Canine parvovirus 2 detection using a LSPR biosensing method with gold nanoparticles

Abstract

Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) is responsible for one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases that affect mainly young dogs. This severe condition can lead to death, and the development of low-cost and fast diagnostic techniques is essential since only clinical diagnosis is not accurate. Furthermore, noble metal nanoparticles, such as gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), have dynamic physicochemical characteristics that allow the transduction of various signals, which makes them efficient biosensors. The present report describes a protocol to identify CPV-2 from stool samples using AuNPs modified with antibody deposition. The protocol was standardized using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, and a combination of both. A total of 60 positive and five negative stool samples for CPV-2 were subjected to the technique. There was a significant increase in wavelengths after the addition of the positive samples. The combination of both antibodies showed the greatest difference. In contrast, when adding the negative samples, there was no statistically significant difference in wavelengths compared to that in the step with the antibodies. Adenovirus and porcine circovirus 2 samples were also subjected to the technique, and no nonspecific binding was detected. This technique provides a quick (40 min), low cost ($2 per sample), and sensitive and specific diagnosis. The results found here are promising and may serve as a basis for future point of care testing AuNP protocols.