Biologia floral e sistema reprodutivo de campomanesia adamantium (cambess.) o. Berg - myrtaceae em área de cerrado no sul do mato grosso do sul, brasil

Abstract

Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg, belongs to the Myrtaceae family, with about 140 genres, being popularly known in Brazil as 'guavira', 'gabiroba', etc. It's a branched tree, very often found in thickets, being abundant in the Mato Grosso do Sul state. This study aimed to evaluate its reproductive system, the phenological events and the floral biology. Tests of controlled pollination were developed, involving xenogamy, geitonogamy, apomixia, manual self-pollination, spontaneous self-pollination and a control (natural pollination). The presence and absence of phenophases of budding, production of flower buds, flowering, mature fruit production and deciduous leaves were registered in a population of 25 individuals. The average production of flower buds by inflorescence was of 42.6 ±14.15. Anthesis takes place around 5:00, the receptive stigma staying until 13:00. The whole development had an average duration of 63 days since the flower opening (anthesis) until presence of mature fruits. The resources offered to the visitors were pollen and nectar (in a small amount), pollen being the main resource. The flower to fruit ratio was 0.66, representing a low energetic cost in the reproductive process, ensuring a significant quantity of fruits. The species presented self-incompatibility, requiring pollinators to achieve a considerable production of fruits. The predominant reproductive system was xenogamy, being effectively carried out by bees, Apis mellifera being its main agent.