Cone beam computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the temporomandibular joint anatomy: Potential interpretation pitfalls

Abstract

It is essential that the images of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are adequately interpreted for a correct diagnosis, thus avoiding a number of possible errors caused by misinterpretation in the analysis of the joint. Then, it is indispensable to know the morphology and function of the TMJ structures shown on the images acquired by both imaging techniques, namely, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI is accepted as one of the most accurate imaging modalities for analysis and evaluation of the TMJ due to its multiplanar reformatting and excellent soft-tissue contrast, which makes it the modality of choice for non-invasive investigation. CBCT is a relatively new three-dimensional imaging scanner which has been used for evaluation of the maxillofacial area, thus becoming an alternative to conventional computed tomography for diagnosis of TMJ disorders at low radiation doses to patients. The goal of this chapter is to review and discuss the three dimensional anatomy of the TMJ by using CBCT and MRI as well as the possible pitfalls in the interpretation of these two imaging modalities in normal and pathological conditions.