Characterization of chitosan matrix functionalized with graphene oxide and FGF2 for wound healing application

Wound healing involves complex interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix. Chronic ulcers arise from sustained inflammation, leading to delayed healing. An ideal dressing should aid tissue repair, addressing biological and mechanical challenges in chronic wounds. Our study aimed to characterize and evaluate through in vitro analyses two bioactive preparations, hydrogel and membrane, composed of Chitosan (CH, 2%), Graphene Oxide (GO, 0.1%), and FGF2 (2 ng/mL) for their physicochemical, antimicrobial, and cytocompatibility properties. Cell migration and cytotoxicity were assessed using NIH/3T3 fibroblasts at 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96-h intervals. All samples exhibited antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. CH membranes with GO and FGF2 showed superior cell migration and in vitro wound healing, supporting cytocompatibility and providing a favorable environment for wound repair. This study offers a new approach to wound healing and insights into designing multifunctional wound dressings for the management of chronic wounds.