Biocompatibility and mineralized nodule formation of Neo MTA Plus and an experimental tricalcium silicate cement containing tantalum oxide

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate the biocompatibility and mineralized nodule formation of an experimental tricalcium silicate cement with tantalum oxide (TSC/Ta2O5) as radiopacifier, Neo MTA Plus (Avalon Biomed Inc., Bradenton, FL, USA) and MTA (Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil) on human osteoblast-like cells (Saos-2). Methodology: Biocompatibility was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazoyl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and neutral red (NR) assays, after exposure of Saos-2 to cement extracts at 1 : 1, 1 : 2, 1 : 4 and 1 : 8 dilutions for 24 h. Bioactivity was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and calcium deposits were detected with alizarin red staining (ARS). Statistical analysis was performed with analysis of variance and Bonferroni or Tukey post-test (α = 0.05). Results: The MTT assay revealed lower cytotoxicity for NEO and MTA (P < 0.05), and higher for TSC/Ta2O5 at 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 dilutions when compared to serum-free medium – control (P > 0.05). At 1 : 4 dilution, the TSC/Ta2O5 cytotoxicity was similar to the control (P > 0.05). At 1 : 8 dilution, cell viability was significantly greater than the control (P < 0.05). Saos-2 cell viability performed using the NR assay at all dilutions revealed no cytotoxic effect of MTA, NEO and TSC/Ta2O5. ALP activity at 1 and 3 days was similar to the control (P > 0.05). TSC/Ta2O5 had significantly greater ALP activity at 7 days when compared with the control (P < 0.05). All materials induced the production of mineralized nodules, and NEO produced significantly more mineralized nodules than MTA and TSC/Ta2O5 (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Neo MTA Plus and TSC/Ta2O5 were biocompatible and induced ALP activity in Saos-2 cells. Both materials induced mineralized nodule formation by Saos-2 with Neo MTA Plus producing significantly more.