Nature-based solution using a bioengineering strategy for soil erosion control in tropical climate with intense rainfall patterns

Abstract

Background: In the face of escalating soil erosion exacerbated by intense rainfall in tropical climates, the quest for sustainable and effective erosion control techniques is paramount. Nature-based solutions (NbS) using bioengineering strategies have emerged as a potential avenue, yet their efficacy and adaptability in such environmental conditions are not fully explored. Objective: This study seeks to bridge the research gap by evaluating the effectiveness of a bioengineering approach, which involved a strategic plantation of Pigeonpea, Sesame, and Cowpea, as an NbS for soil erosion control under the challenging conditions of tropical climates. It emphasizes the rhizospheric characteristics of these species and their potential to offer a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution to soil erosion. Methods: Employing a random block experimental design, the study compared the performance of Pigeonpea, Sesame, and Cowpea against conventional biosynthetic erosion control methods across various plots. Over 25 rainfall events, comprehensive data collection was undertaken, encompassing 150 measures of precipitation, surface runoff, and soil loss mass. Results: The findings reveal bioengineering solution's comparable, if not superior, effectiveness to conventional techniques, marked by minimal soil loss and enhanced water infiltration capabilities. Analysis of Covariance showcased a very large effect size, significantly underscoring bioengineering's efficacy in soil loss control. Notably, bioengineering's contribution extends beyond erosion control, fostering aquifer recharge and preventing sedimentation in water bodies. Conclusions: This strategic plantation of Pigeonpea, Sesame, and Cowpea stands out as a promising NbS for soil erosion control in tropical climates, characterized by its sustainable approach and minimal environmental footprint. The study advocates for the broader integration of Pigeonpea, Sesame, and Cowpea in soil conservation practices, highlighting its potential to transform erosion control strategies towards greater environmental sustainability and effectiveness.