Consorciação de Urochloas com milho em sistema plantio direto como cultura antecessora da soja de verão
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Data
2013-03-04
Autores
Chioderoli, Carlos Alessandro [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A sustentabilidade do sistema plantio direto está inteiramente ligada ao uso e manejo do solo, com o propósito de utilizar tecnologias que promovam o acúmulo de matéria seca no solo; fato imprescindível para tornar o sistema sustentável e lucrativo. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi caracterizar as variações de alguns atributos físicos e químicos do solo; avaliar a melhor época e modalidade de semeadura de duas espécies de Urochloas em consórcio com o milho, bem como avaliação dos parâmetros operacionais na semedura de soja sobre palhada dos consórcios. O experimento foi instalado nos anos agrícolas de 2010/11 e 2011/12 em área experimental do Laboratório de Máquinas e Mecanização Agrícola da UNESP/Jaboticabal-SP, em Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico típico, textura argilosa, com delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com 9 tratamentos em esquema fatorial 2x4+1, com 4 repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por duas espécies de Urochoas (Urochloa brizantha e Urochloa ruzizienses) e quatro modalidades de consórcio das Urochoas com o milho: MFL- Milho com Urochoa na linha de semeadura do milho; MFE- Milho com Urochoa na entrelinha; MFC- Milho com Urochoa na entrelinha semeada junto ao adubo de cobertura do milho no estádio V4; MFLA- Milho com Urochoa à Lanço no estádio V4 do milho; TESTEMUNHA- Milho exclusivo. Os resultados demonstraram que a consorciação e a sequência de culturas praticadas proporcionaram aumento na macroporosidade, microporosidade e porosidade total do solo nas camadas de 0,0-0,30m, com redução significativa da densidade do solo, principalmente no segundo ano agrícola, bem como aumento significativo dos atributos químicos do solo sob o consórcio de milho com Urochloas ruzizienses ao decorrer dos anos agrícolas. A maior produção de matéria seca...
The sustainability of no tillage system is fully linked to the soil use and management, in order to utilize technologies that promote the accumulation of dry matter in the soil, an essential fact to bring the system sustainable and profitable. The aim of this study was to characterize the variations of some physical and chemical soil properties; evaluate the best time and method of seeding of two species of Urochloas intercropped with maize, as well as evaluation of operational parameters in soybean seeding on the consortiums straw. The experiment was carried in agricultural years of 2010/11 and 2011/12 in the experimental area of the Machinery and Agricultural Mechanization Laboratory of UNESP/Jaboticabal-SP, in typic eutroferric red latossol, clay texture, in complete randomized blocks with 9 treatments in factorial design 2x4+1, with 4 replications.The treatments were constituted by two species of Urochoas (Urochloa brizantha and Urochloa ruzizienses) and four modalities of Urochoas intercroped with maize: MFL (Maize with Urochloa in the maize seeding row), MFE (Maize with Urochloa sowed between rows) MFC (Urochloa sowed between maize rows along with the manure at the V4 stage); MFLA (Maize with Urochloa planted by throwing at the V4 stage) and Control (Exclusive Maize). The results showed that the intercropping systems and sequence of cultivated crops promoted increased on the macroporosity, microporosity and total porosity of the soil in layers of 0.0 to 0.30 m, with a significant reduction in the density of the soil, especially in the second growing season, as well as significant increase of the soil chemical properties under the intercropping maize with Urochloas ruzizienses through the growing seasons. The highest production of straw total dry matter was for maize with Urochloa sowed between rows... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The sustainability of no tillage system is fully linked to the soil use and management, in order to utilize technologies that promote the accumulation of dry matter in the soil, an essential fact to bring the system sustainable and profitable. The aim of this study was to characterize the variations of some physical and chemical soil properties; evaluate the best time and method of seeding of two species of Urochloas intercropped with maize, as well as evaluation of operational parameters in soybean seeding on the consortiums straw. The experiment was carried in agricultural years of 2010/11 and 2011/12 in the experimental area of the Machinery and Agricultural Mechanization Laboratory of UNESP/Jaboticabal-SP, in typic eutroferric red latossol, clay texture, in complete randomized blocks with 9 treatments in factorial design 2x4+1, with 4 replications.The treatments were constituted by two species of Urochoas (Urochloa brizantha and Urochloa ruzizienses) and four modalities of Urochoas intercroped with maize: MFL (Maize with Urochloa in the maize seeding row), MFE (Maize with Urochloa sowed between rows) MFC (Urochloa sowed between maize rows along with the manure at the V4 stage); MFLA (Maize with Urochloa planted by throwing at the V4 stage) and Control (Exclusive Maize). The results showed that the intercropping systems and sequence of cultivated crops promoted increased on the macroporosity, microporosity and total porosity of the soil in layers of 0.0 to 0.30 m, with a significant reduction in the density of the soil, especially in the second growing season, as well as significant increase of the soil chemical properties under the intercropping maize with Urochloas ruzizienses through the growing seasons. The highest production of straw total dry matter was for maize with Urochloa sowed between rows... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Solos - Analise, Físico-química do solo, Rotação de cultivos, Desempenho, Milho, Plantio direto, Soil physical chemistry
Como citar
CHIODEROLI, Carlos Alessandro. Consorciação de Urochloas com milho em sistema plantio direto como cultura antecessora da soja de verão. 2013. xviii, 174 p. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, 2013.