC) were used. In the first experiment, in order to obtain information on the structural and physiological damage caused by storage and harvest, the soybean seeds were electromicrographed using an electron microscope scanning and the seed vigor evaluated quarterly using the germination (rolled paper towel and sand as substrate) and vigor (electrical conductivity, tetrazolium, accelerated aging and field seedling emergence) tests. Also the seed water content was determined. In the second experiment, the assessment profiles of the bands of esterase, malate and glutamate dehydrogenase enzymes were also quarterly evaluated. For that, 10 embryonic axes were extracted for each treatment to run electrophoretic analysis. According to the results obtained, it can be concluded that: soybean seeds stored under adverse conditions, in the field after R7 stage and stored at 25 °C for 12 months reduced their physiological potential, damaging the seed coat structure; soybean seeds harvested at different times with high vigor may influence izoenzymatic patterns in response to the storage; the enzyme analyses were sensitive to evaluate the physiological potential, indicating the begin of soybean seed deterioration in function of storage and harvest times; the activity of esterase, malate and glutamate dehydrogenase enzymes may be influenced by time and storage temperatures
Testes para avaliar o potencial fisiológico de sementes de beterraba
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2006-03-27) Silva, Josué Bispo da [UNESP]; Vieira, Roberval Daiton [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
The use of vigor tests is essential to evaluate the physiological potential of seed lots produced and selled by a company. The work, separated in two stages, aimed to study different vigor tests to evaluate the physiological potential of beetroot seeds. With base in the results, it was concluded that EA, EASS-20, EASS-40 and DC tests can be used to evaluate the physiological potential of beet seeds; the use of solutions presents advantage on the traditional procedure; the adjustment of seed MC in the controlled deterioration test would be done by the method of humid substratum.
Qualidade fisiológica e armazenamento de sementes de ipê-verde (Cybistax antisyphilitica (Mart.) Mart.)
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2009-12-16) Melo, Paulo Régis Bandeira de [UNESP]; Paula, Rinaldo Cesar de [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Cybistax antisyphilitica (Mart.) Mart. is a Brazilian native tree species, with medicinal properties, belonging family Bignoniaceae and often found in Cerrado biome. Can be used in project with objective for heterogeneous florestation directed to the recomposition of degraded areas, permanent preservation area or ornamental purposes. This study was carried out to evaluate conditions to the germination standard test, verify the possibility the use the electrical conductivity and accelerated aging tests to studied the physiological quality of seeds, as well as to evaluate the storage of seed lots in order to helpful in quality programs and consequent decision in relation to possible sow, discard, sale, donation, storage, among others. This seeds lots were from Araraquara (SP), Assis (SP) and Guariba (SP), district. For the processing of seeds was removed manually adnated wing and subsequent homogenize in soil compartment, separately for each lot. In the germination test were evaluated seven temperatures (20 oC, 25 oC, 30 oC, 35 oC, 20-30 oC, 20-35 oC and 25-35 oC) and four substrates (sand, germitest paper, blotting-paper and vermiculite), for two lots of seeds. For vigor tests, were evaluated the possibility to adapt and use of electrical conductivity, conducted at 25 oC in samples of 50, 75 and 100 seeds, soaking in 75 and 100 mL of distilled water for different periods (2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h) and traditional test of accelerated aging (without NaCl) and saline solution (with NaCl), at 45 0C at different times (24, 48, 72 and 96 h), to four seed lots. For evaluate the behaviour in storage, two seed lots were storage in paper kraft bag and kept in room temperature (24 oC ± 2 oC and RH 53% ± 3%); storage in paper kraft bag inside of the wood fiber pots at climated room (22 oC ± 2 oC and RH 56% ± 15%) and storage in plastic bag in cold chamber (9 oC ± 2 oC and RH 43% ± 5%)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Germinação e aspectos morfológicos de sementes de Archontophoenix cunninghamii H. Wendl. & Drude (Arecaceae)
(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2008-07-23) Luz, Petterson Baptista da [UNESP]; Pivetta, Kathia Fernandes Lopes [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
The Australian real palm (Archontophoenix cunninghamii H. Wendl. & Drude) has a major use in landscaping. Among producers because of its possibility as an alternative for the production of palm heart, which leads to an increase in the demand for its seedlings. This palm tree is of great ornamental and commercial interest, there are still many unknown aspects related to seedling production. There is no scientific information about the germination tests such as temperature, germination medium, seedling morphology or the seed behavior during storage. For the study of temperature effect, six temperatures regimes (20ºC, 25ºC, 30ºC, 35ºC, 20-30ºC and 25- 35ºC) were evaluated, using vermiculite as the germination medium. A completely randomized design with four replicates of 25 seeds each was adopted. Three germination media were analyzed (sand, vermiculite and sphagnum) at an alternate temperature of 25-35ºC. For the study of the germination medium, the design adopted was the completely randomized design with seven replicates of 25 seeds each. For the study of the effect of soaking of the seeds, a seedlot containing approximately 1000 seeds was kept in distilled water. Each day, a sample containing 100 seeds was set to germinate. The maximum period of soaking was of seven days, which means that the experiment had eight treatments: sowing right after the harvesting and from day 1 to day 7 after the harvesting, where four replicates of 25 seeds were used for each day. For the storage study, the experimental design used was the completely randomized design (12 periods of storage) with four repetitions of 25 seeds. The seeds were placed in impermeable packages (bags of transparent polyethylene) and were stored in a refrigerated chamber. The storage lasted for 11 months and at every 30 days, samples containing 140 seeds were taken out. From these 140 seeds, 100 were taken... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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