Germplasm Diversification in Citrus Orchards in a Mesothermal Climate in Brazil

The limited scion-rootstock combinations used in sweet orange orchards in Brazil reduce the commercial potential of citrus and lead to greater susceptibility to pests and diseases. Aiming to provide germplasm diversification, the research evaluated the Folha Murcha (FM) and Charmute de Brotas (CB) orange trees grafted onto ‘Rangpur’ lime (RL) and ‘Swingle’ citrumelo (SC) rootstocks. The study was conducted in the southern center of the state of São Paulo, in the subtropical region of southeastern Brazil. The grafted trees were planted in September 2016. The field experiment was conducted over two seasons. The combinations were evaluated based on the duration in days and degree-days of the phenological intervals, growth and yield performance, alternate bearing, fruit ripening, and quality. The trees of the two scion cultivars grafted onto RL had the shortest crop cycle, the earliest fruit ripening, and the largest canopy volume. SC produced fewer alternate bearings with greater production efficiency. The CB/SC combination produced fruits with a better color index, higher total soluble solids content, and a higher technological index. This assessment can be useful in planning orchards for dual-purpose markets, such as table fruit and the juice industry.