Three-dimensional volumetric changes of 5 different bone grafts in human maxillary sinuses reconstruction: a randomized clinical study

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the three-dimensional volumetric changes of human maxillary sinuses after reconstruction using 5 different bone grafts. Patients and methods: Patients underwent unilateral maxillary sinus bone height reconstruction using 5 bone substitutes allocated in different groups as follows: group 1 was grafted with autogenous bone graft alone; group 2 with beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP); group 3 with β-TCP + autogenous bone graft 1:1; group 4 with bioactive glass; and group 5 with bioactive glass + autogenous bone graft 1:1. The patients were submitted to cone beam computed tomography in two periods: 15 days after the surgical procedure (T1) and after 6 months (T2). The results were evaluated as the formula T2-T1 expressing the three-volumetric changes of the biomaterials in elapsed time. Results: The resorption rate of autogenous bone graft was −630.699 ± 300.9 mm3; in the β-TCP group, it was −315.772 ± 125.6 mm3; in the group with β-TCP + autogenous bone graft 1:1, it was −336.205 ± 195.7 mm3; and in groups with bioactive glass and with the addition of autogenous bone graft 1:1, it was −428.878 ± 311.6 mm3 and −576.917 ± 471.6 mm3, respectively, without statistical difference (p = 0.167). Pearson’s correlated test revealed a strong correlation as well as a progressive resorption of the grafts during bone healing. Conclusion: The similar outcomes for the three-dimensional volumetric changes using the bone substitutes evaluated after 6 months of bone healing suggest that all these grafts can be performed to maxillary sinus reconstruction.