Technological advances applied to spectral monitoring in agriculture

A better understanding of the physical-chemical properties of vegetation combined with technological advances has contributed to improvements in the agricultural sector. The study of the spectral behavior of the crop allows the identification of changes in plant properties due to stress biotic and abiotic factors from the interaction between radiation and the target. The way radiation at different wavelengths acts on the leaf mesophyll is of great importance to understanding the photosynthetic and biochemical capacity of the plant, as well as the structure and functioning of the canopy, because it is closely related to the synthesis of pigments, cell structure, and water content in cells. The main objective of this chapter was to show the application of orbital, aerial, and proximal remote sensing systems in agriculture as characteristics and factors that affect data quality. The specific objectives were: (1) To show the integration between remote sensing and artificial intelligence applications in agriculture and (2) to demonstrate the advances in studying the vegetation's spectral behavior, verifying the crop's physiological, phytosanitary, nutritional, and water conditions. Thus, through spectral behavior, it is possible to monitor the development of the crop, as well as assist producers through the development of decision support tools.