Objective assessment of eyelid position and tear meniscus in facial nerve palsy

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate lower lid position and tear meniscus in peripheral idiopathic facial nerve palsy (FNP). Methods: A prospective study enrolled patients with peripheral idiopathic FNP and epiphora. Data were collected on patient demographics, House-Brackmann (HB) scale, digital photographs of the face, and tear meniscus at the 1st, 30, and 90 day after onset of FNP. Marginal reflex distance to the upper (MRD1) and lower eyelid (MRD2) were evaluated using ImageJ software. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed to measure the tear menis- cus. P<.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Sixteen patients were evaluated. The HB scale at presentation was grade III in six patients (37.5%). At 90 day, nine patients (56.25%) were grade I-normal. Three (18.7%) had upper lid retraction, three (18.7%) upper eyelid asymmetry and 7 (43.75%), lower eyelid retraction. The difference between MRD2-FNP with MRD2-healthy side was 0.51 ± 1.9 mm at the 1st visit, decreasing to 0.09 ± 1.47 mm at 90 days (P=.877). Tear meniscus measurements were significantly higher in FNP at the 1st visit (P=.001). The decrease in MRD2 was statistically correlated with the reduction of the tear meniscus area (TMA) (r = 0.67; P=.007) at 90 days. No correlation was found between HB and TMA. There is a difference in TMA between age groups at the 1st day(p=.009). Eldest group had higher HB scales. Conclusion: Quantitative evaluation of eyelid position and tear meniscus are effective to document the evolution of FNP and can serve as a clue of orbicularis recovery.