Interleukin-15 are associated with insulin resistance in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome

Abstract

Objective: To determine if higher levels of circulating interleukin (IL)-15 are positively associated with improvement in insulin resistance in postmenopausal women (PW) with metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods: According to the median value of IL-15 at baseline, PW older than or equal to 45 years were divided into two groups: higher (n = 43) and lower (n = 42) IL-15. There was a 9-month follow-up period with clinical assessments at baseline and at 9 months (criteria of metabolic syndrome, body fat, and insulin resistance). Insulin resistance (IR) was calculated according to the Homeostasis Model Assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). For IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-33, IL-15, and TNF-α was determined using immunoassay Magnetic Bead Panel. Results: There was an interaction between the time and group only for insulin (p =.008) and HOMA-IR (p =.024). After adjusting for confounding variables (clinical and ILs), the HOMA-IR (p =.006) and insulin (p =.003) were lower in the higher-IL-15 group [HOMA-IR: 2.2 (95% CI: 1.9–2.5) and insulin: 9.1 µIU/mL (95% CI: 7.9–10.3)] when compared to the lower-IL-15 group [HOMA-IR: 3.1 (95% CI: 2.6–3.6) and insulin: 12.9 (95% CI: 11.1–14.9)] after 9 months of follow-up. Conclusion: Higher levels of circulating IL-15 are positively associated with improvements in IR in PW with MS.