Injectable progesterone in 13-month-old prepubertal Nellore heifers: effects on in vitro embryo production and pregnancy rate

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of injectable progesterone administration before ovum pick-up (OPU) on in vitro embryo production (IVEP) and pregnancy rate in prepubertal Nellore heifers. Twenty-three Nellore females, 13.04 ± 0.8 months of age, were randomly assigned to two groups: control group (no progesterone application) and progesterone group (intramuscular administration of 1 mL [150 mg/mL] progesterone 7 days before OPU). The second OPU was performed after 28 days (crossover between groups). After OPU, oocytes were selected for IVEP and a sample was fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde. Viable oocytes were subjected to immunofluorescence staining for IGFBP2 and caspase-3. For each oocyte, one image was generated per channel (A555 and A488 filters) and analyzed with the ImageJ program for the quantification of fluorescence intensity (in pixels). The produced embryos were transferred to multiparous Nellore cows and pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasound 30 days after transfer. Data were analyzed using the MIXED and GLIMMIX procedure of SAS®. Treatment with injectable progesterone had no effect on the number or size of the antral follicles of heifers. No differences between the control and progesterone groups were observed for total number of aspirated oocytes (P = 0.78), viable oocytes (P = 0.80), cleavage rate (P = 0.60), or blastocyst rate (P = 0.56). There were no differences in pixel intensity between the two groups, nor in the levels of IGFBP2 or caspase-3. However, a difference was observed in the pregnancy rate of embryos produced from heifers of the progesterone group (42.1%; 32/76) when compared to the rate of embryos produced from control heifers (28.4%; 23/81) (P = 0.02). The use of injectable progesterone before OPU in prepubertal Nellore heifers does not improve IVEP but increases the pregnancy rate after transfer.