Transdentinal photobiostimulation of stem cells from human exfoliated primary teeth

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate the effects of infrared light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation on stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs). Methodology: Exfoliated primary teeth were obtained (n = 3), and SHEDs obtained from the teeth were seeded on the pulpal surface of 0.2-mm-thick dentine discs produced from permanent molars. The cells were incubated for 24 h by placing the discs in plain Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM). The DMEM was then replaced with new culture medium formulated for odontoblast differentiation. After 12 h in the second medium, SHEDs were irradiated through the dentine discs using an infrared LED (850 nm) with a power density of 80 mW cm−2. Energy doses (EDs) delivered to the occlusal surface of the dentine discs were 0 (control), 2 and 4 J cm−2 (n = 6). Subsequent tests were performed 72 h after irradiation. These tests included cell viability (MTT), alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), total protein production (TP), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as gene expression for ALP, Col I, DSPP and DMP-1. Data were analysed using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney t-tests (α = 0.05). Results: Both EDs (2 and 4 J cm−2) significantly increased cell viability and ALP activity. For TP, ALP and Col I gene expression, only the 4 J cm−2 group had significantly higher values compared to the control group. Cell morphology was not affected by irradiation. Conclusion: Infrared LED irradiation was capable of biostimulating SHEDs through a 0.2 mm thickness of dentine, especially at the 4 J cm−2 level.