Mechanical and Surface Properties of Monolithic Zirconia

Abstract

Purpose: This study compared monolithic zirconia with conventional ones based on mean roughness (Ra), Vickers hardness (VHN), topography, transmittance, grain size, flexural strength (FS), Weibull modulus, and fractographic behavior. Methods and Materials: One monolithic (Prettau Zircon [PR group]) and two conventional (ICE Zirkon Transluzent [IZ group] and Bloom-Zir [BL group]) zirconias were used. Specimens were tested using a profilometer, a microhardness tester, a scanning electron microscope, a spectrophotometer, and a Universal Testing Machine (EMIC DL 2000). Ra, VHN, grain size, and transmittance were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test associated with Dunn test (alpha=0.05). FS was analyzed using oneway analysis of variance with the Tukey honestly significant difference test (alpha=0.05). Results: Means and standard deviations of roughness, after sintering (Ra, in mu m) and VHN, were, respectively, 0.11 +/- 0.01, 1452.16 +/- 79.49, for the PR group; 0.12 +/- 0.02, 1466.72 +/- 91.76, for the IZ group; and 0.21 +/- 0.08, 1516.06 +/- 104.02, for the BL group. BL was statistically rougher (p < 0.01) than PR and IZ. Hardness was statistically similar (p=0.30) for all groups. Means and standard deviations of FS (in MPa) were 846.65 +/- 81.97 for the PR group, 808.88 +/- 117.99 for the IZ group, and 771.81 +/- 114.43 for the BL group, with no statistical difference (p > 0.05). Weibull moduli were 12.47 for the PR group, 7.24 for the IZ group, and 6.31 for the BL group, with no statistical differences. The PR and BL groups had higher transmittance values and grain sizes than the IZ group (p < 0.05). Although the BL group had some fractures that originated in the center of the tensile surface, fractographic analyses showed the same fracture pattern. Conclusions: All tested zirconia showed similar VHN, and the monolithic zirconia had similar roughness compared to one of the conventional zirconias. In addition, the monolithic zirconia showed similar flexural strength and Weibull modulus compared to the others even though its mean grain size was larger. The total transmittance of monolithic zirconia was higher than only one of the conventional zirconias tested.