Caracterização dos atributos físicos e químicos de horizontes superficiais de solos sob diferentes usos da terra e monitoramento de erosões hídricas em área urbana e rural no município de Ourinhos/SP

Abstract

In the State of São Paulo the production process of the urban and rural areas and the need for new land for agriculture, mainly coffee, from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, have resulted in the almost complete decimation of the original forest formations. As a result of this process stands out as the frames of degradation of water erosion, loss of fertility, pronounced acidity, among others. This study aimed to characterize physical and chemical surface horizons of some soil profiles (0-20 cm) of the Municipal Ecological Park in Ourinhos, in the urban area; Eucalyptus grandis plantation, remnant native forest and degraded pasture, located in rural area. Maps were prepared for use and occupation of that park and the sub-basin of the stream Lajeadinho; were performed in two monitoring erosion, urban and rural. These results were a source of information to identify the dynamics and changes brought about by human activity in soil influenced by the use, handling and type of relief, contributing to the purposes of planning and recovery of degraded areas. In urban soils the influences were more intense than in rural soils, proven by laboratory tests and by monitoring the erosive focus.