Antonio bandeira trajano and the pedagogical renewal read in schoolbooks: Teach arithmetic intuitively (late nineteenth century)

This article presents results of researches that were developed from the scientific initiation to the doctorate. While traveling through so many possible paths of research, I always feel drawn to the topic of intuitive teaching of Arithmetic in primary schools during the late nineteenth century. Taking the arithmetic trilogy of Antonio Bandeira Trajano - Aritmética Primária, Aritmética elementar ilustrada e Aritmética progressiva -, for analysis, I came to clear evidence that Brazil appropriated not only a pedagogical model of the United States - the intuitive teaching of Arithmetic -, but also a graphic-editorial model of a school book. In addition, the three works analyzed here are witnesses of the first attempts to constitute an Arithmetic pedagogy in Brazilian primary schools, which I have called practical-intuitive pedagogy.