Fractal correlation properties of heart rate variability and respiratory frequency as measures of endurance exercise durability

Abstract

Purpose: Field-based measures of durability (exercise-related physiologic deterioration over time) for assessing athletic fitness often rely on changes in maximal power profiles or heart rate (HR) drift. This study aimed to determine whether an index of HR variability based on the short-term exponent of Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA a1) along with respiratory frequency (fB) could demonstrate changes in durability during a Time to Task Failure (TTF) Trial. Methods: Ten participants performed a cycling TTF at an intensity of 95% of the respiratory compensation point (RCP) on two occasions, Control and a “Reward” where a monetary incentive was offered when task failure was signaled. Metabolic responses including oxygen uptake (V˙O2), lactate and glucose along with HR, DFA a1 and fB were measured and compared over each quarter of the TTF up to the time of signaling (Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4). Results: The elapsed time of TTF sessions was statistically similar (p = 0.54). After initial equilibration, metabolic responses remained largely stable over Q2–Q4. HR, DFA a1 and fB displayed drift over Q2–Q4 with significant ANOVA. Repeatability of quarterly HR, DFA a1, and fB between Control and Reward sessions was high with ICC between 0.73 and 0.94, Pearson’s r was between 0.83 and 0.98 with no difference in mean values by paired t testing. Conclusion: HR, fB and DFA a1 are useful metrics representing alteration in physiologic characteristics demonstrating durability loss during an endurance exercise session. These measures were repeatable across sessions and have the potential to be monitored retrospectively or in real time in the field with low-cost consumer equipment.